Animal Protection Research Articles

Netnografi Pesan Moral Dalam Vlog Atap Negeri Fiersa Besari

The rapid development of information technology has encouraged the presence of social media which has influenced changes in people's lifestyles and communication patterns. One product of this technological development is YouTube. This research aims to find out the moral message in the Atap Negeri vlog on Fiersa Besari's Youtube in the video entitled "Gunung Patah-Bengkulu". This research is qualitative research using netnography methods. In this research, the author chose the 30 comments most frequently mentioned by netizens on comments pages. Then create coding which then produces 30 (thirty) abstractions which are then formed into 3 (three) categories by the author according to experts. The theory used in this research is computer mediated communication (CMC). The results of the research show that after watching this vlog video, many netizens' perspectives are directed in a positive direction because there are many moral messages that can be taken away which are expressed again by them through the comments page. There are several categories in this research, namely the category of human relationships with nature, the category of human relationships with themselves and the category of human relationships with other humans in the social environment. Netizens' comments in this category can be used as material to raise the enthusiasm of the national roofing team, especially for Fiersa Besari, so that they can create more quality climbing content and also serve as evaluation material for the local government to prevent poaching of protected animals and illegal cutting of trees.

Edukacja w zakresie ochrony zwierząt (uwarunkowania prawne)

The article is of a scientific research nature, and its main aim is to analyse the legislation providing for obligations for the dissemination of knowledge on animal protection, as well as to evaluate them and formulate optimisation postulates. The formal-dogmatic analysis of the regulations in force in the Polish legal order has been preceded by findings on how this issue is regulated in international and EU laws. This is mainly supported by the fact that formal education has a huge role to play in animal protection. Unfortunately, this issue has been marginalised in all legal orders discussed in this text. All in all, the normative arrangements adopted must be assessed as very insufficient, in particular as regards the fulfilment of the statutory obligation to take account of animal protection issues in the general education core curriculum. Moreover, this issue is very rarely subject to an in-depth scientific analysis. Therefore, the dissemination of previously unpublished research results will help develop better legislative solutions and raise public awareness about the protection of animals, which is one of the conditions for further civilizational progress.

Non-green ecological conservation: right-wing ecology in contemporary Germany

ABSTRACT After the rise and mainstreaming of the modern ecological movement, the right-wing ecological ideology has not gradually died out, and right-wing ecologists are still very active today. They not only actively participate in ecological debates and activities, but also combine their ideological concepts with practice, and focus on right-wing land grabbing in rural areas. As ecological issues tend to blur the boundaries between political camps, right-wing ecological conservation in ‘green’ garb is extremely misleading and harmful, and therefore needs to be studied in depth. Firstly, this article analyses the ideological basis of right-wing ecology in contemporary Germany from three aspects: historical view, human view and worldview. Secondly, by analyzing the basic positions of right-wing ecologists in the three main fields of ecological conservation, namely species protection, animal protection, green genetic engineering and organic agriculture, and their specific modes of action, this article identifies the motives of the right-wing ecologists’ participation in ecological conservation in terms of historical reasons and practical needs, and analyses the characteristics of their argumentation. Finally, on the basis of the above research, this article specifies the essential differences between right-wing ecological conservation and modern, civilized and scientific ecological conservation and its harms.

Evaluation of portable refractometr as an alternative method to biuret assay for measurement of serum total protein in horse

The measurement of serum total protein (TP) is commonly performed by the biuret method. Refractometery which is less expensive and faster method also determines serum protein; however its accuracy is controversial. Therefore the primary objective of this study was to investigate portable refractometer as an alternative method to the biuret assay for measuring total serum proteins in horse serum. Serum from 50 male horses admitted to the society of the protection of animals’ abroad (SPANA) clinic was collected and measurement of serum total protein determined using portable refractometer and biuret method. The statistical differences between both methods were analyzed using a paired t-test and the correlation was determined by spearman correlation test. The results of this study demonstrate that there were no statistically significant variations in the mean total protein measured with the refractometer and biuret method (P > 0.05). The correlation between two methods using spearman correlations revealed high correlation between refractometry and biuret assay measurements of TP concentration r = 0.855. Bland–Altman plots indicated that biases indicating the analytic error was (4/50) 8% which is less than allowable total error for total protein determination (< 10%). Therefore portable refractometery can be used as an alternative to biuret method for serum total protein in horse as it is easy to use, quick turnaround time, and is inexpensive.

Transhumanism and One Health

Abstract In this article, we draw on an interdisciplinary seminar at the University of Basel in the spring semester 2023. The seminar firstly discussed technical transhumanism between improving human lives through technological innovation and breathtaking advances in artificial intelligence (AI). Secondly, integrative approaches to health such as One Health have a transhumanist dimension, meaning that the interaction of human and animal health contributes to human health and development. As technological and biological dimensions of transhumanism raise philosophical, anthropological and ethical questions, we ask what is specifically human and what kind of future human-technology interactions is societally acceptable. With the rapid recent development of AI, questions arise about algorithms taking over human intellectual functions. Transhumanism can be described as a current of a posthumanist turn that generally asks where the limits of the human body and also of human existence lie. From an anthropological point of view a controversial discussion is held ‘beyond the human’ about blurring of the boundaries between humans, animals and nature. The One Health approach demands that animals should not suffer in place of humans and that the health of humans, animals, plants and the environment must be promoted simultaneously. This places the One Health approach in a tension and dilemma between conflicting ethical and purely human demands for the protection and welfare of animals, as well as the legitimate demands for animal food and sheer survival in many areas of the world. A biological transhumanism certainly has less of a claim to surpass specifically human performance and thus stands less or not at all in the more gnostic technological current of technical transhumanism, which replaces human labour and suddenly achieves the ability to turn against humans. One Health impact statement Integrative approaches to health such as One Health have a transhumanist dimension, meaning that the interaction of human and animal health contributes to human health and development. The One Health approach demands that animals should not suffer in place of humans and that the health of humans, animals, plants and the environment must be promoted simultaneously. This places the One Health approach in a tension and dilemma between conflicting ethical and purely human demands for the protection and welfare of animals, as well as the legitimate demands for animal food and sheer survival in many areas of the world. Because of the high variability of the culturally-religiously shaped human-animal-environment relationship, such a transdisciplinary, participatory consensus would need to be contextually adapted, that is, to geographically, culturally-religiously distinct situations.Keywords: Transhumanism, Technical, Biological, One Health, Anthropology, Ontology, Ethics

RELIGIOUS SLAUGHTER AND ANIMAL WELFARE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF KAZAKH AND EUROPEAN LEGISLATIONS

n Kazakhstan, until recently, issues regarding the responsible and humane treatment of animals were unregulated. The first law, “On Responsible Treatment of Animals,” was adopted in 2021, defining the place of animals in the system of public relations and guaranteeing their protection. However, the law includes an exception regarding the slaughter of animals during religious ceremonies, which has caused discussions and disputes between public organisations for the protection of animals and religious communities. Impressive results of balancing animal welfare with religious freedom can be found in the EU. This article conducts a comparative legal study of Kazakh and some EU Member State legislations with regard to religious slaughter. Methods: This study employed various methodologies, utilising both theoretical and empirical approaches. These methodologies encompassed the comparative legal method, which allowed the authors to analyse and research foreign experience in animal rights protection to pinpoint the most important features applicable to Kazakh legislation. Statistical data was also collected to identify patterns and trends. Based on this, a forecast was made indicating a growing population, thereby suggesting an increase in animal consumption and utilisation. Therefore, this article on the protection of animal rights is a timely and relevant study. Moreover, the authors conducted an analysis of specific cases from foreign countries, aiding in the identification of the features and challenges of law enforcement practice. The dialectical method was central to examining the research problem. It enabled the identification of contradictions and interrelationships between classical and religious methods of mortification. Results and Conclusions: Based on the study’s results, several practical proposals are put forward to eliminate or regularise the existing legislative derogation in respect of religious slaughter. The present contribution concludes that the Kazakh legal framework on animal rights protection has shortcomings that require improvements by enshrining specific methods of animal slaughtering, which can be drawn on European experience.

For Whose Sake and Benefit? A Critical Analysis of Leading International Treaty Proposals to Protect Nonhuman Animals

Abstract Despite the considerable expansion of international law into virtually all areas of modern life, to date there is no international treaty in force to protect the interests of nonhuman animals. The lack of regulation and coordination at the international level comes at a considerable cost for animals, first and foremost, but also for humans, as the recent pandemic and ongoing climate crisis emphatically demonstrate. Proposals to fill this gap have proliferated in recent years, notably with the UN Convention on Animal Health and Protection (UNCAHP) and the Convention on Animal Protection for Public Health, Animal Welfare, and the Environment (CAP). This Article is the first of its kind to provide a critical legal analysis of the two draft treaties in order to assess their likely impacts on nonhuman animals, but also on human groups affected by their consequences. It first analyzes the draft treaties’ preambular language and broader setting to determine whether the treaties are embedded in arguments about human health, environmental protection, or mitigation of climate change, or whether animals are identified as direct beneficiaries of the treaty, and what the promises and dangers of each of these approaches are. The Article then looks to the treaties’ operative clauses, uncovering two problematic dynamics of the bedrock principle of “unnecessary suffering”: First, the maintenance of anthropocentric interest prioritization; and, second, its likely promotion of “Western” ways of using animals and the concomitant framing of “non-Western” practices as “culturally backward” and “uncivilized.” The Article concludes by offering guidance on how a progressive treaty could succeed at advancing human and nonhuman animals’ interests in tandem.

Progress in Legal Research on Pet Animal Protection Issues

The research progress on legal issues regarding animal protection is a crucial aspect in the field of animal welfare. This paper delves into the historical development of animal protection laws, shedding light on the evolution of legal frameworks aimed at safeguarding the rights and well-being of animals. It also explores the contemporary legal challenges in animal protection, addressing the complexities and gaps in existing laws that hinder effective enforcement and implementation. By examining the current state of animal protection laws, this study offers valuable insights into potential solutions and future directions for advancing the legal protection of animals. Through a comprehensive analysis of the legal landscape surrounding animal welfare, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the ethical and legal considerations in animal protection.

Animal cruelty legislation in India: A green criminological exploration

We see laws being constantly updated responding to the onslaught of changing times and circumstances and value settings of society. However, such dynamism in the legal spectrum appears to be lopsided once laws on animal cruelty are glanced over. Laws on animal cruelty seem to be following a pattern that is not so dynamic and abreast of the evolving moral compass of society. It is critically observed in the course of this research that much like the legislation preventing animal cruelty, cruelty against animals, ironically, exhibits an upward graph. In pursuit of resolving this irony, especially in the context of India, the aim of this paper is to explore the concept of ‘animal cruelty’ within the Indian animal protection legislation to identify substantive and conceptual gaps while situating the statutes within the theoretical perspective of green criminology. The paper explores and critiques the concept of ‘animal cruelty’ within the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act of 1960. The research exercise reveals that the laws display a strong hue of anthropocentric instrumentalism denigrating animals as commodities in service to humans. The statutes under study allow for a wide array of abuse towards animals, permitting those harms as necessary suffering. The grandest of the lacunae is the absence of provisions for protecting animals from sexual and psychological violence. This green criminological exposé is supplemented, in conclusion, by valuable insights and remedies sourced from the green criminological theory itself in the form of a radical deconstruction and rethinking of how animals are treated in legal practice and ways to expand our notion to a non-specialist understanding of crimes, victims and justice.

The walnut-derived peptide TW-7 improves mouse parthenogenetic embryo development of vitrified MII oocytes potentially by promoting histone lactylation

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that the vitrification of metaphase II (MII) oocytes significantly represses their developmental potential. Abnormally increased oxidative stress is the probable factor; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The walnut-derived peptide TW-7 was initially isolated and purified from walnut protein hydrolysate. Accumulating evidences implied that TW-7 was a powerful antioxidant, while its prospective application in oocyte cryopreservation has not been reported.ResultHere, we found that parthenogenetic activation (PA) zygotes derived from vitrified MII oocytes showed elevated ROS level and delayed progression of pronucleus formation. Addition of 25 μmol/L TW-7 in warming, recovery, PA, and embryo culture medium could alleviate oxidative stress in PA zygotes from vitrified mouse MII oocytes, furtherly increase proteins related to histone lactylation such as LDHA, LDHB, and EP300 and finally improve histone lactylation in PA zygotes. The elevated histone lactylation facilitated the expression of minor zygotic genome activation (ZGA) genes and preimplantation embryo development.ConclusionsOur findings revealed the mechanism of oxidative stress inducing repressed development of PA embryos from vitrified mouse MII oocytes and found a potent and easy-obtained short peptide that could significantly rescue the decreased developmental potential of vitrified oocytes, which would potentially contribute to reproductive medicine, animal protection, and breeding.

Effectiveness of cell therapy of acute radiation syndrome in mice with intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of a cellular product

The therapeutic effect of fibroblast-like cells obtained from the stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice and cultured for the treatment of bone marrow form of acute radiation syndrome was studied on a mouse experimental model. The cells were identified as multipotent mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells, owing to adhesion to plastic, confluent monolayer formation during cultivation, and the fact that osteogenic differentiation in vitro resulted in osteoblast maturation and calcium deposit formation, which indicated their multipotent nature. Irradiation of laboratory rodents was conducted using theX-ray therapy unit “RUM-17”. Stromal cells were obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of a mouse and grown in a culture of 3–4 passages and used as a cell product. Cell transplantation was performed 24 h after uniformX-ray irradiation of mice at a dose of 7.8 Gy. This is the first study to compare the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with the different routes (intravenous and intraperitoneal) of cell suspension administration. A significant increase was found in the survival rate of mice during the 30-day follow-up period after lethal dose irradiation, which depended on the number of injected cells and delivery method of the biomedical cell product. Thus, with intravenous administration of 30 and 60 × 103multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, the 30-day survival rate of mice after irradiation at a dose of 7.8 Gy increased by 54.5% and 40%, respectively, compared with that of untreated animals (p= 0.03). An increase in the number of cells in the cell product to 120 × 103/mouse led to a decrease in therapy effectiveness. In intraperitoneal administration, the protection of animals from death was 57% after transplantation of 30 and 60 × 103cells (p= 0.039) and 50% after application of 120 × 103cells. On day 30 after irradiation, in the introduction of a cellular product in different schemes, 70%–80% of animals showed restoration of the values of the main indicators of the hematopoiesis system to initial levels. Thus, cell therapy using multipotent mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adipose tissue with intravenous and intraperitoneal delivery routes of the cellular product to the irradiated body protects mice from death after exposure toX-ray radiation in lethal doses, decreasing the severity of radiation damage to the hematopoietic system in mice, and provides prospects for further research as an effective and safe treatment for acute radiation sickness.

Klinik Hewan Keliling Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan Prof. Noerjanto Universitas Syiah Kuala [Mobile Veterinary Clinic of Prof. Noerjanto Hospital Teaching Veterinary Hospital of Universitas Syiah Kuala

The long-term purpose of this community service is to support the autonomy of the university through independent income generation and to encourage the development of a culture of utilizing university research results for the community through the mobile veterinary clinic business carried out by Prof. Noerjanto Teaching Veterinary Hospital. To achieve above objectives, it was necessary to modify the existing clinic vehicle to include an operating room, mini-laboratory and pharmacy. The implementation of activities was carried out for five working days a week, by actively visiting smallholder livestock centers per village per day in the Aceh Besar areas. Services provided included livestock health consultation, treatment, vaccination (an effective measure as a form of protection for animals, synchronization of heat and artificial insemination, and assistance during birth. The diagnosis methods utilize the latest techniques, namely diagnosis and therapy techniques used in the field of veterinary medicine, which were the results of previous research. Mobile Clinic of Prof. Noerjanto's Teaching Veterinary Hospital had been modified by providing an operating table, mini laboratory, pharmacy, and repainting the car, thus increased the attractiveness of the community during the activities were carried out. Mass treatment of livestock in Aceh Besar district had reached the target which services covered five sub-districts. In conclusion, the mobile veterinary clinic in 2017 has successfully modified the clinic car and provided health services in 5 sub-districts in Aceh Besar District.

An IgG1 single-dilution avidity ELISA predicts cross-protection against heterologous foot-and-mouth disease virus challenge after vaccination

This study aims to analyze if the results from different serological assays, used alone or combined, could match the outcome of challenge infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) after vaccination in cattle. Day-of-challenge sera from animals that had been vaccinated 21 days before with monovalent formulations containing inactivated A Iran 96 or A Iran 99 virus strains were used. Challenge and serology were performed with A22 Iraq strain. IgG1 titers and total-IgG avidity indexes were significantly higher in protected animals (p < 0.01) while IgG2-titers were not related to protection (p > 0.05). An IgG1 avidity ELISA was developed to analyze in one step, IgG1 levels and avidity. This assay estimated protection with 96 % accuracy. A strong agreement with challenge results was achieved (K = 0.85), suggesting a role of high-affinity IgG1 in protection against FMDV. These results support the assessment of the single dilution IgG1-Avidity ELISA to predict cross-protection in FMDV-vaccinated cattle.

Spotlight on www.LAS-interactive.de: Information for animal experimentation and a useful resource for veterinary medical writers

According to the EU Animal Protection Directive (Directive 2010/63/EU)1, anyone who is involved in animal experimentation needs to be adequately trained. Depending on your role in animal experimentation (i.e., planning and designing experiments, performing procedures, or looking after and/or humanely dispatching animals), very specific competencies are needed. Online resources are valuable tools to cover the theoretical part of this training; one of them is the website www.las-interactive.de.

Protection of animals against devastating RNA viruses using CRISPR-Cas13s

The intrinsic nature of CRISPR-Cas in conferring immunity to bacteria and archaea has been repurposed to combat pathogenic agents in mammalian and plant cells. In this regard, CRISPR-Cas13 systems have proved their remarkable potential for single-strand RNA viruses targeting. Here, different types of Cas13 orthologs were applied to knockdown foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a highly contagious disease of a wide variety of species with genetically diverse strains and is widely geographically distributed. Using programmable CRISPR RNAs capable of targeting conserved regions of the viral genome, all Cas13s from CRISPR system type VI (subtype A/B/D) could comprehensively target and repress different serotypes of FMDV virus. This approach has the potential to destroy all strains of a virus as targets the ultra-conserved regions of genome. We experimentally compared the silencing efficiency of CRISPR and RNAi by designing the most effective short hairpin RNAs according to our developed scoring system and observed comparable results. This study showed successful usage of various Cas13 enzymes for suppression of FMDV, which provides a flexible strategy to battle with other animal infectious RNA viruses, an underdeveloped field in the biotechnology scope.

Legal Study on the Duty of Government on Animal Protection in Disaster

Legal Study on the Duty of Government on Animal Protection in Disaster

Legal enforcment of illegal trade in protected wild animals in The Region Resor Konservasi XXIII Cirebon

This study aims to analyze the legal enforcment of illegal trade in protected wild animals in the Region Resor Konservasi XXIII Cirebon. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing one of the KSDA employees of conservation resorts in the region. The data were analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The results show that the illegal trade of protected wildlife poses a serious threat to the sustainability of animals in Indonesia because illegal trade is a major factor in the decline of protected species in Indonesia. Law enforcement is the government's effort to minimize the occurrence of illegal trading in protected wildlife that needs to be improved by encouraging regulations at the regional and central levels for the protection of species that have not been included in protected status.

Uji Resistensi Campylobacter sp. Yang Diisolasi Dari Rusa Timor (Rusa Timorensis) Terhadap Antibiotik

Timor deer (Rusa timorensis) is a protected animal and is categorized as vulnerable in the International Union for Conservation of Nature of Threatened Species Red List (IUCN Red List). Efforts to save and prevent timor deer from extinction are through conservation in captivity. Captive-bred timor deer can be infected with Campylobacter sp. which is one of the causes of diarrhea in humans. Antibiotic resistance to Campylobacter sp. has been widely reported in various parts of the world. Timor deer are not directly exposed to antibiotics but can experience antibiotic resistance due to interactions with humans. The purpose of this study was to determine resistance and determine the level of resistance of Campylobacter sp. isolated from timor deer to antibiotics. This research was conducted using Campylobacter sp. isolates on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) media. Kirby-Bauer method resistance test with Mueller-Hinton agar media using test antibiotics: ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Data were analyzed by looking at the inhibition zone formed and compared with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. The results showed that Campylobacter sp. from timor deer had developed resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline antibiotics. The inhibition zones formed from the five types of test antibiotics were ampicillin (7.58 mm), ciprofloxacin (26.76 mm), erythromycin (11.65 mm), chloramphenicol (24.40 mm), and tetracycline (9.05 mm).

Eco-sabotage as Defensive Activism

AbstractI argue for the conditions that eco-sabotage (sabotage involving the protection of animals or the environment) must meet to be a morally permissible form of activism in a liberal democracy. I illustrate my case with Jessica Reznicek and Ruby Montoya’s oil pipeline destruction, the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society’s whale hunt sabotage, and the Valve Turners’ pipeline shut-off, climate necessity-defense. My primary contention is that just as it is permissible to destroy an attacker’s weapon in self- or other-defense, it is permissible to engage in some forms of eco-sabotage. Taking inspiration from just war theory, I use the conditions of just cause, reasonable chance of success, proportionality, necessity, and discrimination to both conceptualize eco-sabotage as defense and illustrate the justificatory burden the eco-saboteur must meet. Often eco-sabotage is doubly pro-tanto wrong because it is illegal and involves property destruction. Overcoming these hurdles is particularly difficult because in seemingly bypassing democratic means of dispute resolution, the eco-saboteur seemingly coerces the other members of society by forcing idiosyncratic views upon them. Non-anthropocentric eco-sabotage grounded in defense of animal rights has mixed results regarding the democratic objection just described. I argue that anthropocentric eco-sabotage, grounded in defense of human rights, has the best chance of overcoming this objection, provided a persuasive case can be made for its reasonable chance of success. Passing a reasonable chance of success also causes problems for non-anthropocentric eco-sabotage grounded in species defense, while non-anthropocentric eco-sabotage grounded in defense against animal suffering has a lighter justificatory burden.

Short Study on Ecological Pictures in Walden

Walden is a literary masterpiece written by American writer Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), which records his living alone in Walden Pond, far away from money-obsessed society, embracing the simple life of nature with his heart, and demonstrating the harmonious ecological beauty of Walden Pond. In this novel, Thoreau vividly shows the harmonious and interdependent relationship between man and nature through the ecological pictures of the delicious evening and red squirrel in the Walden Pond, and emphasizes the unique spiritual value given by nature to human beings. This paper attempts to use literature research and graphic marking ways to appreciate the harmonious atmosphere of delicious night in Walden Pond and the lively state of red squirrels in winter from the Angle of plot and animal description. By combining theory with practice, the conclusion of this paper is: human beings should overcome the limitations of anthropocentrism, protect animals, respect nature, and establish a “community of love” with nature, the concept of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, or they will be punished by nature. In-depth exploration and interpretation of Walden Pond is of great significance for enhancing people’s awareness of ecological crisis, promoting ecological governance, helping people rationally view the relationship between man and nature, and respecting and protecting nature.