Anionic Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Research Articles

Tuning capacitance of bimetallic ZnCo2O4 using anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants by hydrothermal synthesis for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor

Surface properties of nanomaterials are directly related to their electrochemical performance, with surfactants playing an essential role in their cost-effective synthesis as structure-directing agents and templates. This research article discusses the effects of neutral, cationic, and anionic surfactants on the capacitance of bimetallic ZnCo2O4 nanomaterial, synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal-annealing method. We investigated how cationic (cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide), anionic (sodium dodecyl sulphate), and non-ionic (urea) surfactants influence the electrochemical characteristics of ZnCo2O4 nano-powders. All three surfactant-based ZnCo2O4 electrodes exhibited Faradaic behaviour during electrochemical tests. The ionic nature of the surfactants significantly impacted the charge-storage mechanism, with specific capacitance values rising in the order of Urea (550 Fg−1) < C-TAB (740 Fg−1) < SDS (980 Fg−1) at a 1 Ag−1 in half-cell studies. The ZnCo2O4-SDS displayed the highest surface redox reactivity and superior electrochemical performance, with 426 Fg−1 in full-cell studies, energy density of 230 WhKg−1 (1 Ag−1), power density of 18,213.9 WKg−1 (10 Ag−1), and 93 % capacitance retention is observed over 50,000 cycles (50 Ag−1).

Effect of surfactants and implementation strategies for the pentachlorophenol degradation with Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles in soil

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) removal was found to be dependent on many factors including soil surface charge, Ni/Fe nanoparticle (NP) dosage, pH, and types of surfactants. Desorption efficiencies of PCP from the contaminated soil treated with DI water, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Triton X-100 (TX-100) were 88.2%, 1.35%, 103%, and 80.9%, respectively. PCP desorption was significantly enhanced by anionic SDS but reduced by cationic CTAB. PCP desorption efficiency was governed by van der Waals attraction and electrostatic interaction among surfactants, soil particles, and Ni/Fe nanoparticles. For SDS-modified Ni/Fe NPs, SDS bilayers form on the positively charged Ni/Fe surface to sterically and electrostatically stabilize Ni/Fe and enhance the PCP removal efficiency of Ni/Fe in soil. However, an opposite effect was observed in the CTAB-modified Ni/Fe. In the soil slurry, CTAB was readily detached from Ni/Fe and subsequently form a CTAB bilayer on the soil surface to adsorb PCP at the soil surface that significantly reduce PCP degradation by blocking PCP from accessing the Ni/Fe reactive sites although the Ni/Fe-CTAB exhibited extremely high reactivity for PCP in soil solutions. Based on the results, remediation strategies using a combination of surfactants and Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles for ex-situ soil remediation were proposed.

Effect of surfactants on the permeation rate and selectivity of polyamide composite membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration

Solvent-resistant membranes are pivotal in industrial separations. This study aims to develop thin-film composite polyamide (TFC-PA) membranes with enhanced organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) capabilities. Polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAAH) was used as the aqueous amine and isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) as the crosslinker to form the polyamide active layer by interfacial polymerization (IP) on a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support. The impact of using anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to act as phase transfer agents during IP was investigated to understand their potential for facilitating the transfer of PAAH to the organic phase for reaction with IPC. The SDS and CTAB were separately dissolved into the PAAH solutions before IP to evaluate their effects on membrane properties. Extensive characterization including SEM, EDX, AFM, Water Contact Angle, ATR-FTIR, and Solid (CP-MAS) 13C NMR revealed various chemical and structural features of the membrane. The membrane M2 (PAAH-IPC) (exhibited >98% rejection for various anionic and cationic dyes. The inclusion of SDS during interfacial polymerization led to a substantial 3-fold increase in methanol permeate flux from 31 L m−2 h−1 to 119 L m−2 h−1, at a pressure of 15 bar. Conversely, the addition of CTAB resulted in membranes with higher permeate flux but insufficient dye rejection. Moreover, after three weeks of static aging of the membranes no significant changes were detected in either permeability or solute rejection, substantiating the stability of membranes.

Ultra-stable Pickering liquid crystal-in-water emulsions decorated with thermoresponsive soft microgels and their response to aqueous analytes

This work presents an extensive investigation of the Pickering stabilization of liquid crystal (LC)-in-water emulsions using soft nanometer-sized colloidal poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles and the responsivity of the PNIPAM microgel-stabilized Pickering LC droplet-based assembly towards amphiphilic analytes. The evolution of size and stability of LC droplets with microgel concentration are found to be dependent on the emulsifier-regime. Despite microgel coating, the LC-water interface remains accessible to model analytes such as anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The analytes can pass through the interfacial pores and/or meshes of porous microgels to induce a bipolar-to-radial ordering transition within the droplets. The dose-response behaviour is largely influenced by the initial microgel concentration, type of analytes and interfacial layer (charge), and the number of droplets exposed to the analytes. The PNIPAM microgel-coated LC droplets notably exhibited enhanced sensitivity under conditions promoting electrostatic attractive interactions between the interfacial microgel layer and analytes. Overall, the results highlight the potential of Pickering LC-in-water emulsions for reliable and quantitative analysis of aqueous analytes, thus opening up new avenues toward the development of droplet-based optical sensors.

Sustainable potassium-doped graphene oxide from oak fruit agricultural waste for a synergistically improved nanofluid-surfactant slug for enhancing oil recovery

This study presents an eco-friendly solvothermal method for synthesizing potassium-doped graphene oxide (K-GO) from agricultural waste, specifically oak fruit. Various spectrographic analyses, including XRD, FTIR, Raman, and UV–Vis, confirmed the successful synthesis of graphene oxide. The synthesized K-GO was combined with different surfactants to create nanofluids to enhance oil recovery. Anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) demonstrated the best performance among the surfactants tested. When 250 ppm of K-GO was added to a 2500 ppm SDS solution, the surface tension was reduced by over 10 %. The study of zeta potential experiments validated that the K-GO-SDS nanofluid is compatible with sandstone reservoirs. Furthermore, the interfacial tension between the K-GO-SDS nanofluid and crude oil decreased by approximately 40 %. Batch adsorption studies showed that the combination of SDS and K-GO significantly reduced surfactant loss to reservoir surfaces by up to 32 %. Additionally, incorporating K-GO resulted in a notable improvement in wettability alteration, with contact angle measurements showing an improvement of over 20°. The sustainable synthesis of potassium-doped graphene oxide (K-GO) facilitates synergistic interactions with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), thereby optimizing the formulation of nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery applications. This combination demonstrates superior efficacy in accessing trapped oil compared to using surfactants alone, highlighting the significant potential of K-GO-SDS nanofluids in advancing oil recovery techniques.

GO and surfactant assisted regulation of polyamide nanofiltration membranes for improved separation performance

Fabricating nanofiltration membranes with high water permeance and selectivity by tailoring the structure and morphology is crucial to efficient water purification. In this work, the fabrication of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration membranes by combining two methods, the surfactant-assembly interfacial polymerization (SARIP) and the addition of graphene oxide (GO) or ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxide (GO-IL) for the preparation of the selective PA layer on a novel porous substrate is reported. For the preparation of the porous substrate, mechanically robust, aromatic polyethers containing polar pyridine units (PDSPP) were chosen targeting to improved hydrophilicity and thus enhanced water permeability. The anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant was used to regulate the interfacial polymerization thereby enabling the formation of dense PA layers with high cross-linking degree and consequently high salt rejections. On the other hand, the addition of GO/GO-IL nanosheets could impart hydrophilicity and antifouling properties. The novel porous PDSPP substrate was selected for the fabrication of TFN membranes due to its improved water permeability and superior salt rejection and increased hydrophilicity compared to commercial PSf substrate. The detailed study of the fabricated TFN membranes by ATR-FT-IR, SEM, AFM, XPS, contact angle measurements revealed the formation of polyamide selective layers with rougher surfaces, increased hydrophilicity and high cross-linking degrees (from 44 % to 94 %), resulted from the synergistic effect of SDS and GO incorporation. Moreover, the prepared TFN membranes exhibited high salt rejections while maintaining a moderate water permeability. In particular, the membrane containing the neat GO (TFNGO50) displayed excellent Na2SO4 and MgSO4 rejections (98.8 % and 99.5 %, respectively) while the NaCl rejection was 47.0 % and a water permeability value of 4.2 L m-2h−1 bar−1. The divalent salt rejections were among the highest values reported in the literature in comparison with commercial NF membranes and TFN membranes containing GO/functionalized GO. When GO-IL nanosheets were embedded in the PA layer, the water permeability was slightly improved while the salt rejections were significantly reduced compared to TFNGO50. Lastly, the incorporation of GO enhanced the anti-fouling properties of the prepared membranes due to increased hydrophilicity of the PA surface.

Comparison of three techniques for decellularization of porcine bone-tendon-bone grafts

ABSTRACT Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are frequent afflictions related to sports or physical trauma. Autograft reconstruction strategies cause secondary injury to the patient. One alternative, supported by clinical evidence, is porcine xenografts. For clinical use, xenografts must be conditioned to avoid immune rejection. The most widely accepted procedure is tissue decellularization. We analyzed three decellularization strategies: the application of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sonication, and freezing and thawing cycles. The treated tissues were evaluated histologically using H&E, Masson’s trichrome, Verhoeff-van Gieson staining, and DAPI for fluorescent staining of nuclei. Finally, collagen fiber preservation was evaluated by quantifying this protein by colorimetry. The most efficient decellularization techniques were sonication and SDS. Collagen fibers were preserved in all experimental conditions.

Covalent vs. Non covalent chemical modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes based-nanofluids: Stability and thermal conductivity steadiness over temperature

Thermal conductivity enhancement coupled to nanoparticle dispersion stability over time are the two main conflicting requirements to overcome to develop carbon nanomaterial-based nanofluids. Both covalent and non-covalent approaches, having their own advantages and disadvantages, are commonly used for carbon nanotube based nanofluids development. However, they are rarely compared regarding their impact on stability and thermal conductivity performances for the same kind of nanofluid. In this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been chemically modified by both covalent and non-covalent functionalization. For the covalent functionalization, a simple oxidation method is applied. It consists of refluxing the powdered MWCNTs in H2SO4/HNO3 at 5 M concentration. For the non-covalent approach, both an anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and a non-ionic (Pluronic P123, comprising poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) in an alternating linear fashion, PEO-PPO-PEO) surfactants were employed at a concentration of 1 wt%. Nanofluids were prepared with multiwalled carbon nanotubes at a fixed concentration of 0.2 wt% for both chemical modification approaches. The oxidation reaction occurs without significant structure damaging as shown by transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. UV–visible spectrophotometry analysis shows a remarkable stability with temperature in the 293.15–303.15 K range over one-week and for a longer period of 49 days for all the three types of nanofluids. Their thermal conductivity has been investigated in the same temperature range. For all the three nanofluid series prepared with a fixed concentration of carbon nanomaterials, a thermal conductivity enhancement compared to that of the base fluid has been observed. The thermal conductivity evolution with temperature is different for each type of nanofluid. The covalently oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube based nanofluids showed the better thermal conductivity enhancement steadiness (around 7 %) with temperature. The discussion on the surfactant-based nanofluid behavior proposes the possible involved mechanisms as temperature increases for each surfactant.

Fluorescence lifetime of pyrene butyric acid as a versatile sensing tool for monitoring self-assembled systems and microenvironment

Sensing applicability of the fluorescence lifetime of pyrene butyric acid (PBA) to understand the aggregation behaviour and microheterogeneity of different charged self-assembled surfactants i.e., anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, ∼ 8.5 mM), cationic (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, ∼ 0.95 mM), and non-ionic (Triton X100, ∼ 0.27 mM) in aqueous solution is explored in this study. Time domain fluorescence decay of PBA is introduced for the first time as a sensitive tool for characterizing the molecular microenvironment and for predicting the aggregation behaviour of surfactants, including the monitoring low to higher-order aggregates. A non-extensive distribution analysis on the fluorescence decay profiles yields the fluorescence lifetime and Full Width at Half Maxima (FWHM), with the latter serving as an indicator of the heterogeneity of the molecular microenvironment of the 'fluoroprobe'.The analytical strength of the fluorescence lifetime of PBA as a sensing tool has been validated using biosurfactants sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) with high fidelity. Careful analysis of the non-extensive distribution of the lifetime of PBA displays a substantial sensitivity towards microheterogeneity in its immediate vicinity and hence monitors the higher-order aggregation behaviour of bile salts in aqueous medium.

Dual charge metallo-catanionic formulation to fight acquired infections with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using visible light

The rising incidence of hospital-acquired infections and the increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria are among the foremost challenges in the field of public health. Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising alternative method for eradicating bacterial biofilms. Nonetheless, the limited ability of photosensitizers (PS) to penetrate bacterial cell walls and bacterial biofilms reduces their effectiveness in combating microbial activity. To address these limitations, we suggest formulations that incorporate common dyes such as Rose Bengal (RB) and Toluidine Blue (TB) as photosensitizers within vesicles. The self-assembled structures are formed from an aqueous mixture of two oppositely charged surfactants, creating metallo-catanionic vesicles. The innovative aspect here lies in the inclusion of a double-chain copper based metallosurfactant (bishexadecyltrimethyl ammonium copper tetrachloride (CuC II)) as a cationic component with anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The formation, stability and aggregation behaviour of the synthesized metallo-catanionic vesicles were estimated in the presence of cationic and anionic photosensitizers i.e. TB and RB, respectively. The confocal fluorescence microscopy confirmed the PS encapsulation into selected fractions SDS:CuC II (30:70) and (70:30). Further, in-situ singlet oxygen quantification was done using chemical trapping method which supports enhanced singlet oxygen quantum yields in the presence of metallo-catanionic vesicles. PS-loaded metallo-catanionic vesicles were further used in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli). A tremendous decrease in bacterial growth was observed after applying a dose of PS (TB and RB) loaded metallo-catanionic vesicles in the presence of laser light irradiation. The colony forming unit (CFU) value decreases from 5.84 × 106 CFU/mL to nil with metallo-catanionic vesicles (SDS:CuC II) encapsulated with both TB and RB PS (light dose 40 mins). Hence, our current research demonstrates that these dual-charge metallo-catanionic vesicles can serve as effective delivery vehicles for photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy to combat bacterial infections. Furthermore, these vesicles have potential applications in the field of photomedicine.

Relationship between polymer-surfactant interaction and micellar solubilization revealed by NMR spectroscopy

Micellar solubilization is considered as a key factor affecting the recovery efficiency in chemically enhanced oil recovery (cEOR). However, it is poorly understood how polymers in surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding influences the micellar solubilization. Guar gum (GG) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) are two important and widely used polysaccharide polymers. In this work, the effect of GG and HEC on the solubilization of a crude oil model compound methyl benzoate (MB) in anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles and the underlying mechanism were explored at the molecular scale by NMR spectroscopy. GG and HEC slightly increased the MB solubility in SDS micelles but did not change the solubilization capacity. No correlation peak was observed to demonstrate the attractive interaction between polymer and SDS. After examination, there is weak electrostatic repulsion between HEC/GG and SDS, which made the polymer independent from SDS micelles and was unable to participate in the formation of micelles to alter micellar structure and solubilization behavior. Although the solubility of MB was slightly increased, this increase should originate from weak molecular interactions between polymers, surfactants and hydrophobic molecules, including hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions, etc. In summary, without strong electrostatic attraction between polymer and surfactant, the solubilization of polymers and the solubilization of micelles proceed independently, resulting in that the solubilization capacity of SDS micelles was not improved.

Impact of anthracite blending and SDS addition on slurryability and stability of Indian high ash coal water slurry

ABSTRACT The conventional modes of transporting coal frequently result in substantial fiscal challenges and environmental deterioration. Slurry-based hydraulic transportation of coal through pipelines has proven to be a feasible and efficient method, offering economic benefits, reliability and minimal ecological damage. Due to the limited and rapidly depleting reserves of high-rank coal, the scientific community is compelled to utilize high ash coal (HAC) to meet the growing demands of the population. The HAC slurry is characterized by poor slurryability, stability and low calorific value. This research presents a straightforward solution to enhance the slurryability and stability of Indian HAC while improving its calorific value. Anthracite and anionic additive sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were added in Indian HAC to prepare a high solid loading blended slurry with improved stability. The rheological characteristics, stability and zeta potential of prepared slurry samples were assessed and analyzed to determine the optimum anthracite proportion and SDS concentration. The optimum anthracite proportion and SDS concentration for low apparent viscosity and maximum stability were 30% and 0.6%, respectively. The inclusion of anthracite and SDS at optimal proportion yielded a slurry with 66% solid concentration, indicating a surge of 14% in the maximum possible solid loading.

Effect of surfactants on the interfacial viscoelasticity and stability of silk fibroin at different oil-water interfaces.

The biocompatible amphiphilic silk fibroin, extracted from domesticated silkworms, can adsorb at the oil-water interface and form elastic interfacial layers. In this study, three surfactants (cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the nonionic polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, and the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate) were selected to investigate, through interfacial shear rheology, the influences of surfactants on the interfacial viscoelasticity and stability of silk fibroin at the interfaces between water and two different oils. The presence of surfactant prolongs the equilibration time and enhances the interfacial elastic modulus and toughness of the interfacial silk fibroin layers, especially at the nonpolar dodecane-water interface. However, when the surfactant exceeds a critical concentration, the shear modulus and stability of interfacial silk fibroin layers begin to decrease due to the competitive adsorption of surfactant molecules and the weakening of the protein network. Owing to electrostatic interactions, the ionic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate can form more hydrophobic complexes with silk fibroin, which results in higher shear moduli than for silk fibroin and silk fibroin-polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate mixture. Both the surfactant type and oil polarity play important roles in the adsorption, shear viscoelasticity, and stability of silk fibroin at the oil-water interface. Enhanced interactions between a silk fibroin-surfactant mixture and the oil phase delay the equilibration of the adsorption layers but strengthen the stability of interfacial layers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Insights into the micellar catalysed efficient oxidation of 2- and 3-pentanol by cerium(iv) in a greener medium of SDS and STS

A green envelop of aqueous micellar media generated by anionic surfactants SDS and STS catalyzes the Ce(iv) based oxidation of isomeric pentanols.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Nanosized Polyaniline.

Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer easily converted into a conducting state. However, its limited mechanical properties have generated interest in fabricating PANI composites with other polymeric materials. In this study, a PANI-prevulcanized latex composite film was synthesized and fabricated in two phases following chronological steps. The first phase determined the following optimum parameters for synthesizing nanosized PANI, which were as follows: an initial molar ratio of 1, a stirring speed of 600 rpm, a synthesis temperature of 25 °C, purification via filtration, and washing using dopant acid, acetone, and distilled water. The use of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, at 0.1% concentration favored PANI formation in a smaller particle size of approximately 600 nm and good dispersibility over seven days of observation compared to the use of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed that the PANI synthesized using a surfactant was in the emeraldine base form, as the washing process tends to decrease the doping level in the PANI backbone. Our scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the optimized synthesis parameters produced colloidal PANI with an average particle size of 695 nm. This higher aspect ratio explained the higher conductivity of nanosized PANI compared to micron-sized PANI. Following the chronological steps to determine the optimal parameters produced a nanosized PANI powder. The nanosized PANI had higher conductivity than the micron-sized PANI because of its higher aspect ratio. When PANI is synthesized in smaller particle sizes, it has higher conductivity. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed that the current flow is higher across a 5 µm2 scanned area of nanosized PANI because it has a larger surface area. Thus, more sites for the current to flow through were present on the nanosized PANI particles.

Effect of biologically active amino acids based deep eutectic solvents on sodium dodecyl sulfate: A comparative spectroscopic study

Study the effects of three novel synthesized biologically deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on the micellar characteristics of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The biologically active amino acids based three DESs synthesized have composed the 2:1 M of L-Aspartic acid (DES1), L-Tyrosine (DES2), L-Glutamine (DES3) and choline chloride, furthermore which characterized by FTIR. Surface tension, viscosity, UV–visible, fluorescence, and FTIR spectroscopy are a few of the techniques used to study the interactions of SDS within 5 and 10 wt% of three novel biological DESs in aqueous solutions. The presence and absence of 5 and 10 wt% of the three novel biological DESs in an aqueous solution is used to study the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and various interfacial characteristics including CMC, the efficiency of adsorption, the maximum surface excess concentration, the packing parameter, the minimum area per molecule, and the surface pressure at CMC, is assessed by the surface tension method. The calculated fluorescence data and those obtained using surface tension and UV–visible methods correspond well. The interactions that cause changes in the structure of the surfactant self-assemblies within aqueous DESs were investigated using FTIR technique. It is significant to highlight that the presence of unique biological DESs considerably facilitates the micellization process for SDS and the extent is more affinity for DES2 compared to DES1/DES3. The colloidal properties of DES and their combinations with water are anticipated to benefit from the current findings.

Binding and occupancy properties of gabapentin in mixed surfactant systems

AbstractThis research highlights the efficacy of mixed micellar systems as an innovative chemical formulation for improving the binding properties of active pharmaceutical drugs. The formulations based on the mole fraction were utilized for preparing mixed micelles with anionic sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). DLS measurements demonstrated the formation of small micelles and mixed micelles in SDS‐AOT combinations. A UV absorbance investigation demonstrated the effectiveness of the SDS‐AOT mixed micelles for determining the binding constant (Kb) and mean ion occupancy (i0) of the anticonvulsant gabapentin (GBP) drug. Kb values increased, but the occupancy (i) of GBP per micelle decreased by decreasing the mole fraction (α) of SDS from αSDS 0.9 to 0.1, predicting a shift in occupancy of drugs from the Palisade to the Stern layer. To get a better comprehension of micellization behavior and preferential interaction of the drugs under study, molecular docking studies were performed. According to the docking studies, the GBP displayed significant binding in the presence of SDS‐AOT when compared to pure SDS and AOT molecules. Ultimately, in pharmaceutical applications, mixed micelle played an important role in enhancing the binding and encapsulation efficiency of drugs.

In Vitro Cytocompatibility Assessment of Novel 3D Chitin/Glucan- and Cellulose-Based Decellularized Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering

Background: Naturally derived sustainable biomaterials with high flexibility, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and the ability to manipulate surface chemistry, providing a natural cellular environment, can be used for tissue engineering applications. However, only a few researchers have demonstrated the exploitation of natural architectures for constructing three-dimensional scaffolds. The chemical decellularization technique for fabricating natural scaffolds and their cytocompatibility assessment for tissue engineering applications need to be thoroughly explored and evaluated. Methods: Decellularization of natural scaffolds has been performed via a chemical method using anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) which was used for the in vitro culturing of murine embryonic NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Techniques such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), compressive testing and swelling ratio, and biodegradation were performed to characterize the properties of fabricated decellularized natural scaffolds. Nucleic acid quantification, DAPI, and H&amp;E staining were performed to confirm the removal of nuclear components. In vitro cytocompatibility and live/dead staining assays were performed to evaluate cultured fibroblasts’ metabolic activity and qualitative visualization. Results: 3D chitin/glucan- and cellulose-based scaffolds from edible mushroom (stem) (DMS) and unripe jujube fruit tissue (DUJF) were fabricated using the chemical decellularization technique. FE-SEM shows anisotropic microchannels of highly microporous structures for DMS and isotropic and uniformly arranged microporous structures with shallow cell cavities for DUJF. Both scaffolds exhibited good mechanical properties for skin tissue engineering and DUJF showed a higher compressive strength (200 kPa) than DMS (88.3 kPa). It was shown that the DUJF scaffold had a greater swelling capacity than the DMS scaffold under physiological conditions. At 28 days of incubation, DUJF and DMS displayed approximately 14.97 and 15.06% biodegradation, respectively. In addition, DUJF had greater compressive strength than DMS. Compared to DMS scaffolds, which had a compressive stress of 0.088 MPa at a 74.2% strain, the DUJF scaffolds had a greater compressive strength of 0.203 MPa at a 73.6% strain. The removal of nuclear DNA in the decellularized scaffolds was confirmed via nucleic acid quantification, DAPI, and H&amp;E staining. Furthermore, both of these scaffolds showed good adherence, proliferation, and migration of fibroblasts. DMS showed better biocompatibility and high viability of cells than DUJF. Conclusions: This sustainable scaffold fabrication strategy is an alternative to conventional synthetic approaches for the in vitro 3D culture of mammalian cells for various tissue engineering and cultured meat applications.

Surfactants interaction with sulfathiazole: Spectroscopic, conductometric, and thermodynamic approach

Taking into the account the advantages of surfactant micelles as drug carrier, the interaction of sulfathiazole (STZ) with three types of surfactants, namely, cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and non-ionic t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (TX-100) has been studied by using UV–visible spectroscope and conductivity measurements. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), degree of ionization (α), counter ion binding constant (β), free energy change of micellization (ΔG0m), relative solubility (St/S0), STZ-surfactant interaction constant (θ), approximate number (n) of STZ molecules incorporated per micelle, heat capacity (ΔC0m), and transfer of thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed for both the systems. The CMC values of CTAB and SDS were found to decrease in presence of increasing STZ concentrations. The values of counter ions dissociation were also found to be dependent of temperature. The ΔG0m values are obtained to be negative of both systems. A comparison of the binding constants (KC) calculated from the Kawamura equation indicated that the solubilization tendency of STZ with CTAB is much higher than that with SDS micelles. However, this interaction was weak since no significant change in the micellization phenomenon was observed with TX-100 under our experimental conditions.

A novel pH-responsive wormlike micelles combinated sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) based on noncovalent electrostatic interaction

pH-Responsive wormlike micelles (WLMs) have attracted lots of attention due to their abundant advantages, for example, ease of adjustment and strong reversibility. We have learned that the degree of protonation of diethylenetriamine (DETA) varies with pH, and the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can connect with cationic groups. Inspired by this, a novel pH-responsive WLMs was prepared based on noncovalent electrostatic interaction with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and DETA at a molar ratio of 3:1. Properties of the SDS/DETA system were assessed from the aspects of rheology, macro-morphology, aggregates diameter, and micro-morphology. When the pH decreased from 9.98 to 6.80, the SDS/DETA system represented as a weak gel with the viscosity increasing from 7.6 mPa s to 1.4 × 103 mPa·s and the average hydrodynamic radius increasing from 5.6 to 91.3 nm. The phenomenon is attributed to the protonation of DETA when reducing the pH and the formation of WLMs based on electrostatic interaction between DETA and SDS. However, when pH was further reduced by adding HCl, the SDS/DETA system would reach its isoelectric point, thus the solution became turbid with low viscosity. The SDS/DETA solution represents excellent reversibility (at least three cycles) in viscoelasticity by adjusting the pH value, and such pH-responsive WLM holds significant potential for broader applications in biomedical, oilfield chemistry, and other fields.