Anisolabis Maritima Research Articles

Morphological characterization of the antennal sensilla of t he earwig Anisolabis maritima (Dermaptera: Carcinophoridae) with reference to their probable functions

The earwig, Anisolabis maritima (Dermaptera: Carcinophoridae), is one of the most significant insects in KSA because, it was recorded in Saudi Arabia as a beneficial predator on eggs and newly hatched larvae of the red palm weevil, Rhyncophorus ferrugineus. We examined the external morphology of the antennal sensilla of males and females of A. maritima using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The filiform antennae of A. maritima were of the conventional type comprising a basal scape, pedicle and a long, thread-like flagellum, which was composed of 12 flagellomeres of males and 16 flagellomeres of females. Six morphologically unique sensillar types were found and described on the antennae of males and females of A. maritima. Of those identified, there were three types of porous trichoid sensilla (long, curved and arcuate), and two types of basiconic sensilla (short and curved), and one type of aporous trichoid sensilla. The shape, external morphology and array of sensilla on the antennae of males and females of A. maritima were similar.

Feeding of a Shore-Inhabiting Ground Beetle, Scarites aterrimus (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

The feeding ecology of Scarites aterrimus Morawitz (Coleoptera: Carabidae), an endangered shore-inhabiting species, was studied by field observations and laboratory experiments. S. aterrimus adults fed on a dead Anisolabis maritima (Bonelli) earwig and dead Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille) pill bug on a beach at night in central Japan. In the laboratory, the adults frequently fed on the carcasses of an earwig, the maggots of the fly species Phaenicia sericata (Meigen), the sandhopper Platorchestia joi Stock & Biernbaum and the pill bug A. vulgare. Predatory behavior was restricted to live fly larvae and pill bugs, occasionally live earwigs and sandhoppers. Similar results were obtained for S. aterrimus larvae. S. sterrimus seems to be a scavenger of various invertebrates and also a predator of slow-moving, less-defended invertebrates.

Entomological fauna from Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas, RN, Brazil: I. Morphospecies composition.

Atol das Rocas, the unique atoll in the South-western Atlantic, is located 144 nautical miles (266 Km) northeast from the city of Natal, NE Brazil and 80 nautical miles from Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, with geographic co-ordinates 3 masculine51'S and 33 masculine49"W. It's of volcanic origin and coralline formation. The reef is ellipsoid, its largest axis (E-W) is approximately 3.7 km long, and the shortest (N-S) is 2.5 km. Inside the lagoon, there are two islands: the Ilha do Farol and Ilha do Cemitério, which comprehend 7.2 Km2 of emerged area. The Atol das Rocas lodges 143,000 birds, mainly by Sula dactilatra, S. leucogaster, Anous stolidus, A. minuta and Sterna fuscata. Due to their remote location, the islands remain largely undisturbed by the human activities. Aiming to a first characterization of the entomological diversity and the general trophic niches of atoll's entomofauna, three collects were made (1994, 1995 and 1996) utilizing several methods for a wide sample. One thousand six hundred and six insect specimens were collected belonging to eight orders: 1. Coleoptera - 333 individuals of Dermestidae (Dermestes cadaverinus); Tenebrionidae (Phaleria testacea and morphospecies) and Curculionidae (one morphospecies); 2. Dermaptera - 50 individuals of Carcinophoridae (Anisolabis maritima); 3. Diptera - 281 individuals of Ephydridae (Scatella sp. and Hecamede sp.) and Hippoboscidae (one morphospecies); 4. Hymenoptera - 45 individuals of Formicidae (Brachymyrmex sp.); 5. Lepidoptera - 111 individuals of Microlepidoptera (one morphospecies); 6. Mallophaga - 18 individuals in birds (two morphospecies); 7. Orthoptera - 237 individuals of Acrididae (Schistocerca cancellata), Tridactylidae (one morphospecies) and Blattidae (three morphospecies); 8. Thysanoptera -531 individuals (one morphospecies). Also were collected 112 individuals of Arachnida. The taxa of the Order Araneae were represented by the families: 1. Miturgidae (Cheiracanthium inclusum); 2. Salticidae (two morphospecies) and 3. Segestriidae (Ariadna sp.); 4. Theridiidae (Achaearanea sp. and Latrodectus geometricus). For the Order Scorpionida, only samples of Buthidae (Isometrus maculatus) were collected. Through field observations, it was concluded the most insects are detritophagous and/or necrophagous. It is suggested that which the dimension of ecological niches of the insects are a function of the droppings, trash and corpses of birds. A low diversity in the entomofauna of atoll, with its 25 morphospecies, was ascertained.

Conservation of dermaptera in youngnam region I. Choosing priority area by taxonomic root weighting and distribution analysis

Dermaptera was investigated, examined and reviewed in taxonomy and for distribution in Youngnam region. Based on the data, the local species groups were measured to choose priority‐conservation‐area by taxonomic root weighting and distribution analysis at 232 geographical conservation units. Eleven species belonging to 4 families and 8 genera were recorded mounting up to 68.75% of species diversity known in Korea. Found remarkably were the rare and endangered Challia fletcheri Burr at Sobaek Mountain National Park, and unusually Anisolabis maritima (Bonelli) in Taegu, Euborellia pallipes (Shiraki) at Island Geoje and E. plebeja (Dohrn) at Hwanho near Pohang. The highest species diversity was found at the temple Huibang area at Sobaek Mountain National Park with 8 species, which was measured also as the primary priority‐conservation‐area with 83.41% of accumulated taxonomic root weighting indices in percentage. Geoje and Hwanho both measured as 12.18% of accumulated taxonomic root weighting index in percen...

The visual pigment chromophores in the retina of insect compound eyes, with special reference to the Coleoptera

A new survey, by HPLC, of the visual pigment chromophores in the compound eye of Japanese insects was made during the Summer and Autumn of 1988. The results largely conformed to those of previous studies (in Europe, Japan and the U.S.A.), except for the discovery of several coleopterans unusual in containing both retinal (A 1) and 3-hydroxyretinal (A 3). The chromophores of five coleopteran families are described for the first time: the Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae and Lampyridae contain both A 1 and A 3: while in the Lucanidae and Melandryidae only A 1 was detected. Of the Family Cerambycidae (the only insect family so far discovered to contain members with different chromophore types), one of the two major subfamilies not previously investigated, the Lepturinae, yielded only A 1. Newly-tested species from the Prioninae conformed to earlier findings (A 1 only). Additional data (Vogt, previously unpublished) suggest that the Cantharidae, Cicindelidae, Dermestidae and Tenebrionidae also utilize only A 1. The distribution of A 1 and A 3 among the insects is discussed in terms of phylogeny, diet, and the photic environment. The coleopterans utilizing both A 1 and A 3 are widely separated, phylogenetically, but most are carnivorous and associated with an aquatic environment. The co-incidence of these features also in the Odonata, which generally utilize both A 1 and A 3, suggests that chromophore content in both groups may well be environmentally related. These findings are compared with the seasonal and environment-related occurrence of A 1 and A 2 (3-dehydroretinal) reported for fishes, amphibians and crustaceans. The data now accumulated for compound eye chromophore content of the Insecta are listed. Included are first mentions of the Dermaptera (the earwig Anisolabis maritima) and Megaloptera ( Sialis lutaria), which contain only A 1. Exceptions to the previously apparent, general phylogenetic trends are now known in the Orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Neuroptera and Odonata.

Ecology of beach wrack in northern New England with special reference to Orchestia platensis

The northern New England beach wrack community with special reference to the cosmopolitan amphipod crustacean, Orchestia platensis, was examined at estuarine and open coastal habitats. Beach wrack was dominated by the plant genera Ascophyllum, Zostera, Spartina and Chondrus, and was most abundant during spring and late summer. Animal community numbers, biomass and frequency in fresh to moderately decomposed wrack were dominated by O. platensis throughout the year at all habitats; oligochaetes and Collembola were also important. The abundance of O. platensis showed high spatial and temporal variability, with low abundance generally associated with decreased amounts of wrack during colder months. An exception was the winter presence of the species at one estuarine habitat, in patchy aggregations within gravel-cobble refuges. The abundance of O. platensis averaged 1280 (0.04 m 2) −1, with a maximum of 7040 (0.04 m 2) −1. The life cycle of O. platensis is bivoltine, with summer-hatched young reaching maturity within 1 month. Laboratory studies indicate females with up to 4 broods (30 days) −1, averaging 18 eggs brood −1. Orchestia platensis is omnivorous, eating fresh plant tissue, live oligochaetes, Limulus eggs and diatom ‘fuzz’. The rate of laboratory consumption of algae and Zostera was 0.05 mg plant mg −1 wet body weight day −1. Presumptive predators of O. platensis are juvenile green crab, Carcinus maenus, and the earwig. Anisolabis maritima. The mobility, aggregation and aggressiveness of O. platensis assist the species in establishing and maintaining populations in the rigorous wrack habitat. The general competitive superiority of O. platensis over its congener, O. gammarella, and the co-occurrence of these species on both eastern and western Atlantic shores is discussed.

Origin and differentiation of the oocyte - nurse cell complex in the germarium of the earwig, anisolabis Maritima borelli (Dermaptera : Labiduridae)

The germarium in the larva of Anisolabis maritima (Dermaptera : Labiduridae) is subdivided into 5 zones. The interconnected cell clusters in each zone are analysed by electron microscope and the reconstruction of thick serial sections. Zone I is occupied by oogonia, which repeat the mitoses with incomplete cytokinesis and form the larger syncytium connected by intercellular bridges. The cells, which migrate to the base of the ogonial syncytium, become cytoblasts. In zone IIa, the cytoblast separates from the oogonial syncytium and undergoes 3 successive mitoses to produce 8 cystocytes connected by 7 intercellular bridges. In zone IIb, all cystocytes enter into the 1st meiotic prophase and the prospective oocytes and nurse cells become detectable from the cystocyte cluster. In zone IIc, the prospective oocytes continue meiosis, while the prospective nurse cells remain arrested at the leptotene stage. In zone III, the prospective nurse cells switch into the endomitosis pathway. The 8 cystocytes generate 4 oocyte-nurse cell complexes, each of which consists of an oocyte and a nurse cell. This formation is accomplished by the closing of the bridges among oocytes in the cluster.

The composition of the haemolymph of the New Zealand earwig, Anisolabis littorea

The haemolymph of the maritime earwig, Anisolabis littorea, has been analysed for inorganic and organic components. The inorganic fraction has a high sodium ion concentration and osmotic pressure but a relatively lower chloride ion concentration. The organic fraction has a high amino acid content—the principal ones being proline, alanine, glutamic acid, and glutamine, and tyrosine. In contrast to the high aminoacidemia there is a very low carbohydrate content and no detectable trehalose in the haemolymph. The evolution of the composition of insect blood is discussed.

The spermatogenesis of the earwig Anisolabis maritima Bon. with reference to the mechanism of chromosomal movement

The spermatogenesis of the earwig Anisolabis maritima Bon. with reference to the mechanism of chromosomal movement

A comparative study of the spermatogenesis of five species of earwigs

AbstractThe following species of earwigs are used in this study: Labidura bidens, Labia minor, Anisolabis annulipes, Anisolabis maritima, and Forficula auricularia. In all species the chromosomes are divisible into, a) autosomes and, b) XY‐complex. The chromosome distribution in regular in Labidura bidens and Labia minor. The male diploid number is 12 and 14, respectively. Each has an XY‐complex in which the X is a single chromosome. In both Anisolabis annulipes and Anisolabis maritima the male diploid number is 25, or 22 autosomes and an XXY‐complex. The two X components remain fused during the first spermatocyte division. The diploid number in the male of Forficula auricularia is 25 and 24. The chromosome number is constant in the individual. The irregularity is interpreted as due to the fusion of the two X components in the individuals with 24 counts and to these X components remaining separate in the earwigs with the 25 counts. An explanation is given for some of the variable results obtained in former studies of the chromosomes of Forficula auricularia. The discussion considers the possible origin of the variations in chromosome numbers in the earwigs.