Animals Of Second Group Research Articles

Harmful Impact of Dimethoate and Chloropyrfios on the Hematological Parameters in Male Rabbits

Dimethoate and chloropyrfios are two of widely used organophosphorus insecticides in agriculture. The irrational use of Dimethoata and chlyropyrfios in Libya play a crucial role in the occurrence of many diseases affecting plants, animals and the environment. The present work was conducted to investigate the alterations in hematological factors in male rabbits after orally administration a single dose of dimethoate (DM) by gavage at a dose of 43.2 mg/kg B.W/day (1/50 of DM) lethal dose and chloropyrfios by gavage at a dose of 33.3 mg/kg B.W/day (1/50 of CPF) lethal dose for 12-week. 15 Male Rabbits weighting (1.891  27.6 Kg)., were divided into 3 groups with 5 animals in each, first group served as control animals, they received 5 ml of corn oil, while animals in second group received Dimethoate, animals in third group received of chloropyrfios. Results indicated that treatment with Dimethoate and chloropyrfios caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in white blood cells (WBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), zpacked cell volume (PCV) and platelets. While, increase MCV, MCH, MCVH compared to control. The erythrocytes sedimentation rate highly significant increase in the blood of Dimethoate and chloropyrfios treated rabbits as compared to control.

Harmful impact of dimethoate and Chloropyrfios on the Hematological parameters in male rabbits

Dimethoate and chloropyrfios are two of widely used organophosphorus insecticides in agriculture. The irrational use of Dimethoata and chlyropyrfios in Libya play a crucial role in the occurrence of many diseases affecting plants, animals and the environment. The present work was conducted to investigate the alterations in hematological factors in male rabbits after orally administration a single dose of dimethoate (DM) by gavage at a dose of 43.2 mg/kg B.W/day (1/50 of DM) lethal dose and chloropyrfios by gavage at a dose of 33.3 mg/kg B.W/day (1/50 of CPF) lethal dose for 12-week. 15 Male Rabbits weighting (1.891-27.6 Kg)., were divided into 3 groups with 5 animals in each, first group served as control animals, they received 5 ml of corn oil, while animals in second group received Dimethoate, animals in third group received of chloropyrfios. Results indicated that treatment with Dimethoate and chloropyrfios caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in white blood cells (WBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), zpacked cell volume (PCV) and platelets. While, increase MCV, MCH, MCVH compared to control. The erythrocytes sedimentation rate highly significant increase in the blood of Dimethoate and chloropyrfios treated rabbits as compared to control. Keywords: Dimethoate; Chloropyrfios; Hematological parameters

Dynamics of nuclear-cytoplasmic relations in cardiomyocytes in the rat`s heart in the early postnatal period in normal conditions and experiment

Dexamethasone is administered to pregnant women with high risk of preterm delivery, but his impact during intrauterine development can program progression of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and a tendency to cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The aim of the study was to determine the changes of the nuclear-cytoplasmic relations (NCR) of cardiomyocytes (CMC) in the myocardium in the postnatal period after intrauterine administration of dexamethasone. 144 hearts of laboratory rats were studied from 1 to 45 days of life, which were divided into 3 groups: first — intact group, animals of second group were injected by 0.05 ml dexamethasone solution on the 18th day of intrauterine development, and III — control group. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Statistical evaluation was carried out with Mann-Whitney U-test. p<0,05 was accepted as statistically significant. It has been found that, the NCR increases 1.56-fold from birth till 14-th day and decreases 2.55-fold till 45-th day in the myocardium of the left ventricle. There changes correspond for the transition from a proliferative to a hypertrophic growth, which occurs on 14-th day after birth in the heart of rodents. In animals of the experimental group, the NCR was significantly increased at 3, 5, 21, 30, and 45, but decreased on the 14-th day (p<0,01) in comparison with control group. The maximum value of the index was observed on the 5-th day, which indicates on early terminal differentiation of CMC in experimental animals. Thus, intrauterine administration of dexamethasone leads to early maturation of CMC, which reduces their number and may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. In the future we plan to study the proliferative activity of CMC of rat`s heart in the postnatal period in normal conditions and after intrauterine administration of dexamethasone.

Хімічний, мінеральний і амінокислотний склад м’яса свиней за введення селеновмісних добавок у раціон

<p>The productivity of young pigs grown for meat and slaughter quality of their products was estimated at use of feed with different levels and sources of selenium. Pigs of large white breed were used for scientific experiment that was carried out by method of groups (pairs-analogues). The level of inorganic and organic selenium in the diets of experimental groups was regulated by the introduction of feed of sodium selenite and Sel-Plex. Part of selenium in mixed fodder of poultry control group was 0.07 mg/kg of dry matter and in the fodder of pigs of 2-th, 3-th, 4-th and 5-th research groups that were 0.2; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg of dry matter respectively. The animals of second group were administered in feed sodium selenite and 3, 4 and 5<sup>th</sup> – Sel-Plex. The feeding was done by group and feed was distributed twice – in morning and evening. It was proved introducing selenium in feed young pigs was improved the quality and biological value of meat. The inclusion of organic selenium at 0.3–0.4 mg/kg dry matter was contributed to increasing concentrations of selenium in meat by 36.8 and 48.0 %, copper – by 25.6 and 26.8, zinc – 20.8 and 21.3 % and was reduced the concentration of cadmium in 29.7–35.1 % mercury – in 18.8–19.2 % in meat. It was determined to trend to increasing of lead content in products slaughter of animals experimental groups. The use of sodium selenite compared to the organic compound is less positive impact on meat quality of pigs.</p>

PARACRINE REGULATORS IN DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS (pilot study)

Purpose – to evaluate effect of protein extracted from lengthened skeletal muscles on callus formation in dogs after tibia lengthening using Ilizarov method.Materials and methods. The authors studied properties of distraction callus formation in three groups of dogs after tibia lengthening by Ilizarov method. In the first group (n = 10) distraction was achieved at a rate of 1 mm in four stages during 28 days. In the second (n = 4) and third (n = 4) groups distraction was done at a rate of 1.5 mm in 6 stages per day within 20 days. Mean lengthening value in all groups amounted to 14,64±0,67% of the overall segment length. At the 10th day of distraction the authors introduced to animals of the second group into anterior tibial and gastrocnemius muscles of the lengthened segment at callus level the extract of sarcoplasmic proteins in amount of 1.5ml based on 1 mg of lyophilizate per 1 kg of body weight (protein concentration in injectate amounted to 30±2 gr/l). Animals in the third group received natural saline solution in the same manner. Extract consisted of lyophilized sarcoplasmic proteins harvested from anterior tibial muscle of animal at 14th day of lengthening by Ilizarov method (rate of 1 mm per day in 4 stages). Extraction was performed according to patented method (Russian Federation patent for invention №2476234) by consecutive muscle proteins sedimentation in KCl solutions of varied ionic strength. The lyophilizate was sterilized after obtaining and dissolved in normal saline solution prior to introduction.Results. Radiographic signs of anatomically solid callus in the first group were observed in the average at 33±1 day of fixation; in the second group – at 24±2 day; in the third group – at 39±3. Difference in mean values of fixation in animals of second group as compared to first and third groups was significant (р = 0,04). After extract introduction the animals of the second group demonstrated a greater growth of γ-globulins and α2-globulins fraction volumes.Conclusion. Skeletal muscles of limb segment lengthened by Ilizarov method produce specific factors that impact the process of distraction osteogenesis.

Dietary Supplementation of Rumen-Protected Methionine, Lysine and Choline Improves Lactation Performance and Blood Metabolic Profile of Karan-Fries Cows

Twenty seven crossbred (Karan-Fries) cows between second and fourth lactation with most probable production ability of around 4500 kg milk were divided into three similar groups. Animals in the Control group were offered with a basal diet consisting of threshed wheat straw, chopped green maize forage and compounded concentrate mixture as per their requirements. In addition to basal diet, animals in second group (rpMetLys) were fed with 5 g of rumen-protected methionine and 20 g of rumen-protected lysine, and in third group (rpCholine), 54 g of rumen-protected choline was supplemented 40 days before and 120 days after calving. Results revealed higher (P < 0.01) intake of various nutrients along with better body condition score in rpMetLys group. Furthermore, milk yield and milk component (fat, protein and lactose) yield were higher (P < 0.01) in both the treatment groups with higher (P < 0.01) milk choline concentration in rpCholine group. Monounsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in milk tended to be higher (P < 0.05) in rpCholine group. Plasma metabolites like glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, cholesterol and plasma urea nitrogen were similar among all groups. Concentration of triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins was lower (P < 0.01) in rpMetLys and rpCholine than Control group. However, phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E levels were higher (P < 0.01) in rpCholine than other two groups. Methionine levels were higher (P < 0.01) in rpMetLys and rpCholine groups, whereas lysine was increased (P < 0.01) only in the former. Moreover, days open (service period) was decreased (P < 0.01) in animals belonging to rpCholine group. It was concluded from the present study that supplementation of rpMetLys and rpCholine to high-yielding crossbred cows was beneficial in terms of improving milk yield, composition as well as metabolic health status during early lactation period under Indian situation.

Laceration in rat gastrocnemius. Following-up muscle repairing by ultrasound biomicroscopy (in vivo), contractility test (ex vivo) and histopathology.

Implement a laceration protocol of the rat lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and following-up its repair with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), contractility tests and histology. Sixty-three male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups. One, with sub-groups GI, GII and GIII (n=12), each containing right LG lacerated (n=6), control and sham (n=3) animals. LG muscles in GI, GII and GIII were inspected by UBM (40 MHz) immediately after, 14 and 28 days post-surgery and thereafter excised with four (GI), 14 (GII) and 28 (GIII) days post-surgery for histology. Animals in second group were distributed into right LG lacerated and control sub-groups. LG muscles in lacerated sub-group were submitted to contractility tests at four (n=8), 14 (n=8) and 28 (n=8) days post-surgery, while in the control sub-group (n=5) were submitted to contractility tests along the course of the experiments. Descriptive findings agreed between the lesion model, muscle repair, UBM images and histology. Contractility results for right LG were different (p<0.05) between control and injured muscle with four and 14 days post-surgery, at tetanic stimulating frequencies (50 and 70 Hz). A laceration protocol of the lateral gastrocnemius was implemented and ultrasound biomicroscopy, contractility and histology findings agreed regarding the following-up of injured muscle repair.

Evaluation of burn wound healing potential of aqueous extract of Morus alba based cream in rats

The present protocol was designed to compare the effects of Morus alba (MA) aqueous extract based cream on healing of burn wounds in rats. Fifty adult, male Wistar-albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as a sham control group. The animals in this group underwent shaving on the back without any burn injury. Burn was generated on the backs of all the rats in second, third, fourth and fifth group. The animals of second group served as burn injury control group and did not receive any treatment. The burned areas of the rats in the third, fourth and fifth groups were covered daily with a cream base, SSD cream and MA creasm (20% MA aqueous extract based cream) respectively. The percentage of wound contraction in a period of 11 days was observed, followed by observation in the period of epithelialization of the wound till the 21st day after injury. On the 21st day, the rats were sacrificed and the burn wound skin tissue samples were collected for histopathological examinations. Morphological and histo-pathological evaluations showed burn healing to be better in the MA and SSD groups with respect to the burn injury control group. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the MA cream treated group had a significantly better rate of burn wound healing than the SSD group. In conclusion, application of MA cream (20% MA aqueous extract based cream) proved to be highly effective in healing burn related skin wounds in the rat model.

Effect of Vitamin A and C on some physiological parameters of rabbits in Iraq

Twenty four male rabbits were used in this experiments 6 weeks of age with average of 700-750 g, divided in to four equal groups (6 rabbits each). Animals of second group was equally injected with vitamin A, animals third group injection with 700 mg/kg vitamin C, animals fourth group injection with 3000 IU vitamin A + 700 mg vitamin C and animals of first group was the control groups. Every two week were weight, noticed increased in weight but not significant in the average body weight of the rabbits that injected with vitamin A from the other groups, but when we tacked the blood plasma from the rabbits after six weeks from the beginning of the experiments noticed significant increased p&lt;0.05 in white blood cells number (6.20±0.69), hemoglobin concentration (12.11±0.01), red blood cells (4.43±0.03), platelets (305.6±12.91). however, decrease in packed cell volume (38.51±0.28) in animals groups injected by mixed vitamin A&amp;C. Although, noticed non-significant increased in total protein (6.29±0.13), globulin (2.66±0.26) in animals were injected with vitamin A&amp;C increased in average albumin, and decreased in globulin in animals were injected with vitamin A, however, increase in SAST &amp; SALT enzymes, creatinine (1.37±0.16) and urea (40.34±1.15) in animals groups injected with vitamin A, also increase non significant in cholesterol (98.43±2.82) and total lipid ( 14.96±1.82) in animals were injected with vitamin A and C.

Potential galactogogues effect of Silymarin: An experimental study in female rats

The study aimed to evaluate the galactogogues effect of Silymarin in pregnant and lactating female rats. A total of 72 pregnant female Wistar rats randomly divided into 3 groups (24 rats of each). Rats in first group used as control, received drinking water daily for 14 days from 8th day of gestation till the delivery, while the animals in second group, received Metoclopramide (5mg\kg\day) as the same period. In addition to Silymarin group (treatment group) received Silymarin (200 mg\kg\day) as the same period. Dams’ body weights have been monitored throughout the pregnancy. At the first day of parturition, litter weights have been measured, and (8) animals of each groups were sacrificed, blood sample were collected to measure the serum prolactin level. In addition, the litters were allocated in to (8) litters per lactated dam. Then each group sub divided in to two sub groups A and B according to continue or discontinue of received drugs, for 11days from parturition. Silymarin in a dose (200mg\kg) was significantly increase litters body weight and serum prolactin level in pregnant female rat (p&lt; 0.05) in compared with control and Metoclopramide groups. Silymarin and Metoclopramide during the eleventh day of lactation registered significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in their serum prolactin concentration, litters weight gain compared with that stopped in receiving the treatment in the same group, whereas control subgroups revealed no significant (P&gt;0.05) differences when compared with each other. It can be concluded that Silymarin has potential glactogoguse effect and enhance milk production

The effect of semen collection method and level of egg yolk on capability of dilution and storage of buck semen

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of semen collection method for reduction of the deleterious interaction between the enzymes of bulbourethral gland and egg yolk during the dilution and storage of buck semen by three different level of egg yolk. Ten bucks were used in this study; the bucks were divided into two groups (five bucks in each group). Semen samples were collected once a week for four weeks from the bucks in first group using an artificial vagina, and from the animals in second group using an electroejaculator. The collected semen samples were diluted with sodium citrate extender with three different level of egg yolk (5, 10 and 20%). Extend semen samples were stored at 5 °C for three days. Computer assisted sperm analysis and Sperm Class Analyzer® were used for evaluation of the buck semen samples. Sperm motility parameters were evaluated which includes; percentage of motile sperm, percentage of progressive motile sperm, the value of the linear velocity (VSL), the value of the average velocity (VAP), the value of the curvilinear velocity (VCL), and the amplitude of lateral movement of the head (ALH). Results showed that all sperm motility parameters under the different level of egg yolk in semen samples that collected by artificial vagina were significantly higher than those which collected by electroejaculator. The percentage of motile sperm and progressive motile sperm of samples that collected by artificial vagina were higher at 10% of egg yolk, while these motility parameters were higher at 5% of egg yolk for semen samples that collected by electroejaculator. The differences between the two methods of semen collection in VCL and ALH were clear and the values were higher in samples that collected using the artificial vagina. The values of VSL, VAP and VCL of semen samples that collected by artificial vagina were higher at the second day than first day of semen storage under 10% of egg yolk. In conclusion, there are effects of the semen collection method on ability of dilution and storage of buck semen, and using of artificial vagina and 10% of egg yolk is recommended for buck semen dilution and storage.

Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on electrocardiograms of guinea pigs

This study was carried out to determine the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by cellular phones (CPs) on electrocardiograms (ECGs) of guinea pigs. A total of 30 healthy guinea pigs weighing 500-800 g were used. After 1 week of adaptation period, animals were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 10) and EMF-exposed group (n = 20). Control guinea pigs were housed in a separate room without exposing them to EMFs of CPs. Animals in second group were exposed to 890-915 MHz EMF (217 Hz of pulse rate, 2 W of maximum peak power and 0.95 wt kg(-1) of specific absorption rate) for 12 h day(-1) (11 h 45 min stand-by and 15 min speaking mode) for 30 days. ECGs of guinea pigs in both the groups were recorded by a direct writing electrocardiograph at the beginning and 10th, 20th and 30th days of the experiment. All ECGs were standardized at 1 mV = 10 mm and with a chart speed of 50 mm sec(-1). Leads I, II, III, lead augmented vector right (aVR), lead augmented vector left (aVL) and lead augmented vector foot (aVF) were recorded. The durations and amplitudes of waves on the trace were measured in lead II. The data were expressed as mean with SEM. It was found that 12 h day(-1) EMF exposure for 30 days did not have any significant effects on ECG findings of guinea pigs. However, this issue needed to be further investigated in a variety of perspectives, such as longer duration of exposure to be able to elucidate the effects of mobile phone-induced EMFs on cardiovascular functions.

The Protective Role of crude Polyphenolic Compounds Extracted from black Olive fruit (Oleaeuropae ) on Liver Functions in Males Rats Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide

This study was conducted to investigate the protective role of polyphenolic compounds extracted from olive (Oleaeuropae) to contrast the damaging effects of 1% hydrogen peroxide on liver functions in male rats. Crude polyphenolic compounds were extracted from fruits of black olive by 95% methanolic extraction method. Twenty adult male rats (200-220gm.) were randomly divided into four equals groups and treated daily for 30 days. Rats in the first group received tap water (orally)and considered as control group, animals of second group received 1% H2O2 in drinking water . The rats in the third group received 1% H2O2 in drinking water plus 200mg/kgB.W. of crude polyphenolic compounds while animals in the fourth group received 200mg/kg B.W. of crude polyphenoliccompounds. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken to investigate the activity of liver enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), concentration of total serum bilirubin, as well as protein picture of blood serum by using agarose gel electrophoresis. Ultimately, animals of all groups were sacrified to examine the histopathological changes in liver. The results illustrated significant increase (P&lt;0.05) in liver enzymes activity (AST,ALT) and total serum bilirubin in H2O2 treated group as compared with control. Although rats treated polyphenolic compounds of olive plus H2O2 showed significant decrement (P&lt;0.05) in ALT activity and total serum bilirubin, while no significant alteration in (AST) activity was recorded in H2O2 treated group. The result also demonstrated significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in authority of ALT, total serum bilirubin in animals treated with polyphenolic compounds. Serum proteins showed a significant (P&lt;0.05) decreament of albumin percentage and increment of globulins in H2O2 treated group as well as polyphenolic compounds treated group as compared with control group (G1) . However, no significant different in group treated with polyphenolic compounds as compared with control. Histological sections of liver illustrated clear impact of group treated with H2O2, manifested by necrosis of hepatic cells with infiltration of inflammatory cells while animals treated with polyphenolic compounds plus H2O2 revealed slight infiltration of inflammatory cells with proliferation of kupffer cells in liver. In infereance, the autcomes of this study documented the advantageous effect of crude polyphenolic compounds of olive apposite the noxious effect of H2o2 on liver function of adult males rats.

Effects of Shock Waves on Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Enzyme and Element Levels in Kidney of Rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on kidney oxidative stress and trace element levels of adult rats. Twelve male Wistar albino rats were divided equally into two groups. First group was used as control. The right-side kidneys of animals in second group were treated with 2,000 18-kV shock waves under anesthesia. Localization of the right kidney was achieved following contrast medium injection through a tail vein under flouroscopy control. The animals were sacrificed 72h after the ESWL treatment, and the kidneys were taken. Malondialdehyde level was higher in the ESWL group than in the control. Reduced glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were lower in the ESWL group than those of the control. Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Cd, and Ni levels were lower in the ESWL group than in the control, although Mg level was higher in the ESWL group than in the control. In conclusion, the result of the present study indicated that ESWL treatment produced oxidative stress in the kidney and caused impairments on the antioxidant and trace element levels in the kidneys of rats.

A study of ovarian autotransplantation without vascular a pedicle in rats

The study aimed to determine effects of FSH applications on follicle survival, development and hormone output and antigenicity of rat ovarian tissue autografts placed at subcutaneous or subperitoneal sites. A total of sixteen female rats were used in the study. The animals were divided into three groups. Ovaries were dissected and then transplanted under the peritoneum in the first group animals (n = 5) or under the skin in the second group animals (n = 6). And the animals in the third group (n = 5) were sham operated. Following operations, intramuscular injection of 8 IU of rhFSH were made daily to the animals in first and second groups from the first day of operation through thirty days. Vaginal irrigation samples were prepared daily from the animals for 30 days. The concentrations of serum estradiol and antiovarian antibodies in the blood were determined using ELISA on the last day of vaginal irrigations. Histopathological examination of the ovaries that were transplanted was made. Results showed that cyclic variations were noticed in the samples of vaginal irrigation by day 30 in the animals of first and second groups. However, no significant differences were seen between groups. The concentration of blood serum estradiol was higher in the animals of first group. Decrease in numbers of primary follicles were found in the animals of second group and lesser corpus luteum were found in the animals of control group on the histopathological examinations of transplanted ovaries. All rats in the first and second groups were defined as seropositive for antiovarian antibodies. When the OD values were compared between first and second groups, it was identified that the OD values of rats in the first group was higher than it was seen in the second group. The ovarian transplantation without vascular pedicle in rats is characterized by follicular hyperplasia endocrinologically functional. Being seropositive of all rats in first and second groups in terms of antiovarian antibodies is an indicator to these antibodies does not affect the functions of transplanted ovaries. It is believed that the highness of OD values in the group which is transplanted beneath the peritoneum is based on the highness of estradiol concentrations in these animals.

Survival of dogs following section of carotid and vertebral arteries.

Summary1. In a group of 7 dogs, the common carotid and vertebral arteries were doubly ligated and sectioned. In a second group of 7 dogs, common carotids were cut in 2 animals, vertebral arteries in another 2, vertebrals and internal carotids in another 2, and common carotids and one vertebral in one dog. 2. Animals in both groups survived 4 months from August to December, 1959. Heart rates, body temperatures and eye-grounds remained essentially normal in animals of both groups. Of dogs in the first group (carotid and vertebral arteries cut), in-telligence and alertness appear somewhat impaired, and physical condition is poor, with marked emaciation, hair loss, and edema of the extremities. All animals in second group appear normal in all respects. 3. The presence of known arterial anastomoses makes complete cerebral anemia most unlikely following section of both common carotid and both vertebral arteries in the dog. It is concluded that permanent interruption of the carotid and vertebral arterial supply ...