Animal World Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF NOCTUDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) AND THEIR ENTOMOPHAGES IN AREAS OF NATURAL DISASTER IN SIRDARYA REGION

At present, due to the rapid development of the world, anthropogenic factors, and the impact of natural disasters, many tric organisms are disappearing or their mutual relations are being disturbed. As a result of floods, windstorms, and rains in Jokhan, a lot of animal world has been destroyed and the natural balance of their biocenosis has been destroyed, some species have disappeared, and pests have multiplied. In this article, on May 1, 2020, a natural disaster occurred due to the flooding of the Sardoba reservoir due to heavy rainfall in the Syrdarya region. As a result, water overflowed from the "Sardoba Reservoir" dam in the Sardoba district of the Syrdarya region, and a number of settlements, social sector objects, agricultural crops, including grain, cotton fields and other crops in the Sardoba, Aqoltin and Mirzaabad districts were severely damaged, resulting in a change in biodiversity. dedicated.

Legal Protection of Geodiversity

The article examines the legal protection of geodiversity (a set of objects of inanimate nature), which is carried out within the framework of the legal regime of specially protected natural territories, the legal regime of historical and cultural monuments, as well as the legal protection of the habitat of animal world. The necessity of including state nature reserves in the list of specially protected natural territories around which protection zones are established is substantiated. The absence or late establishment of protected zones has been revealed for many natural monuments of regional significance (including natural monuments of regional significance as part of the geopark), which, according to current legislation, should have protected zones, and recommendations for changing legislation have been formulated. It is shown that it is impossible to create a geopark in an area where only objects of archaeological heritage with geological significance and their ensembles are located without including specially protected natural territories of geological and other profile in the geopark. It is proved that the legal protection of the speleofauna habitat is an element of the legal protection of geodiversity. In order to preserve the excursion caves, it is proposed to normalize the duration of artificial lighting from stationary sources located in them.

НА ЗВЕРИНОЙ ТРОПЕ. РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА КНИГУ: ФЕДУНИНА О.В. КРИМИНАЛЬНЫЙ БЕСТИАРИЙ: ЗВЕРЬ - ТЕКСТ - ЖАНР. ТУЛА: АКВАРИУС, 2023. 148 С.

The review considers the monograph “Criminal bestiary: beast – text – genre” by O.V. Fedunina, in which, through the prism of philological systematization and interpretation in a genre key, cases of the appearance in criminal literature of various hypostases and functions of representatives of the animal world are considered and comprehended.

Бестиарные образы у Федериго Тоцци («Звери» и «Закрыв глаза»)

Observation of animals in the works of Federigo Tozzi, one of the greatest modernist writers in 20th-century Italian literature, primarily holds ontological significance. According to the writer’s beliefs, it is the only way to approach the mystery of creation, the meaning of which is, at the same time, unknowable. Initiation into this mystery unites humans with the world of nature and its representatives. It deters them from the arrogance associated with the illusion of the superiority of human civilization over other forms of life. In the book Beasts, the exploration of the enigmatic life of nature through encounters with animals opens for the lyrical hero the path to understanding his soul. The appearance of animals in 69 scenes can carry a different semantic load. At times, animals serve as a reminder that the lyrical hero is not allowed access to the secret of existence. Occasionally, they rescue the hero from perilous dreams and bring him back to reality. By emphasizing bestial traits in the characters of his novels and stories, Tozzi aims to align them with representatives of the animal world. In the novel With Closed Eyes, people reveal themselves as beasts who have lost their connection with nature and inner harmony. Essentially, the joyless existence of the novel’s characters has as little value for them as the lives of the animals they torment.

ШКАЛА ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ОБЕСПОКОЕННОСТИ У. ШУЛЬЦА: АДАПТАЦИЯ И ВАЛИДИЗАЦИЯ

In order to advance the field of environmental psychology and gain a more profound understanding in the determinants for pro-environmental behavior in the Russian context, it is essential to increase existing research methodology. Therefore, the goal of this study was to adapt and validate the Environmental Concern Scale developed by Schultz in 2001. The methodology was developed based on the value nature of attitude and deals with evaluations of the importance of environmental consequences for oneself, others, and the animal world (egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric concern). Data from three studies which used slightly different question formulations (1333 respondents in total) were analyzed to investigate the three-factor structure of the scale. The tested 12 items of the scale full version showed satisfactory fit with the empirical data. Based on the analysis of covariance and factor loadings, one question was removed for each type of concern. After reduction, the scale showed good model fit, and its factors showed high internal consistency. Importantly, the analysis of the results for the extended formulations did not significantly differ from the abbreviated versions. Consequently, the final version of the concern scale is presented with questions devoid of additional specifications. The convergent validity of the scale was confirmed by the constructs of values and nature connectedness. It was found that all forms of concern were higher in women compared to men. Furthermore, biospheric and altruistic concerns increased with respondents' age and were higher among residents of Russian regions compared to inhabitants of Moscow and Saint-Petersburg.

„[J]ak to dobrze – śmiać się, płakać” – nazwy dźwięków wydawanych przez świat ożywiony w poezji Stanisławy Plewińskiej

This paper aims to explore the names of sounds emanating from the animate world. The names have been semantically stratified and divided into the following two groups: HUMAN – NON-HUMAN. The HUMAN group includes names of sounds produced by humans as biological beings, as sentient and talking beings, as working beings, and as creative and social beings. The NON-HUMAN group contains the names of sounds produced by animals and plants.

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACE AND WATER NAMES OF THE ABAY DISTRICT

The article describes the place-names of the Abay region, the factors affecting the formation of regional toponymy, the ethno linguistic character of geographical names. Names of places and waters are a clear reflection of people's customs, way of life, history and culture.In this article, the issue of considering regional toponyms in close connection with the worldview of the nation is put forward.The continuity of the past and the present of any country is reflected through its place and water names - toponyms.The names of the places and waters of the Kazakh country reveal the centuries-old history of the people.For this reason, the study of place names has become one of the most urgent issues today due to the fact that many toponyms have been changed and forgotten in the "various" times of our country. In this regard, the fact that many toponyms in the mentioned region were created in connection with historical events and specific situations, the names of people, the animal world, the type and color of the geographical environment, and natural phenomena were analyzed and considered in detail with examples in the article.

Віктор Архипчук: дослідник мисливської фауни, знавець біології зайців

An essay about a researcher who devoted his entire life to theriological studies and rose from a graduate student at the Academic Institute of Zoology to an official at the Ministry of Ecology. As an employee of a hunting laboratory, he worked on the topic of reproduction and growth of hares in captivity, and his publications cover the period from 1972 to 1998. He collected a significant osteological collection, which is most likely lost. In his older age, he was concerned with nature conservation and was among the authors of the manual ‘Protection of the Animal World’ (1992) and the secretary of the editorial board of the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009).

The interrelation of natural diversity with tourism in Kosovo

Abstract The plant and animal wealth of a place, region, or state represents a significant component of the geographic-natural tourist offer. Tourist routes are concentrated specifically on areas with a variety of plants, rich vegetation, and diverse animal world. The Balkan Peninsula in general, and Kosovo in particular, is characterized by high geodiversity and biodiversity value. This feature can serve as an important recreational and tourism potential for Kosovo and, consequently, in sustainable tourism development. For this reason, this article deals with the content of natural diversity, the size and time of introduction of geo and biodiversity values under protection, and, above all, it brings arguments if the same contributed to the increase of tourist motivation for local and foreign tourists. Results were achieved using both quantitative and qualitative methods, with the latter being more effective in the lack of the formal system of data collection and tourism management in Kosovo. According to official statistics, protected areas (PAs) of Kosovo occupy roughly 12% of the total area (2021). There was a significant rise (8%), from 4.26 to 12.25% in 2003 in the last 20 years (2021). The study shows that this desirable level of representation did not attract enough tourists. Furthermore, it is argued that immediate reformation of policies is required for the management of natural diversity values of the country. In order to achieve this, the government must implement more comprehensive measures in order to manage PAs more intricately, where the interaction with tourism is a key issue and not just a simple one, as it has been up until now.

Potensi Ekstrak Spirulina sp. Sebagai Imunostimulan Pada Bidang Akuakultur

Aquaculture is an important industry that plays a role in meeting the world's animal protein needs. One of the main challenges in aquaculture is maintaining the health of cultivated aquatic organisms. Spirulina, a type of nutrient-rich blue-green microalgae, has garnered attention as a natural immunostimulant capable of enhancing the immune system of aquatic organisms. This article explains the immunostimulant properties of spirulina, including the bioactive compounds it contains, such as polysaccharides, proteins, photosynthetic pigments, and lipopolysaccharides. These compounds can boost the production of immune cells and phagocytic activity, which can help aquatic organisms combat pathogens. Furthermore, the article discusses the potential benefits of using spirulina extract in aquaculture, including increased resistance to diseases, faster growth, and improved nutritional quality of aquatic organisms. However, there are also challenges to address, such as determining the appropriate dosage and optimal application methods. This article contributes to the understanding of how spirulina extract can be utilized to enhance the health and productivity of aquatic organisms in aquaculture. With further research and the development of improved application methods, the potential of spirulina extract as an immunostimulant in aquaculture can be more fully realized, helping to meet the increasing global demand for protein.

Ecumenical animal studies

The presented text is located at the intersection of theology and philosophy with a particular focus on the study of human-animal relations in scientific terms (human animal studies). The author refers to a new research sub-discipline that deals with the place of animals in the Christian history of salvation. The premise of the research is to organize the conceptual apparatus and critically reflect on the validity of the use of the terms ecotheology/animal theology and justify their ecumenical meaning.
 In his research, the author takes a polycentric view of the world (bio – zoo – anthropo –) recognizing that all living beings have intrinsic value and are valuable in themselves, while man is one of many equal elements of the created world.
 The purpose of the analyses is to determine the place of animals in Christian ecumenical theology. A comparative methodology was applied in capturing the ecotheological reflection of basic Christian denominations (Catholicism, Orthodoxy, Protestantism). An objective and reliable reflection on the attitude of these faiths to the world of animals was assumed, especially in view of the constantly recurring thought antagonizing these faiths. The subject matter of the study is part of the considerations in the field of ecotheology, which are carried out mainly by Western scholars in relation to Catholic and Protestant theology, less frequently in the East.

ФОЛЬКЛОРНІ МОТИВИ ІСТОРИЧНИХ РОМАНІВ ІВАНА КОРСАКА

The article examines the folklore elements from creative work of the modern Ukrainian writer Ivan Korsak, namely the historical novels «The Conqueror of Europe», «The Crown of Yurij II», «The Finger-ring of Hanna Barvinok». The tradi-tional meaning of folklore symbols and their interpretation in I. Korsak’s novels are compared. The functions of excerpts of folklore texts are included in the novel «The Finger-ring of Hanna Barvinok» have been clarifi ed.Folklore, folk beliefs, and traditions have been the basis of fi ction since their inception. In modern Ukrainian literature, folklore expresses ancient national identity.The creativity of the Ukrainian writer Ivan Korsak represents the implementation of folklore elements in a fi ction with the aim of expressing the national and mental component. Ivan Korsak’s novels are used for traditional folk ideas about the animal and plant world. Ornithological images have a symbolic meaning. In Ivan Korsak’s historical novels, the bird performs the function of a mediator, that is, an intermedi-ary between heaven and earth. Defi cation of nature, spiritualization and endowment with extraordinary, sometimes mystical properties is a characteristic of the Ukrainian mentality. It is usually embodied in dreams, delusions, visions.Folk creativity is the basis of the depiction of national identity in the literary style of I. Korsak. This is important for the novel «The Finger-ring of Hanna Barvinok». This is related to the literary and folklore activity of Oleksandra Bilozerska, because it has known that her work belongs to the ethnographic and domestic school. The de-tailed depiction of Hanna Barvinok’s folkloristic activities in the novel is also testifi es to its importance for the general idea of the work.The article proves that folklore expresses national identity in Ivan Korsak’s nov-els. Author uses traditional folk symbols and beliefs, as well as world religious my-thology in creative works. Excerpts from Ukrainian folk songs and legends recorded in the novel «The Finger-ring of Hanna Barvinok» show the great importance of Oleksandra Bilozerska’s folklore activity

Cnoty samic w De natura animalium Eliana

The Virtues of the Female in Aelian’s De natura animalium In De natura animalium, Aelian describes the animal world in a manner that succumbs to the tendency to anthropomorphize that is rooted in the human mind – a phenomenon currently widely discussed in ethological and cognitive research. The author observes a female animal seeing in her the features of a woman. However, Aelian’s understanding is not superficial. At the same time, he tries to penetrate the perceptual environment of the male of a particular species and look at the female through his eyes. In some cases, the male animal analyzes the behaviour of a female, e.g., his female owner. In Aelian’s work, natural observations overlap with the author’s moral reflections (personal and as a product of his era) creating a set of virtues that could be assigned to the female sex. In the approach proposed by Aelian, these virtues are not always stereotypical, because apart from female virtues that are obvious in ancient culture, there are also less obvious ones: physical strength and courage, independence, speed in action, activity, as well as beauty that is a product of splendour. In De natura animalium, the traditional catalogue positive features attributed to the female sex seen through the prism of natural observations is modified.

Legal, scientific, informational and ideological measures to ensure sustainable use of wildlife objects: russian and foreign experience

This article deals with the ecological education as an important means in the process of animal world preser-vation. Legal education is supposed to form a high level of legal awareness and legal culture among citizens and society. The result of legal education should be regarded in knowledge, citizens’ respectful attitude to the current legislation. According to this article, a high level of legal culture and legal education will allow everyone to realize the need to preserve the biodiversity of wild animals for the present and future generations. Based on the analysis of certain provisions of the legislation on the animal world and law enforcement practice, the article states that there is no comprehensive system of legal measures for the sustainable use of wildlife in Russia. The legal, economic, ideological, organizational measures proposed in this article will make it possible to achieve such use of the animal world that will preserve and increase the number of wild animal popula-tions, maintain ecological balance, and ensure satisfaction of the needs of present and future generations in a favorable environment. The measures proposed will create a legal basis for sustainable management of the animal world. These measures will be useful in the development of national programs for the sustainable use of wildlife, strengthening the dialogue of the authorities with the population to involve them in the process of sustainable use of wildlife objects in order to ensure a balance of economic, environmental and social interests.

«Nudi trasfigurati da una strana metamorfosi» La scultura di Alberto Viani intorno alla metà degli anni Quaranta

The essay examines a group of Alberto Viani’s sculptures, created around the mid-1940s, and characterized by a surrealist declination of the theme of ‘metamorphosis’. In this surrealist context, the theme of ‘metamorphosis’ is interpreted as a hybridization of the human figure with the vegetal, animal and mechanical world. Moreover, the essay intends, on one hand to identify the various visual sources used by the sculptor, on the other, it aims to define the importance of the theme of ‘metamorphosis’ itself. In particular it reflects on the interpretations proposed by the different artists studied by the sculptor (such as Hans Arp, Pablo Picasso, André Masson, Renato Birolli), and the role they played on the imaginative freedom, in an abstract sense, of Viani’s oeuvre.

Владимир Георгиевич Ищенко (1938 – 2021) – памяти екатеринбургского петербуржца

This paper is dedicated to the history of the life path and scientific biography of Vladimir Georgievich Ishchenko, the founder of the national amphibian population ecology. He was born in 1938 and formed as a biologist in Leningrad, where he took his first steps in science under the guidance of Pavel Viktorovich Terentyev. In 1961, after graduating from the university, he moved to work in Sverdlovsk, at the Institute of Biology of the Ural Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he rose from a laboratory assistant to a leading researcher, Doctor of Biological Sciences and worked until his retirement on November 30, 2018. It was in Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg from 1723 to 1924 and after 1991) Vladimir Georgievich for a long period (39 years of regular continuous monitoring), conducted research to study the dynamics of the number and age structure of the amphibian population (pointed frog) in the Urals. The area of scientific interests of Vladimir Georgievich covered population ecology, genetic diversity, phylogeny and taxonomy of animals, the state of populations and the protection of the animal world. His work has made a significant contribution to understanding the ecological mechanisms of ontogeny regulation in animals.

Parasite fauna of sand and stone sculpins (scorpaeniformes, cottidae) from lake Baikal (review of research results and prospects of investigations)

A revision of the composition of parasites of two widely distributed in Baikal species of cottoid fish - the sand ( Leocottus kesslerii Dybowski, 1874) and the stone ( Paracottus knerii Dybowskii, 1874) sculpins was performed. This composition includes 60 species and subspecies of parasites belonging to 10 types, 12 classes, 14 orders, 24 families and 32 genera. It is represented by 21 endemic taxa of species and subspecies rank: these are blood parasites - trypanosomes and cryptobia (2), myxosporidia (5), infusoria (7), monogeneans (1), nematodes (2), acanthocephales (1), leeches (2) and crustaceans (1). Comparison of the parasite fauna of sand and stone sculpins with that of the families Abyssocottidae and Comephoridae showed that most of all this fauna is closely related to the parasite fauna of the family Abyssocottidae. Revision of the parasite composition of two widely distributed fish in Baikal in the light of modern data has identified a number of important problems in the study of fish parasites of this reservoir. Since there has been a transformation of views on the taxonomy of individual groups, new information has been obtained on morphology, molecular biology, biochemistry, life cycles and distribution in the plant and animal world, it is necessary to continue the study of Baikal parasites by modern methods.

СПОСОБИ НОМІНАЦІЇ ДИКИХ ТВАРИН У НІМЕЦЬКИХ ПАРЕМІЯХ

The present article discusses the ways of nomination of wild animals in German paremias. Wild animals are free beings living in the natural environment and representing three parts of the World Tree: upper, middle and lower. The upper part is associated with birds, the middle – with animals, the lower – with insects, fi sh, amphibians, arthropods, reptiles, and molluscs. Indeterminate creatures are also associated with the lower tier. Paremia is defi ned through the prism of a small form of folk poetic creativity – a proverb and a saying that summarizes the history, culture, experience, and wisdom of the Germanic-German ethnos about the animal world. This testifi es to the fact that paremias belong to ancient written records. A feature of Germanic paremias is their use of the so-called initial rhyme, with the help of which alliteration is created. The remains of the initial rhyme are recorded, for example, at the beginning of words with the sound b (Bär bleibt Bar <…>), f (Den Fuchs muss man mit Füchsen fangen) or with the phoneme ʃ (In der schönsten Haut steckt die gefährlichste Schlange), etc. M.D. Stepanovaʼs theory of word formation was chosen to study the ways of naming wild animals in German paremias. This theory makes it possible to diff erentiate the ways of word formation, systematize their means, reconstruct models, outline the paradigm of grammatical suffi xes and infl ections, word forms, trace the word-forming rules or laws of language that regulate the use of methods of forming the names of wild animals. The methodological base of the proposed study combines general scientifi c and special scientifi c methods. It was found that the conceptual and terminological apparatus correlates with the dominant linguistic paradigm, national scientifi c traditions and the subject of the study. It was established that the register of wild animals is more diverse than that of domestic animals, and it was found that the method of nomination of wild animals is infl uenced by non-linguistic and linguistic factors. The role of language factors in the creation of the phenomenon was assessed to a greater extent. According to the type of word-forming form, the names of wild animals in German paremias are conventionally classifi ed into four varieties: 1) root, 2) derived, 3) complex, 4) compound, 5) sentence. The root method of word formation dominates; word formation resonates with syntactic constructions, i.e. it is subject to grammatical laws that generalize from the individual and specific. Key words: wild animals, method of nomination, paremia, root words, derived words, complex words, compound words.

Rotitome-G: Principles and design concept of experimental compliant continuum robotic microsurgical endoscopic sarcotome for pixel/voxel-level target access neurosurgery

The practice of minimal access surgery is widely accepted, and it has become prevalent with improved endoscope design. The traditional microscope in neurosurgery is gradually being challenged by the neuro-endoscope for its direct co-axial vision and direct illumination of the deep set subcortical pathology. The conceptualized design of Rotitome-G is based on compliant continuum robotic system. The system is a biomimicry of muscular hydrostat anatomy of the elephant trunk, a plant tendril, and many similar structures in the animal world with an infinite degree of freedom. The article describes the functional anatomy of these structures and the extensor expansion of the human finger as applied to the construction and implementation of the Rotitome-G. This flexible microsurgical endoscope integral to its design has unique cutting tool versions and multiple assistive tools passed through single ‘target access’ burr hole aperture. It is navigable within the surgical space co-relative to the image space to increase precision and improve the volume of tumour resection. The current study is theoretical and further work is in progress to assess its surgical capabilities to bring it to the clinical arena.

Structural-Semantic Types of Modern Armenian and English Two-Component Verbal Phraseological Units

Keywords and phrases։verb of analytical structure, verb-particle construction, phrasal verb,non-verbal component, meaning, comparison. Both Armenian and English are rich in these units. Verbs of analytical structure in both languages can be divided into two groups: analytical verbs that don’t have phraseological meaning and those that possess it. The study of verbal phraseologicalunits provides an opportunity to better understand the similarities and differences between languages, cultures and character of peoples. In this article, we have conducted a thorough examination and categorization of substantial groups of Armenian and English two-component verbal PUs based on the semantic attributes of their non-verbal components. Our analysis has employed both comparative and analytical methods. Based on the interpretations of the non-verbal component, two-component verbal phraseological units (PUs) can be categorized into several discernible groups. These groups encompass PUs in which the non-verbal component pertains to the human body or body parts, the psychological and intellectual facets of human cognition, as well as physical capabilities, distinct characteristics, emotional expressions, interpretations of various natural occurrences, various natural phenomena, the animal world, food, place and direction. A substantial proportion of two-component verbal PUs has equivalence in the languages under consideration. Such correspondences often emanate from shared cognitive patterns across different cultures, analogous worldviews, and common interpretations of diverse phenomena. In certain instances, these PUs may also manifest as linguistic loans. However, it is noteworthy that numerous two-component verbal PUs are inherently language-specific, lacking direct counterparts in the language under consideration.