Weight Gain Of Animals Research Articles

What is the impact of neutral detergent fibre digestibility on productive performance of beef cattle fed tropical forages?

Our objective was to quantify the relationship between total neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility and nutritional and productive characteristics in cattle fed tropical forages using a meta-analytical approach. The dataset used to develop this work was compiled from 24 experiments carried out with beef cattle in Brazil, published between 2005 and 2020, and totalising 115 treatment means. All the experiments were carried out using change-over designs and included a control treatment (i.e., only forage). There was a linear and positive relationship (P<0.01) between total NDF digestibility and voluntary forage intake. We estimated a 0.17 g/kg body weight increase in forage intake for each percentage point (i.e., 0.01 g/g) of improvement in NDF digestibility. On average, increasing total NDF digestibility caused a linear improvement (P<0.01) in rumen microbial nitrogen production (NMIC) and in dietary digested organic matter (DOM). The total NDF digestibility was linear and positively associated with nitrogen balance (NB, P<0.01). However, the increment in NB as a response to total NDF digestibility was more prominent as dietary NDF decreased (P<0.01). In summary, we concluded that increasing NDF digestibility in cattle fed tropical forage-based diets improves the voluntary forage intake and the supply of energy and metabolisable protein. This simultaneous effect causes an increase in the animal's nitrogen accretion and weight gain, but this effect will be more prominent as the dietary content of neutral detergent fibre decreases.

Justification of design-mode parameters separating device

In Kazakhstan, the basis of the country's food security is livestock products. Increasing the production of livestock products is impossible without creating a strong feed base, high-quality preparation of feed, rational use and reduction of feed losses. Preparation of coarse stem feed for feeding requires grinding with feed grinding and mixing machines to obtain balanced feed mixtures. The grinding process is complicated by the fact that, along with coarse stem feed, foreign solid impurities enter, which damage the cutting organs of machines and cause a long shutdown of the entire feed preparation line, disruption of the feeding schedule, and reduction in animal weight gain and milk yield. These problems are of particular relevance in the development of small farms with a low level of mechanization. The authors have developed a device for separating foreign solid impurities from coarse stem feeds, the novelty of which is confirmed by a patent for an invention of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article theoretically substantiates the influence of the design and operating parameters of the separating device for cleaning stem feed from foreign solid impurities. To separate foreign solid impurities from bound materials, such as stem feed, the most effective are separators with working bodies in the form of an air flow. In separators of this type, differences in the totality of physical and mechanical properties are used to separate foreign impurities from stem feeds. This approach makes it possible to achieve better separation by mechanical devices and expect their development towards the use of as many combinations of the distinctive properties of the separated components as possible.

Advanced Statistical Optimization for Enhanced Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Production

In recent years, the development of feed ingredients with natural additives has gained significant importance in increasing the health and quality of animal products, as well as in promoting weight gain in animals. Since Salmonella infection is a significant disease that transmits from animals to humans, the inhibition of Salmonella species can be achieved particularly through the improvement of gastrointestinal metabolism in chickens. At this point, the effectiveness of using MCFA (Medium Chain Fatty Acids) as a feed additive has been proven. MCFA are composed of a mixture of various fatty acids, including acetic acid, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, etc. Highest portion of MCFA are hexanoic acid. Besides feed additives hexanoic acid play a crucial role as primary resources in various industries, including the chemical, food, agricultural, and biofuel sectors. It is typically obtained from petrochemical-based solutions but there has been a growing focus on biotechnological production and natural sources in recent years. One of the mostly known bioprocess to produce MCFA is chain elongation (conversion of acetate and ethanol into MCFA by β oxidation reaction) by Clostridium kluyveri. However, as in most biotechnological processes, there are low yields and high costs in these reactions as well. In this study, Box-Behnken Design, a statistical experimental design method, was used to optimize the concentrations of acetate, ethanol (the two primary components of chain elongation reactions) and pH for MCFA production via chain elongation reactions with Clostridium kluyveri. Batch experiments were performed at 30°C and 37°C to also see the effect of temperature. Higher values of hexanoic acid and bacterial growth were observed at 37°C. From an economic perspective, a 14% reduction in costs has been observed with optimized components.

Effects of early weaning of piglets at 10 days of age on productive performance

This study aimed to evaluate weaning at 10 days of age and use of milk replacer, considering that the control group was conventional weaning at 21 days. Two hundred eighty-eight animals were used, and birth weights at 10, 21, 66, and 163 days of age were evaluated. At the slaughterhouse, measurements were taken of hot carcass weight, backfat and muscle thickness, and percentage of lean meat. There was no statistical difference in weight at birth and at 10 days. From 21 days of age onwards, there was a difference in all measures of animal weight and weight gain, with the averages for control animals being higher when compared with the treatment. Regarding measurements at the slaughterhouse, there was a statistical difference in relation to muscle depth and carcass weight, and animals in the control group showed better results when compared with treatment. We concluded that piglets weaned at 21 days of age have greater growth potential, as maximizing weaning weight is a key point in pig production.

13-Week repeated-dose toxicity study of optimized aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceMoringa oleifera (Moringaceae family), commonly known as horseradish or tree of life, is traditionally used for various diseases, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, neurological disorders, among others. Aim of the studyTo evaluate the toxicological profile of the oral use of an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves for 13 weeks in mice. Materials and methodsInitially, a factorial design (23) was carried out to optimize aqueous extraction using as variables; the extraction method and proportion of drug. The 13-week repeated-dose toxicity trial used female and male mice, with oral administration of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. The animals were evaluated for body weight, water and feed intake, biochemical and hematological parameters, urinalysis, ophthalmology and histopathology of the liver, spleen and kidneys. ResultsThe extraction efficiency was evidenced by the extraction by maceration at 5%, obtaining the optimized extract of Moringa oleifera (OEMo). The oral administration of OEMo did not promote significant difference (p > 0.05) in the weight gain, food and water consumption of the control animals and those treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg. However, treatment with 1000 mg/kg promoted a reduction (p < 0.05) in food intake and body weight from the 7th week onwards in male and female mice. No alterations were detected in the hematological and histological parameters in the concentrations tested for both sexes. The highest concentration treatment (1000 mg/kg) promoted an increase in transaminases in males and females. All concentrations promoted a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the serum lipid profile of mice. ConclusionThis study developed an optimized extract of Moringa oleifera leaves, which should be used with caution in preparations above 500 mg/kg for the long term because it leads to significant changes in liver enzymes. On the other hand, the extract proved to be a promising plant preparation for hyperlipidemia in mice.

System fertilization in integrated crop-livestock management favors microbial processes, soil quality and production profitability

Integrated crop-livestock systems with no tillage (ICLS-NT) have emerged as more responsible modes of production. Different fertilization strategies can optimize the productivity and profitability of ICLS-NT. However, it is necessary to understand how these strategies can change soil quality. This study aimed to investigate how different fertilization strategies within the ICLS-NT impact the biochemical and chemical attributes of the soil, as well as the productivity and profitability of the system. An ICLS-NT experiment was conducted with beef cattle grazing in winter and soybean cultivation in summer, structured in a 2×2 factorial arrangement, starting in 2019 and evaluated after 3 years (2021/2022 harvest). The first factor was the timing of fertilization: conventional Fertilization (CF - application of phosphorus and potassium during soybean sowing), and system Fertilization (SF - application of phosphorus and potassium in pasture). The second factor was the application of 100 kg ha–1 of nitrogen to the Brachiaria pasture: with application (+N) or without application (–N), resulting in four treatments distributed in three blocks. The system fertilization showed greater biochemical activity, nutrient availability, forage accumulation, increased animal stocking, and animal weight gain, regardless of the level of nitrogen. The strategy SF+N also provided an increase of 438 kg ha–1 in soybean grain productivity, which added to profits from animal production culminating in 407.35 US$ ha–1 of net income more than what was obtained in reference treatment (CF–N). The findings highlight that applying fertilizers after the crop phase is an effective strategy for replenishing soil nutrients, activating microbial processes and improving soil quality. This approach means a more sustainable agricultural practice, reducing environmental impact and at the same time reinforcing profitability in ICLS-NT.

Scientific basis for intelligent of production processes in cattle breeding

Increasing the productivity of livestock and veterinary specialists is an integral part of intensifying the production of animal husbandry products. The solution of multifaceted problems is ensured by the organization of their work. For example, the intelligent of production processes in livestock breeding lies in the fact that the use of innovative technologies, the rate of which on average in the industry reaches 46 %. So far, involves the use of electronic telecommunication devices, which had currently better meet the requirements for the maintenance and operation of breeding animals than traditional standards using analog-digital forms of equipment and document fl ow. The purpose of the research was to study the eff ectiveness of using innovative equipment in terms of time spent on implementing animal science accounting and obtaining animal husbandry products when breeding animals using telecommunication devices for recording technical and technological processes through the integration of data collection terminals using RFID (radio frequency identifi cation) and scanners that allow reading electronic ear (UHF) tags, boluses, electronic chips compared to traditional equipment that is still used in livestock enterprises. It has been established that the use of innovative technologies in animal husbandry meets the requirements of breeding pedigree animals better than using previous standards, i.e. using analog-electronic forms of equipment. Thus, innovative technologies make production processes shorter in time by 16.3 %, and more economical. Analysis of the results of the growth rate of off spring of individual sires using traditional standard technologies showed the loss of working time 10.3 times greater than when using innovations. With traditional breeding technologies, losses in the average daily gain in live weight of young and adult animals by 17.5 and 30.0 %, respectively, were noted. Losses in average daily gain in live weight were noted by 1.1–1.2 times greater when using traditional technologies of registration, identifi cation and control than when using innovations. Therefore, it is necessary to organize professional communication with colleagues in the information fi eld to participate in breeding pedigree livestock in cattle breeding.

Infl uence of biologically active additive on meat productivity of pigs

In order to improve the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in feed by animals, biologically active additives have recently been used in practice. The purpose of the research was to study the infl uence of a biologically active additive on the meat productivity of pigs. The research was carried out at the Agrofi rma Ariant LLC in the Emanzhelinsky district one of the largest pig-breeding complexes in the Chelyabinsk region for the production of pork on an industrial basis. The data on the use of the probiotic Bifi dumbacterin in the diet of fattening pigs have been presented in the article. The probiotic feed additive was given to animals in the amount of 0.05 and 0.10 g/head/day. It was found that the absolute gain in live weight of young pigs in the control group during the experimental period was 69.60 kg, in the 1st experimental group it was 74.16 kg, which was by 4.56 kg more, and in the 2nd experimental group it was 76.56 kg, which was by 6.96 kg more. The average daily live weight gain of animals in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was higher than in the control by 6.55 and 10.00 %, respectively. The use of a biologically active additive in addition to the main diet had a positive eff ect on the formation of meat productivity of fattened young pigs in the experimental groups. The pigs of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups exceeded the control group in slaughter weight by 5.35 and 7.81 %, respectively, in hot carcass weight by 5.13 and 7.39 %, in slaughter yield by 0.5 and 0.7 abs.%. Economic effi ciency in monetary terms was higher in the experimental groups. The use of Bifidumbacterin in feeding of young pigs made it possible to reduce the prime-cost of 1 centner of live weight gain by 294.14–423.17 rubles and increase the level of profitability of pork production by 7.26–10.74 abs.%.

The use of the complex drug "Optibak®-F" in feeding young ferrets

The use of probiotics and symbiotics allows you to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract, normalize the microflora, increase immunity, prevent infectious diseases, and increase the safety of livestock. The aim of the research was to study the effect of complex application preparation "OptiBak®-F" in diets on the growth of young ferrets during the growing period. The experiment was carried out on slaughtered young ferrets of pearl type at the ferret farm FSUE "Russian Sable" of Moscow region. It was found that daily introduction of "OptiBak®-F" preparation into ferrets' feed in July-September in the amount of 0,05-0,06 g per head per day increases live weight gain of young animals in a month by 137,2 g (p&lt;0,05) in comparison with animals of the control group. The similar tendency was maintained three weeks after completion of the preparation introduction into the general ration: at the end of September the live weight of young animals was significantly higher by 138.7 g (p&lt;0.05) and was 2003.0 g against 1864.3 g in the control. High safety of young animals was recorded in both groups. Average daily feed intake in the groups was 225 g per head. During the experiment period when "OptiBak®-F" was used, absolute live weight gain of young ferrets in the experimental group was higher than in the control by 109.7 g (795.5 g vs. 685,8 g), relative - by 4.5% (49.6% vs. 45.1%), while feed costs in physical weight per unit of live weight gain decreased by 13.7%, and in terms of feed cost - by 11.0%, taking into account the cost of the preparation.

Research on the anti-aging mechanisms of Panax ginseng extract in mice: a gut microbiome and metabolomics approach.

Introduction: Aged-related brain damage and gut microbiome disruption are common. Research affirms that modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis can help reduce age-related brain damage. Methods: Ginseng, esteemed in traditional Chinese medicine, is recognized for its anti-aging capabilities. However, previous Ginseng anti-aging studies have largely focused on diseased animal models. To this end, efforts were hereby made to explore the potential neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from Ginseng-supplemented aged mice to those pre-treated with antibiotics. Results: As a result, FMT with specific modifications in natural aging mice improved animal weight gain, extended the telomere length, anti-oxidative stress in brain tissue, regulated the serum levels of cytokine, and balanced the proportion of Treg cells. Besides, FMT increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria of Lachnospiraceae, Dubosiella, Bacteroides, etc. and decreased the levels of potential pathogenic bacteria of Helicobacter and Lachnoclostridium in the fecal samples of natural aged mice. This revealed that FMT remarkably reshaped gut microbiome. Additionally, FMT-treated aged mice showed increased levels of metabolites of Ursolic acid, β-carotene, S-Adenosylmethionine, Spermidine, Guanosine, Celecoxib, Linoleic acid, etc., which were significantly positively correlated with critical beneficial bacteria above. Additionally, these identified critical microbiota and metabolites were mainly enriched in the pathways of Amino acid metabolism, Lipid metabolism, Nucleotide metabolism, etc. Furthermore, FMT downregulated p53/p21/Rb signaling and upregulated p16/p14, ATM/synapsin I/synaptophysin/PSD95, CREB/ERK/AKT signaling in brain damage following natural aging. Discussion: Overall, the study demonstrates that reprogramming of gut microbiota by FMT impedes brain damage in the natural aging process, possibly through the regulation of microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Protective Effects of Iraqi Propolis on Carbimazole-Induced Reduction of Sex Hormones in Female Adult Rats

Background:: Propolis (PR) is used as a health supplement and is widely used in foods and drinks in many parts of the world. This study aimed to know the possible reproductive toxicity effect of the antithyroid drug carbimazole (CZ) in adult female albino rats and to evaluate the possible protective role of Iraqi PR. Methods:: Twenty-four adult female albino rats were randomized into four groups: control, PR, CZ, and PR + CZ. Rats were orally treated for six weeks. Ovarian biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed. Results:: No change in appearance, no signs of toxicity, and no deaths of animals were reported throughout the study period. There was a significant body weight increase only in the PR group. The CZ group displayed a reduction in serum T3 and T4 levels and a rise in serum TSH levels compared to the control. Also, there was a significant decrease in serum T3, T4, and TSH levels after exposure to PR+ CZ compared to control. Exposure to 0.01mg/g body weight of CZ for six weeks results in a significant reduction of serum LH, FSH, and estradiol (E2) in female rats. At the same time, PR alone or with CZ was found to have no significant effect. Biochemical results were consistent with histopathological results. Conclusion:: Iraqi PR provides a protective effect against the reduction of serum sex hormones induced by CZ. Further studies are required to confirm this effect. PR has no effect on CZ activity in reducing thyroxin levels; however, PR might reduce the effects of CZ on TSH levels. Furthermore, PR alone demonstrated an elevation in the weight gain of animals compared to the control group.

Aspartic protease supplementation enhancing the performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and economic viability, without changing blood parameters and salivary cortisol of pigs

Aiming to study the performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, salivary cortisol levels, and economic viability of pigs administered aspartic protease, a total of 135 pigs were housed in pens in a randomized block design, divided into five treatments with nine replications. The experimental diets were positive control (PC), basic diet with a 5.0% reduction in protein and amino acid requirements; negative control (NC) with a 7.5% reduction in protein and amino acid requirements; NC + 100 g/mT of aspartic protease (NC100); NC + 150 g/mT of aspartic protease (NC150); and NC + 200 g/mT of neutral serine protease (NC200). The inclusion of protease, independently of the source and amount, increased the average daily weight gain (P < 0.05) of animals compared with the control treatments (PC and NC), improved feed conversion (P < 0.05) in early stages, and improved diet digestibility (P < 0.05) compared with the PC. Treatment with NC150 and NC200 resulted in greater carcass weights (P < 0.05) than treatment with the PC. NC100 led to a greater carcass yield than PC (P < 0.05), and NC150 resulted in a greater loin eye area than PC (P < 0.05). No differences (P > 0.05) in the blood parameters or salivary cortisol levels were found. Regarding economic viability, proteases increased the profitability, with NC150 leading to the best results. Thus, the use of aspartic proteases is recommended to improve performance and further facilitate pork production.

Assessing the Impact of Spraying an Enterococcus faecium-Based Probiotic on Day-Old Broiler Chicks at Hatch on the Incidence of Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Staphylococcus Challenge Model.

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness is a bone disease characterized by the translocation of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract, which colonize microfractures in broiler leg bones caused by rapid animal growth rate and weight gain, resulting in lameness. As such, BCO lameness represents a significant challenge for the poultry industry. This study aims to evaluate the effect of spraying broiler chicks on d0 at hatch with an Enterococcus faecium probiotic on the incidence of BCO-induced lameness, utilizing a Staphylococcus aureus challenge model. There were four treatments: (1) negative control (no probiotic + no challenge, NC); (2) positive control (no probiotic + challenge, PC); (3) low dosage (4.0 × 108 CFU/chick + challenge, LOW); and (4) high dosage (2.0 × 109 CFU/chick + challenge, HIGH). On d5, groups two through four were challenged with Staphylococcus aureus through the drinking water at a concentration of 1.0 × 105 CFU/mL. Cumulative lameness incidence was determined through daily evaluations and necropsies conducted on lame birds starting from d22. Data were subjected to a binomial general regression analysis (significant p < 0.05). On d56, the PC group exhibited the highest cumulative lameness incidence (58.0%; p < 0.05), followed by LOW (36.0%), HIGH (28.7%), and NC groups (25.3%), respectively. These results suggest early probiotic application at day-of-hatch successfully reduced the incidence of lameness in challenged birds, thus contributing to understanding of efficient and sustainable broiler production.

Productivity of the ewe's lambs Romanov breed when using a complex of mineral and vitamin supplements in diets

Relevance. It is known that the mineral composition of the feeds of the Republic of Bashkortostan used in animal diets, in terms of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, cobalt and sulfur, does not meet the needs of animals. The deficiency of minerals is especially high in growing young animals.In this regard, the development and scientific justification of the use of a complex mineral and vitamin feed additive (hereinafter CMVFA) in the diets of growing young sheep, which stimulate digestion and digestibility of nutrients in the diet, thereby increasing productivity, is of particular importance.Methods. To study the effectiveness of feeding KMVKD in the diets of the Romanov breed yarok on the indicators of body weight gain in peasant farming conditions, 4 groups of yarok were formed on the principle of pairs of analogues (10 heads each). Yarki of the control group received in addition to the main diet at the rate of 20 g of monocalcium phosphate and 15 g of premix per head (P81-1-89). The yarks of the experimental groups of KMVKD were introduced into the composition of crushed grain mixtures: made according to recipes No. 1 — for the first, No. 2 — for the second, No. 3 — for the third (35 g per head per day).Results. With a small difference in the intake of substances between the groups, the use of UMVD of 35 g per head per day had a significant impact on body weight gain. During the experiment period, the average daily weight gain in animals of the control group was 165 g, and in the experimental groups, respectively, 174.75 g, 183.52 g and 190.68 g, or more by 5.91%, 11.22% and 15.56% compared with the control. The level of profitability of production in the experimental groups increased by 10.60%, 16.03% and 20.54% compared with peers from the control group.

Recent Advancement in the Fabrication of Colorimetric and Fluorometric Sensors for the Detection of Basic Amino Acids

Abstract:: Due to the biological importance of amino acids, the development of optical probes for these compounds has become a popular research topic in recent years. The amino acid fluorescence or colorimetric sensors are organized according to the reactions the amino acids go through and the related structural classification. Works on reaction-based chemosensors are categorized as either imine formation, Michael addition, thiazinane or thiazolidine formation, cleavage of a sulfonate ester, cleavage of a disulfide, metal complexes-displace coordination, or other mechanisms depending on the mechanisms between sensors and amino acids. Amino acids (AA), which comprise most proteins, are small molecules with a wide range of functional side-chain groups. Amino acids, therefore, have a variety of roles in physiological processes. Histidine (His), a member of this family, is required for tissue growth and repair as well as for weight gain. Lysine (Lys), another member of this family, is intimately linked to the Krebs-Henseleit cycle and polyamine synthesis, and an adequate amount of lysine in the diet is necessary for animals' metabolic processes and weight gain. Because it controls the transfer of metal elements in biological bases, tryptophan (Trp) is crucial to biological processes like protein synthesis, animal growth, and plant development. The majority of proteins are composed of amino acids (AA), which are tiny molecules with a variety of functional side chain groups. As a result, amino acids play a number of different roles in physiological processes. This family member's histidine (His) is necessary for weight gain, tissue growth, and repair. Another member of this family, lysine (Lys), is crucial for the Krebs-Henseleit cycle and polyamine production, and animals' metabolic activities and weight gain depend on appropriate lysine intake. Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential component of biological processes like protein synthesis, animal growth, and plant development because it regulates the transfer of metal elements in biological bases. Numerous attempts have been made to create new procedures for amino acid analysis as a result of the rising focus on human health, disease diagnosis, and therapy. Currently, spectroscopic, chromatographic, or electrochemical analytical methods are most frequently employed to identify and characterize amino acids. However, each method has certain disadvantages, such as the need for equipment and trained personnel, operational simplicity, analytical cost, test speed, and detection. Based on the important distinguishing characteristics of various amino acids to date, much research has been done on optical probes using indicator-displacement tests, metal complex coordination, particular interactions between probes and amino acids, and other techniques. We further subdivided the reaction-based probes into the following groups: production of imines, Michael addition, thiazinane or thiazolidine, cleavage of sulfonate ester, cleavage of disulfide, and others. Metal complexes-displace coordination. Due to some amino acids' similarity in structure and reactivity, it is still challenging to develop sensors that can selectively and sensitively identify amino acids from one another, such as the three biological thiols Cys, Hcy, and GSH. Specific reactions between probes and amino acids and other techniques have been extensively researched based on the significant characteristic features of diverse amino acids to date. We further divided the reaction-based probes into the following categories: metal complexes-displace coordination, imine creation, Michael addition, thiazinane or thiazolidine formation, cleavage of a sulfonate ester, cleavage of a disulfide; and others.

Study the effect of labneh balls fortified with zinc salts on the proportions of nitrogenous substances, micro-textural structure, and some nutritional indicators

Background: Labneh is a dairy product with many of the same benefits as yogurt. The total solids percentage is raised during production by draining the whey out of the yogurt. This is done by hanging the yogurt in cloth bags until the desired texture is achieved. Labneh, after being sweetened, can be used in place of cream cheese, sour cream, or cake cream. Labneh is known to have fewer calories than common condiments such as cream cheese and sour cream. This is due to its reduced fat content Labneh is a popular cuisine all over the world, particularly in the Middle East and the Balkan nations. In conclusion, the effect of fortification was clear in the results of the nutritional experiment conducted on mice, as zinc salts had an effect in maintaining the weight gain of the experimental animals, in addition to a role in strengthening the immune system.Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of enhancing traditional labneh cheese with mineral salts—specifically sulfate and zinc acetate—at concentrations of 7.5 and 15 mg/kg. The focus was on evaluating the alterations in chemical composition, particularly nitrogenous compounds, and the micro-textural properties. Additionally, the study assessed how these enhancements influenced the sensory qualities of the labneh both immediately after production and following a storage period of twenty days.Materials and Methods: Raw, whole cow's milk (12% T.S., 4% fat) was used to make labneh in the lab. After being heated to 90 °C for five minutes in a water bath, the milk was cooled to 45 °C, and a CH1 starter was added. The mixture was then incubated at 45 °C for three to four hours. The cloth was allowed to cool at room temperature for one hour after it had coagulated completely. After chilling overnight at 15 degrees Celsius, it was salted at 5 degrees Celsius for 22 hours, by placing it in a clean cloth bag and storing it in the fridge.Results:The experiment revealed a non-significant rise in nitrogenous substances for the control group versus the zinc-treated labneh. However, there were no notable differences in nitrogen content between the control and zinc-enhanced groups. The treatment labneh balls were less white than the control treatment balls, suggesting that the fortification process with zinc salts caused this difference. Increased cohesion and hardness of the manufactured Labneh compared to the control treatment had an apparent effect on the micro-textural structure of the treated Labneh, as the interstitial spaces were reduced, and the casein tissue closed. In addition to its role in bolstering the immune system, the results of the nutritional experiment on rats showed that zinc salts influence maintaining the weight increase of the trial animals.Keywords: Labneh balls, zinc salts, texture, flavor, chemical composition, body weight.

Efeitos da alta dosagem de fitase no desempenho de frangos de corte e na digestibilidade de nutrientes

Abstract The study evaluated the effect of different doses of phytase and two diets (corn and soybean meal, and meat and bone meal) on the performance of broiler chickens and the digestibility of nutrients in feed. A total of 1320 Cobb 500 broilers were used for the performance experiment, 216 Cobb 500 broilers for the metabolism test, and 252 broiler chicks to determine the apparent and standardized digestibility coefficients of amino acids in the diets. The birds were individually weighed and distributed in a completely randomized design, comprising six treatments divided into a 2×3 factorial scheme (two diets and three levels of phytase composing the treatments): vegetable diets with 500, 1000, and 1500 FTU of phytase (T1, T2, T3); and meat and bone meal diets with 500, 1000, and 1500 FTU of phytase (T4, T5, T6). The average final weight gain and weight gain of animals that consumed diets with meat and bone meal and phytase at 500 FTU/kg were similar to those that consumed 1000 FTU/kg of phytase. The digestibility of amino acids for animals that consumed diets with corn and soybean meal and phytase at 500 FTU/kg was similar to those that consumed 1000 FTU/kg; statistically, the level of 1500 FTU/kg was equal to that of 500 FTU/kg. High doses of phytase did not promote improvements in performance and nutrient digestibility, as well as EMAn values; therefore, phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg is recommended.

Edible honeysuckle as a source of fruits promising for new functional food products development

The possibilities of introducing honeysuckle berries into the plant-based functional product being developed as a component that enriches its composition are discussed basing on initial results of an experimental evaluation of the introduction of original lozenges based into the diet of laboratory animals (rats). The lozenges were prepared using apple pulp with the addition of mixed berries of five honeysuckle varieties (Berel, Sinichka, Moskovskaya M103 (L. caеrulea varieties), Kamchadalka and Chelyabinka (L. kamtschatica varieties). the most variable for used berries was the sugar content in the juice (from 8 to 11%), somewhat less the content of the ash component and the amount of phenolic compounds differed, but dry matter content (about 12% for all varieties) was similar. The highest polyphenols accumulation was detected for Sinichka variety (8.3 mg/g fresh fruit weight). The two-month consumption of functional lozenges with honeysuckle in a volume of 50% of the daily diet led to a decrease in systolic pressure in the experimental group of rats by 19% compared to the control. Also this diet resulted in less weight gain in experimental animals, their body weight was 30% less than that of control rats after a two-month exposure.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN-VITAMIN-MINERAL FEED ADDITIVES ON THE INCREASE IN LIVE WEIGHT OF HORSES

Agriculture is considered an important industry for Kazakhstan. Consumer demand for livestock products (beef and dairy cattle) is very high. Protein-vitamin feed additives are of great importance in the breeding of meat and dairy animals. Feed additives not only increase live weight gain, but also strengthen the immunity of animals and increase resistance to adverse environmental factors. The article discusses the results of experimental studies on the influence of a feed additive of a new composition on the physiological condition of horses on the yield and quality of meat products. As an obyect, horses of the Kazakh breed aged 1.5-2.0 years were selected, that located in the stall. Based on the study of blood composition, an increase in the values ​​of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes and platelets was revealed in the experimental groups of horses taking the feed additives, compared with the animals of the control group. This indicates the activation of immunity and the improvement of protein-carbohydrate metabolism in horses of the experimental groups. The purpose of the research work is to study the effect of a protein vitamin mineral feed additive on the meat and productivity of horses. This feed additive allows you to expand the range of feed additives that increase the live weight gain of farm animals.&#x0D;

Hindbrain REV-ERB nuclear receptors regulate sensitivity to diet-induced obesity and brown adipose tissue pathophysiology

ObjectiveThe dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of the hindbrain is a major point of integration for central and peripheral signals that regulate a wide variety of metabolic functions to maintain energy balance. The REV-ERB nuclear receptors are important modulators of molecular metabolism, but their role in the DVC has yet to be established. MethodsMale REV-ERBα/β floxed mice received stereotaxic injections of a Cre expressing virus to the DVC to create the DVC REV-ERBα/β double knockout (DVC RDKO). Control littermates received stereotaxic injections to the DVC of a green fluorescent protein expressing virus. Animals were maintained on a normal chow diet or a 60% high-fat diet to observe the metabolic phenotype arising from DVC RDKO under healthy and metabolically stressed conditions. ResultsDVC RDKO animals on high-fat diet exhibited increased weight gain compared to control animals maintained on the same diet. Increased weight gain in DVC RDKO animals was associated with decreased basal metabolic rate and dampened signature of brown adipose tissue activity. RDKO decreased gene expression of calcitonin receptor in the DVC and tyrosine hydroxylase in the brown adipose tissue. ConclusionsThese results suggest a previously unappreciated role of REV-ERB nuclear receptors in the DVC for maintaining energy balance and metabolic rate potentially through indirect sympathetic outflow to the brown adipose tissue.