Animal Husbandry Sector Research Articles

RFID and IOT for Attendance Monitoring System

In recent years, RFID technology has been widely used in various sectors, such as in-education, transportation, agriculture, animal husbandry, store sales and other sectors. RFID utilization in education is student attendance monitoring system, by using Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud technology, it will produce a real time attendance monitoring system that can be accessed by various parties, such as lecturer, campus administration and parents. With this monitoring system if there are students who are not present can be immediately discovered and can be taken immediate action and the learning process can run smoothly.

Gender participation and decision making process in farming and household activities: A case of Pali district of Rajasthan, India

Participation in decision making process especially in economic activities is an indication of empowerment. The present study attempts to investigate the level of women economic empowerment in resource-poor farm families by analyzing their extent of participation in decision making on farm and household related economic activities. The study was conducted in six blocks Pali district of Rajasthan taking a random sample of 180 resource poor farm families. Both husband and wife of the families were personally interviewed by pretested structured interview schedule. Spearman’s rank-difference correlation was used to measure the extent of agreement between husband’s and wife’s responses. The study revealed that wives played a major role to jointly decide purchasing or hiring of land (44.44-48.33%), selling of produce (35.56-37.78%) and borrowing for agriculture (25.00-30.56%). Decisions for milking and processing of milk, utilization of dung and sale of milk and milk products were dominantly taken by wives 68.33%, 56.67% and 39.44%, respectively, where purchase and sale of animals, type and number of animals to be kept and adoption of new animal husbandry practices were mainly decided jointly 32.78-36.67%, 32.78-35.56% and 24.44-25.00 per cent, respectively. Household economic decisions on building new house, household purchasing, education of children, selection of occupation for children and financial activities were mainly taken jointly 39.44-42.78%, 33.33-36.67%, 26.31- 31.67%, 25.00-31.67% and 23.22-27.22 per cent, respectively. The findings of the study indicated higher level of women economic empowerment in animal husbandry and household sectors.

Integrated assessment on the vulnerability of animal husbandry to snow disasters under climate change in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Animal husbandry is a dominant and traditional source of livelihood and income in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is the third largest snow covered area in China and is one of the main snow disaster regions in the world. It is thus imperative to urgently address the issue of vulnerability of the animal husbandry sector to snow disasters for disaster mitigation and adaptation under growing risk of these disasters as a result of future climate change. However, there is very few literature reported on the vulnerability of animal husbandry in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This assessment aims at identifying vulnerability of animal husbandry at spatial scale and to identify the reasons for vulnerability for adaptive planning and disaster mitigation. First, historical snow disaster characteristics have been analyzed and used for the spatial weight for vulnerability assessment. Second, indicator-based vulnerability assessment model and indicator system have been established. We combined risk of snow hazard, sensitivity of livestock to disaster, physical exposure to disaster, and community capacity to adapt to snow disaster in an integrated vulnerability index. Lastly, vulnerability of animal husbandry to snow disaster on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has been evaluated. Results indicate that high vulnerabilities are mainly concentrated in the eastern and central plateau and that vulnerability decreases gradually from the east to the west. Due to global warming, the vulnerability trend has eased to some extent during the last few decades. High livestock density exposure to blizzard-prone regions and shortages of livestock barn and forage are the main reasons of high vulnerability. The conclusion emphasizes the important role of the local government and community to help local pastoralists for reducing vulnerability to snow disaster and frozen hazard. The approaches presented in this paper can be used for snow disaster mitigation, resilience enhancement and effectively reducing vulnerability to natural hazards in other regions.

Evaluation of genetic and non-genetic factors on foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus vaccine-elicited immune response in Hardhenu (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) cattle.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of mammals and a major threat to animal husbandry sector. In India, vaccination with the inactivated trivalent (O, A and Asia1) vaccine is one proven way for protecting the livestock from FMD. However, many outbreaks have been reported in different parts of the country. Therefore, present study was aimed at elucidating the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on FMD viral vaccine-elicited immune response in Hardhenu cattle. The effect of season of vaccination was not consistent. The effect of status of animal was significant for all the pre and post AB titres except for pre AB titre of serotype O and post AB titre of Asia1.The estimates of heritability for response to vaccination were low to high ranging from 0.11 to 0.45. The highest heritability estimate was obtained for serotype O and the lowest for Asia1. The heritability estimates for pre and post AB titres ranged from 0.15 to 0.33. All the pre and post AB titres and responses to vaccination had genetic correlations ranged from high negative to high positive among them. Results of this study highlight the variation in vaccine response which needs to be further exploited on large-scale animal data for better immunization and protection against highly contagious viral vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals.

Variables predicting the role performance of field extension functionaries in animal husbandry sector of Karnataka: A multivariate approach

A research work was conducted to study the role performance of Field Extension Functionaries (FEFs) from Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services (DAH&VS) and Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF), and variables influencing the role performance of FEFs. Ex-post facto research design was employed for the study. The study was restricted to 120 FEFs of DAH&VS and KMF from 2 districts i.e. Bengaluru Rural and Bengaluru Urban districts of Karnataka state. Study indicated that majority (62.50%) of the FEFs were grouped under medium level of role performance category. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to select the variables suitable for regression model. Extraction method used for EFA was principal axis factoring and finally only 12 variables were picked whose extracted communalities value was >0.40. Testing of regression coefficient revealed that, only six variables viz. job satisfaction marital status, job involvement and information seeking behaviour family occupation and attitude towards work were found to be significant at 1%, 5% and 10% level of significance, respectively. The coefficient of determination value with twelve independent variables indicated that 53.44% of significant variation in the role performance was explained by the independent variables covered under the study which was found to be significant.

Peran dan Strategi Pengembangan Subsektor Peternakan dalam Pembangunan Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat

Agam District Government has the goal of improving economic growth rate of 5.94 percent in 2011 to 7.98 percent in 2017. However, the constraints experienced by the development of the animal husbandry sector is a decrease in the growth rate of the animal husbandry sector and the contribution to the GDP, it is necessary for the development of the animal husbandry subsector in Agam by taking into account various aspects. This study aims to analyze the potential and role of formulating priority strategies of alternative development strategy animal husbandry subsector. Results of the analysis of the animal husbandry subsector LQ is a commodity basis. The shift results proportional growth 10.72 percent negative growth. Region share growth of 2.33 percent. The results obtained from the alternative strategies SWOT matrix were analyzed using QSPM. development and coaching each region based on the existing potential (6.278), increasing the promotion and development of human resources breeder (5.773), to build and develop patterns of cooperation and mutual benefit (5.618), examination of animal health and disease prevention (5.406), implementation and development appropriate technology (5.330) and optimization in securing local resources (4.982). Selected strategic alternatives of highest appeal total development strategy as well as coaching is done each region based on the existing potential (6.278), then the suggestions can be made to the Government Agam namely increasing the number of livestock extension workers and attract investors to develop the livestock subsector in Agam District.

Testing the effectiveness of Pasu Sakhi: An innovation for resource poor farm women in Rajasthan

The present investigation was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Pasu Sakhi, a woman empowerment model in animal husbandry which is being carried out through Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP), a sub-component of National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM). The study was conducted in four districts of Rajasthan namely Alwar, Dholpur, Tonk and Dausa where the livestock component is being implemented through Pasu Sakhi (PS) model. The data were collected in the month of April 2016 by focused group discussions, observation and a semi-structured interview schedule to elicit the response from PS and woman farmer clients. The results revealed that the Project Implementing Agency (PIA) in Rajasthan, namely Centre for micro Finance (CmF), Jaipur effectively harnessed the social capital which was built up over a decade in earlier projects and greatly helped to achieve the targets set aside at grass root level through partner organisations in each selected district. The beneficiaries, although belonged to poor households could able to adopt few selected technologies such as deworming, mineral mixture feeding and milk products preparation. This paper discusses the various parameters of effectiveness of Pasu Sakhi model and suggests measures to further strengthen the same as a future demand driven gender sensitive decentralised extension model in the animal husbandry sector.

Policies and strategies for livestock development in India

The animal husbandry plays an important role in the national economy and in the socio-economic development of the country. Higher growth rates of 8–10 per cent in animal husbandry sector help in achieving the targeted growth rate of 6 per cent for the agriculture sector as a whole. Different strategies for livestock development are facilate genetic improvement and conservation of indigenous breeds, improve productivity of pasture lands through improved fodder seeds, improve the database in respect of livestock products and quarantine arrangements may be strengthened to avoid the outbreak of epidemics caused by invasive alien species. The policy measures should be stringent in implementing and should help in conserving the environment, culture, animal bio-diversity and sustainabily in agriculture. This, in a long way helps the small farmers to obtain a sustained livelihood.

Can Diversification of Livelihood Sources Increase Income of Farm Households? — A Case Study in Uttar Pradesh

This paper has examined the question ‘Can diversification of livelihood sources increase the income of farmers?’ through a case study conducted on 151 farm households in the districts of Moradabad and Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh in the first quarter of 2017. The study has considered three sources of income, viz. crops, animal husbandry and non-farm sector. The analytical tools used in the study are Simpson index of diversification, chi-square test and censored Tobit regression model. The study has observed a significant difference between the incomes of diversified and undiversified farm households. The determinants of income sources of farm households identified in the study are age, education level, use of ICT, access to credit, input supply and market. The study has suggested that to increase farmers’ income, policies should focus on the development of livestock sector to motivate them for rearing of animals for commercial purposes. Also, the delivery of formal and informal education and extension services should be strengthened to enable the farmers to utilize their full capacity and consequently earn more. Information centres should be opened at the block level to provide information on less time-consuming farming techniques, marketing and opportunities in the non-farm sector.

MORBIDITY OF CATTLE WITH ANTHRAX IN THE REPUBLIC OF CHAD

The unfavorable situation of epizootic anthrax in the Republic of Tchad plays a horrendous role marked with enormously negative impacts on the growth of livestock-breeding (animal husbandry) sec-tor. As a matter-of-fact, a wide variety of animals fall prey to this endemic ailment annually, especially cattle. The most practiced form of ranging in Tchad entails cattle breeding which involves the transmutations of breeds. Owing to the paucity of comprehensive frameworks designed to circumvent and arrest unintended repercussions in the administration of such a practice, the practice is susceptible to a plethora of errors that in turn facilitate epizootic processes, including epizootics of anthrax. More often than not, it is trans-mitted from one region of the country to the other. Subsequently, this endangers all other animal husbandry systems and subjects to grave danger peoples lives as well. The epizootic process is a spatial-temporal form of interaction between the population of the parasite and the host population. Nevertheless, the epi-zootic process is subject to influence exerted by the animal husbandry system, i.e. conditions, methods or means of keeping animals in a particular area. In this article is presented the statistics of affected beasts (cattle) in terms of population and these statistics are illustrated with the aid of tables and graphs.

Development of Animal Husbandry and Dairying in Second Five Year Plan (1956 to 1961)

<p><em>After independence in 1947, the Government of India started organized plan for the development of the country. Visible impact was not felt during the 1<sup>st</sup> plan period. Regular famine, division of country created a situation where supply of food to country men was a major problem before the Government. According during the second five year plan emphases was given on the development of agriculture and animal husbandry sectors. The second five year plan started in 1956. An outlay of Rs 56 crores was provided by the Government of India for development of animal husbandry and dairying. The object of animal husbandry programme was to supply milk, meat and eggs in order to balance the customary Indian diets and to provide bullock power for agricultural operations.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>In addition to by Products of agricultural food crops, residuesgrazing areas had been the main stay for cattle. Increase in the requirements of agriculture land for food production for the human population, development of industries road & buildings grazing areas have steadily diminished. Cattle raising had to undergo a basic change in the sense that its future would depend on mixed farming system. Most of the fodder have to be grown on the holding of the farmers.</em></p>

A Literature Review On The Development Phases Of Hungarian Pig Industry (1945 - 1989) Part I

Pig farming enjoys a significant tradition in Hungary and the pig industry plays a key role within the domestic animal husbandry sector. Raising pork has always played an important role in the domestic meat supply, but it has a crucial role in supplying the export markets. It can be concluded that our natural resources provide in themselves significant comparative advantages for us with a high proportion of arable land in agricultural use. Our social and economic endowments and potentials are also favourable for agricultural production and stock-raising. Our paper aims to employ financial data to describe the development of raising pig livestock in Hungary best characterized by its constant changes. Part I summarises two periods describing the changes affecting the animal husbandry sector and their subsequent impact on the economy. On the one hand, it covers the period following World War II, from 1945 to 1965, describing the situation of the country and the farmers; on the other hand, it lists the economic achievements and their impact on the pig industry preceding the political-economic transition in the course of the years lasting from 1966 to 1989.

Improving the delivery of veterinary services in India.

In pursuit of effective veterinary service delivery, the objectives of this study were threefold: (i) reduce the shortage of technical personnel in veterinary universities (VUs) and animal husbandry departments (AHDs), (ii) identify collaborative areas between VUs and AHDs, and (iii) build the capacity of the veterinary and animal husbandry sector. Primary data were collected from all the 16 veterinary colleges and AHDs in five south Indian states on: (i) student intake and the out-turn of veterinary graduates, (ii) technical personnel--existing and required at various levels, (iii) specific areas of collaboration where VUs and AHDs need each other and can extend support to each other, and (iv) areas in which university faculty and field veterinarians would benefit from further training. Two focus group discussions were held with top administrators of VUs and AHDs to collect qualitative data. The results revealed that there are not enough veterinary graduates to meet the needs of the system and that there is a shortage of faculty, field veterinarians and para-veterinarians. Both focus groups identified areas for collaboration and capacity building to improve veterinary service delivery. The results conclusively demonstrated that India's veterinary service delivery is constrained, not due to a lack of organisations or programmes, but due to the inability of the organisations to collaborate with each other. To improve the effectiveness of veterinary service delivery it will be necessary to: admit more graduate students, support the establishment of new colleges; recruit faculty, field veterinarians and para-veterinarians; remandate the Directorates of Extension at VUs to develop linkages with AHDs; allocate funds ('special central grants') for infrastructure development to all AHDs and veterinary colleges; establish one model veterinary college that follows international standards on veterinary education and create four regional academic staff training colleges exclusively for the purpose of developing the capacity of the veterinary and animal husbandry sector. Action plans to implement these recommendations are also suggested.

The driving force of water footprint under the rapid urbanization process: a structural decomposition analysis for Zhangye city in China

Located in a typical semi-arid area in China, Zhangye city has been experiencing increasing water shortage during the rapid urbanization process over the past decades. This paper conducted an input–output analysis (IOA) and structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to explore the water footprint (WF) of Zhangye city and its driving factors during 2001–2011. Particularly, the urbanization level was incorporated into the SDA to depict the relationship between urbanization and WF. The results showed that the WF of Zhangye city decreased from 1.01 billion m3 in 2001 to 0.997 billion m3 in 2011. The principal contributor to the slight reduction of the WF of Zhangye was the technological effect stemmed from the growth on the water consumption intensity and partly offset by the structural effect induced by the change of final demand structure. From the final demand perspective, structural effect as the principle driving factor contributed to the increment of both urban and rural household WFs by 206.3%, 136.3%, while urbanization rate 17.7% and −14.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, the growth of urban and rural household WFs were offset by technological effect and per capita scale effect, respectively. From the sectoral categories scale perspective, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, transportation communication and electronic equipment sectors are responsible for the variation of total WF and household WF. Technological innovation and final demand structure adjustment are also suggested to be the priorities for Zhangye to reduce the WF.

Biosecurity and disease management in China’s animal agriculture sector

China’s livestock production sector is changing rapidly to meet a variety of challenges. The country is pursuing a major public animal health infrastructure upgrade and is seeking better integration with international public animal health programs. The intent of this article is twofold. We provide an overview of and commentary on China’s animal husbandry sector and animal disease control policies. We also assess weaknesses in its animal farm biosecurity infrastructure and institutional underpinnings. China’s animal health administration shares institutional weaknesses in common with higher-income countries, but her problems are more pronounced. Administrative failings include poorly demarcated and inconsistent oversight as well as weak accountability. Heterogeneous professional standards in animal health careers, emphasis on quantity goals over qualitative metrics, as well as a want in scientific analysis and follow-through when prioritizing are other shortcomings. Spillovers from the general economy as well as government policies on animal health career professionalization and organization of animal sector production have been, on the whole, positive developments. While animal production is changing in ways that may pose intermediate-term threats to animal and human health, the longer-term outcome is likely to be a production base that poses fewer concerns for global health.

DETERMINANTS OF ROLE PERFORMANCE OF VETERINARY ASSISTANT SURGEONS OF ANDHRA PRADESH

A Study was conducted to identify the factors affecting role performance of VASs in Andhra Pradesh in India using ex-post facto research design. Data were collected from 220 respondents through pretested interview schedule selecting 20 VASs randomly from eleven selected districts in Andhra Pradesh. The data were subjected to correlation and multiple regressions to determine the factors of role performance. Self rating technique was adopted to measure the role performance using a schedule specially prepared for the study. Results revealed that among the group 43.00 per cent of the respondents were medium performers. Out of 16 independent variables, work motivation, availability of physical facilities, organizational job stress (negative), persistence disposition, participativeness and timeliness of availability were found dominating in estimation of role performance of VASs. It is proposed that administrators need to pay more attention on elements of human resource management strategy especially in terms of awards, rewards and appreciation of their hard work and initiate appropriate measures to improve the facilities and resources of VASs for livestock service delivery to the needy farmers. Therefore, apart from confirming a theoretical proposition, the findings of this study are likely to have significant implication in the development of Animal Husbandry sector

Seasonal variation in morbidity pattern in cattle by log-linear model approach

The present study was carried out to understand the seasonal variations in pattern of various diseases in cattle of Pune division of Maharashtra state of India during January 2010 to December 2010. Data of 1538 cattle (both dairy and beef, both male and female), mostly cross-breds, were collected from randomly selected 421 livestock owners by stratified two-stage random sampling design from study area. A log-linear model was used to understand the seasonal variation in incidence of various diseases in cattle. Out of total 1538 cattle, 342 cattle were found affected due to various diseases during study period. The chi-square analysis of data revealed that there was unlike pattern of incidences of various diseases in three seasons. Overall incidence of all diseases was high in winter (41.23%) followed by rainy (39.18%) than that of in summer (19.59%). Overall incidences of reproductive diseases (17.84%) and digestive diseases (11.11%) were major problems in whole study period. A log-linear modelling showed that the odds of incidences of reproductive diseases were significantly higher in summer as well as in rainy season than in winter season. Winter season was dominated by occurrences of digestive diseases as compared to any other diseases. It is suggested that field veterinarians and personnel in animal husbandry sector should give emphasis on providing more information to farmers regarding adoption of standard managemental practices to avoid losses due to reproductive diseases, digestive diseases and other problems in different seasons.

RESEARCH ISSUES AND PRIORITIES IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR AND DAIRY SCENARIO OF TRIPURA -A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Indian Agriculture is an economic symbiosis of crop production and animal rearing. In India 70 percent population and their livelihood is depending upon the agriculture. Same scenario is applicable for Tripura as well as the s ame North East India. Agriculture is an important sector in the economy o f the North East Region (NER), with its share in st ate domestic product (SDP) ranging from 19 percent to 37 percent in different states. In Tripura the total population of 70% popu lation and their livelihood is dependents on the agriculture. The paper contribute s to the effectual research is very necessary and timplacability to continued development process in agriculture at Tripura. On t he other aspects is animal, husbandry which is real ly substitute occupation for agriculture. one is dependent on another. Animal Hu sbandry is a state subject and the State Government s are primarily responsible for the growth of the sector. The Department of Ani mal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries has, however, b een operating 30 Central Livestock Organizations and allied Institutions for production and distribution of superior germ plasm s to the State Governments for cross breeding and genetic upgradation of the stock s. Besides, the Department has been implementing 11 Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes for the development of requisite infrastructure and supplementing the effo rts of the State Governments for achieving the accelerated growth of animal husb andry sector. The study mainly focuses the issues o f problems ,present status of animal husbandry and agriculture sector in Tripura. Keyword: Animal Husbandry, crossbreed Cattle, Research Prio rities, Sri (System Rice intensification) etc.

Farmers’ Suicide Deaths in India: Can it be Controlled?

India is agrarian country, since 72 per cent of the area is rural area and more than 60 per cent of the people depend on this sector. But, the contribution of this sector to the nation's GDP is less than 17 per cent. Agricultural sector has had low production due to a number of factors such as illiteracy, insufficient finance, and inadequate marketing of agricultural produces. Also the growth rate of the agricultural sector in India the GDP has declined due to the fact that the sector has not adopted modern technology and agricultural practices and insufficient irrigation facilities. The time is come to safe guard the agricultural sector and to stop the farmers’ suicides in the country. A special package is necessary to provide input subsidy and development of animal husbandry, horticulture and poultry sector and it is more help to the agrarian economy. The government may arrange a package of financial assistance to meet agricultural inputs and to meet expenditures of the social obligations

Glycoprotein C gene based molecular subtyping of a bovine herpesvirus -1 isolate from uttar pradesh, India.

Bovine herpesvirus -1 (BHV-1) is the etiological agent of many clinical syndromes in cattle which causes huge economic losses to the animal husbandry sector annually. Since the first report of its presence in India in 1976, the disease is considered to be endemic in the country. In the present study, a case of keratoconjunctivitis in a cow was investigated to find out the underlying cause of the condition. The clinical material (ocular swab) was tested by BHV-1 glycoprotein D gene specific PCR using in house designed primers and found to be positive by the presence of a 212bp DNA product in agarose gel electrophoresis. The virus was isolated in MDBK cell line in the third passage and the serum from the animal, was positive for antibodies against BHV-1 by ELISA. A 575bp segment of the glycoprotein C gene of the isolate was amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. On phylogenetic analysis, it was seen that the sequence matched with published BHV-1.1 sequences from USA and Uruguay whereas it was divergent from Brazilian BHV-1.1 isolates. This study highlights the isolation, rapid and sensitive detection of BHV-1 virus from clinical cases and its subtyping by nucleotide sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis which gives invaluable information about the molecular epidemiology of BHV-1 subtypes prevalent in the country.