Agricultural Animal Husbandry Research Articles

Antimicrobial use on pig farms in Thailand: Farmer perceptions of use and resistance

Limiting the use of antimicrobial agents in intensive livestock production is a challenge due to different perceptions between the short-term benefits of antimicrobial use (AMU) by livestock producers and the long-term social costs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its impact on human, animal, and environmental health. Pig farmers are key stakeholders supporting Thailand’s national strategic plan on AMR which aims to reduce antimicrobial consumption in the livestock sector. Consequently, this study explored the knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and practices of pig farmers towards AMU and AMR, expecting to provide information that would help guide policymakers in the development of a proper interventional program for antimicrobial stewardship. The qualitative approach utilized individual, face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the 20 owners of middle- and large-scale pig farms in eastern Thailand. The major themes identified in this finding were: (1) the use of antimicrobials on farms and the knowledge of antimicrobials; (2) AMU on pig farms (the purpose of AMU, antimicrobial prescription practices, and performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing); (3) attitudes towards prescribing practices and record keeping; (4) farm animal husbandry practices and AMU; (5) factors influencing AMU; and (6) awareness regarding AMR. Most of the pig farm owners recognized that achieving Good Agricultural Practices certification required following the legislation and regulations for AMU. Other observations were that the respondents had positive attitudes towards prescribing practices, performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing before antimicrobial therapy, and recording drug use on farms; however, there was low awareness of AMR. In addition, alternative substances, such as medicinal plants, and proper biosecurity practices were mentioned. Factors influencing AMU on pig farms were intensive enforcement of legislation and regulations, the implementation of farm management practices, the provision of information and consultancy services by veterinary professionals, farmer experience, and consumer trends.

Space use of free-range laying hens on two outdoor ranges with different amounts of vegetation cover

Consumers’ awareness of animal welfare in farm animal husbandry – including laying hen systems – increased in the last few decades. As a result, more and more farmers in Austria changed from barn systems to free-range husbandry. However, lack of structure and protective cover in the outdoor area might cause poor use of major parts of the outdoor range. Since the ancestor of domestic chicken – the red junglefowl – inhabits dense jungle forests with manifold ground vegetation, the structural design of an outdoor area might be of high importance for laying hens. To examine this assumption, a 15×15m grid of barrier tape was brought out on the ground of the outdoor ranges of two commercial free-range laying hen farms that differed in the amount of vegetation cover they provided. Using action cams, we took pictures of each quadrant in ten-minute intervals from 09:00h to 21:00h for a total of three full days. We ran GAMs for each farm separately with number of hens per quadrant and interval as dependent variable, and vegetation cover (yes/no) and position (edge/centre) of the quadrant, distance to the shed (in m), as well as temperature (in °C) as predictors. Date, time, and quadrant ID were included as smooth terms. We found a more even and widespread use of space of hens on the outdoor range with a large amount of vegetation cover (farm 1) compared to the range with a small amount of vegetation cover (farm 2). However, the number of hens decreased with increasing distance to the shed on both farms. Hens preferred edge over centre quadrants on the range of farm 1, but preferred centred quadrants with vegetation cover over those without cover on the range of farm 2. On the ranges of both farms, the number of hens decreased with increasing temperature on quadrants without vegetation cover, whereas no such effect was found for covered quadrants. These findings suggest vegetation cover to be a key factor for extensive range use, particularly in view of the expected increase in temperature due to climate change. Therefore, we recommend farmers to provide hens with highly structured outdoor ranges, not only to improve range use but also to offer hens a more species-appropriate environment, which is assumed to increase the hens’ welfare as well.

Exploring Waste Processing Technology in Animal Husbandry Practices among Millennial Farmers in Sleman District

Integrated sustainable agricultural systems prioritize the return of all generated byproducts to nature, aiming to prevent degradation of vital resources like land and water while minimizing environmental impact. This study delves into the adoption of waste processing technology within the domain of animal husbandry farming among millennial farmers in Sleman district. Utilizing qualitative and literature study methods, the research unveils the current practices of millennial farmers in the area regarding waste management in various animal husbandry categories. The findings indicate a proactive approach among millennial farmers, showcasing the implementation of technology in processing waste from different animal husbandry segments. In the case of large animal husbandry, waste is harnessed for both biogas production and organic fertilizer. Small animal husbandry operations exhibit a practice of repurposing waste into valuable organic fertilizer. Similarly, poultry farming operations in the region demonstrate a commitment to sustainability by converting waste into organic fertilizer. This research sheds light on the positive strides made by millennial farmers in Sleman district towards integrating innovative waste processing technologies into their animal husbandry practices, contributing to both environmental conservation and agricultural sustainability. This conclusion underscores the diversity in the strategies employed for the implementation of animal husbandry waste processing technology, with various approaches taken depending on the type of animal husbandry owned by millennial farmers.

Humans and Farm Animals in Documentary Film Narratives: A Romantic Perspective on the Problem of Capitalist Meat Production

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the role of Romantic notions in understanding contemporary human–animal relations. I examined how three documentaries dealing with the problem of farm-animal exploitation construct the relationship between farmers and meat producers on the one hand and farm animals on the other. Using the method of multimodal critical discourse analysis, I examined audiovisual and linguistic levels of documentaries. I argue that documentary narratives have a dual function in exploring these relationships. First, they produce anthropocentric narratives that focus on the farmer’s perspective and their experience of the relationship with farm animals. The anthropocentric narrative legitimizes the notions of traditional forms of sustainable agriculture in which animals graze freely, and a relationship of trust exists between farm animals and farmers. In this narrative, farm animals are portrayed as anthropomorphized and thus equal to humans. Ideologically, it follows the premodern idea of pastoralism. The second narrative is biocentric in that it focuses primarily on animals. This narrative consists of a critique of the exploitation of farm animals in large, industrialized fattening farms and slaughterhouses. I argue that the origins of both narratives lie in Romantic notions about the relationship between humans and animals. Ultimately, both narratives propagate a Romantic return to preindustrial pastoralism, advocating a harmonious coexistence of land, animals, and people, and rejecting industrial, mechanical, and technological forms of farm animal husbandry. I conclude by asking how Romantic ideas contest late capitalist forms of commodification of animals and what the limits of these ideas are in eliminating the exploitation of farm animals.

Sustainable agriculture and food sovereignty in Haiti: sharing knowledge and shaping understanding of food systems at the University of Fondwa

The Association of Peasants of Fondwa (APF), a grassroots organization led by a visionary Haitian Spiritan priest, established the private nonprofit University of Fondwa (UNIF) in Haiti in 2004. The University aims to fill a gap in educational opportunities for rural youth and to develop community leaders able to steward food security, sustainable farm animal husbandry, and small business development. Since the institution’s foundation, University faculty members have explored low-input sustainable agriculture techniques, which were inspired by strategies shared earlier by Cuban agronomists and adapted to the Fondwa region’s mountainous terrain. While the University has faced and continues to confront many challenges related to its sustainability as an institution, this article describes the processes by which its faculty and students have conducted diagnoses of soils and crop choices, the innovations they have developed and introduced to improve harvest productivity in rural Haiti and, especially, the ways and means by which they have sought to share such (re)thinking of traditional practices with local farmers. We argue that the University of Fondwa faculty’s close collaboration with local farmers and the agricultural techniques they have refined thereby have not only improved food security for the families involved but have also contributed to the creation of social capital in the countryside and enabled participating Haitian farmers to imagine a path toward food sovereignty. In addition, by educating farmers and providing them tools to improve their food production, the University has worked to close the deep inequality gap that exists between urban and rural Haiti.

Conceptualization of the principles of providing livestock products producers with concentrated feed

The article conceptualizes the principles, outlines the issues, and identifies directions for providing animal producers with concentrated animal feed. The state's role in regulating feed production processes is highlighted, encompassing strategic, medium-term, ecological, investment, economic, and natural-climatic support. The article defines the feed market's essence as a system of organizational and economic relations between production and consumption entities involving agreements on the purchase and sale of feeds, as well as their classification and varieties. The aim of the research is a conceptual analysis of the situation in animal husbandry and the determination of possibilities for further industry development. Literary studies, information from scientific journals, and the author's direct research serve the article's purpose. The subject of the study is the formation of economic relations within the scope of feed production in Ukraine and the Polish experience. Producers of compound feed and feed additives have been analyzed. Problems facing participants in the animal feed market in Ukraine are identified, particularly producers in agricultural animal husbandry sectors. It is proved that organic farming contributes to increased production volumes and positively impacts the environment. It has also been found that effective feed production and supply in Ukraine are only possible with an efficient and complete market. Various risks associated with industrial production of animal products are considered, including economic, ecological, volatility-related, and risks related to public health. It has drawn attention to the importance of the correct selection of feed for animals. The main directions of state support for animal husbandry are highlighted: strategic, medium-term, ecological, investment, economic, natural, and climatic. The results of the research indicate that feed production is significant in the feed market since ensuring a balanced diet with essential vitamins and minerals is crucial for animal nutrition and for providing the animal husbandry sector with proper feeds. Keywords: conceptualization; feed; fodder production; feed market; animal husbandry

THE ANCIENT SCRIPT OF AL FILAHA AL ANDALUSIA: THE BOOK OF AGRICULTURE, THE GOLDEN GLORY IN ISLAM THE MASTERPIECES OF IBN AWWAM AL ISBILIYA ANDALUSIA 7TH CENTURY HIJRIYAH/12 AD

This research examines the Al Filaha Manuscript, the masterpiece of Ibn Awwam al Isbiliya Andalusia. Goals achieved: present representative, revealing text edits Agriculture The Golden Age of Islam in the 7th Hijriyah / 12th Century ADin the text, and explain the possibility of moral values ​​relevant to present and future life. The methodology used was philological research and data collection tools by observing and recording. The work steps of philological research include: determining research objectives, inventorying manuscripts, observing, describing manuscripts, transliterating manuscripts, editing and translating texts, as well as summarizing the contents of manuscripts and analyzing contents. The currently under-study manuscript contains texts relevant to agricultural literature, which holds significant importance in the Islamic world. Altogether, the manuscript consists of 34 chapters. A total of 30 chapters explain agriculture, and the last 4 chapters explain animal husbandry farming. This manuscript also describes approximately 585 types of plants and how to plant 50 types of fruit trees. Divided into two parts, among others, The first part, Ibn al-Awwam, systematically explains how to choose land for agricultural land. In the second part, al-Filaha talks about animal husbandry. The content in the text is very relevant in today's life because moral values are relevant to present and future life

Effect of farm Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (farm HACCP) certification efforts on emissions of volatile organic compounds from livestock sheds in Japan.

"Farm HACCP" incorporates the concept of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) into farm animal husbandry and sanitation management to ensure the safety of livestock products and improve productivity. Implementing farm HACCP may reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are derived from livestock manure and are responsible for odors, PM2.5 , and photochemical oxidants. In this study, the effects of implementing farm HACCP on the emissions, composition, and environmental impact of VOCs from sheds were evaluated. VOCs in swine, dairy cattle, and hen sheds were measured before and after implementing farm HACCP. After implementing farm HACCP, the concentrations in the sheds were 55%-80% lower than the concentration in the sheds before. Odor activity values decreased in the cattle and hen sheds, whereas they increased in the swine shed. In addition, OH radical reactivity, an indicator of reactivity with OH radicals, decreased in all sheds. Finally, the emission rates of VOCs from each shed were estimated to be 42%-97% lower. These results suggest that implementing farm HACCP can reduce emissions of VOCs from livestock industries.

A legeltetés, mint antropogén tevékenység hatása a Bugac melletti, alföldi legelőkre

The coenological quadrats were made in 1997, 2005, 2010 and 2021 in a sandy grassland which is used as cattle pasture. The quadrats can be sort in three groups. The first group of quadrats was made close to the cattle pen (Zone A: 0-50 m). The second group was made farther (Zone B: 50-150), where the grazing is not so intensive. The third group contains the quadrats which were made farther than 150m (Zone C). The animals use this area rarely, therefor this part of the pasture is undergrazed (Penksza et al., 2010a). The coenological survey was carried out with 2×2 meter squares, recording the cover value. The species names follow the nomenclature of Király (2009) and Engloner et al. (2001).
 
 The rate of species which indicate degradation is the highest near to the cattle pen (0-50m). But farther than 50m the rate of species which indicates naturalness is higher. Lower nature conservation value can be observed near to the cattle pen. In this area weeds and degradation tolerant species can be found in the highest amount. Their ratio grew in the second zone (50-150m) too in the past few years, but the species which compose the natural vegetation also survived, so the species composition is able for regeneration. With the decreasing of grazing intensity the sample area could meet the requirements of nature conservation.
 Data evaluation was made with considering naturalness state in case of habitats; and on the other hand, according to relative ecological factors of occurring species. A significant change in species composition could be detected. Particularly, deterioration of areas could be experienced. These negative processes are extremely heavy inside and near the animal husbandry farm. Even aggressive, invasive plant species occurred. Among dominant grass species, dominance relations and covering rate of disturbance tolerant Cynodon dactylon and Lolium perenne species have increased, caused partly by overgrazing and trampling as well. A new species, Poa humilis, appeared in the zone “A” in 2020, which is a degradation indicator species and tolerates overgrazing and trampling (Penksza and Böcker, 1999/200; Penksza, 2009). Farther from the farm, rate of degradation showed by vegetation has decreased compared to the areas closer to the farm, however, it has increased even on the farther area between the two time periods. During the preparation of management plans for the grasslands, these data should be considered at a higher rate in favor of preserving natural values,

An effective strategy for the detection of tetracycline by N,S-doped carbon nanodots after preconcentration with a hybrid functional nanocomposite

Contamination with the antibiotic tetracycline (TC) used in animal husbandry is a serious problem in the food safety and environmental pollution fields and may cause severe diseases in humans. An effective strategy for detecting tetracycline at trace levels is therefore needed. Here, a combination of two effective strategies for enhancing the analytical performance of tetracycline detection, namely, a sensitive fluorescence method after a preconcentration step, was developed. Ultratrace tetracycline contamination was extracted with a hybrid functional nanocomposite of magnetic nanoparticles coated with a mixed metal hydroxide (MNPs@MMH), which were separated using a permanent magnet and transferred to a small volume of the eluting solution. Through the inner filter effect (IFE), the concentration of eluted tetracycline was effectively correlated with the decrease in emission intensity of the fluorescent probes (N,S-doped carbon nanodots; N,S-CDs). Under the optimal conditions, the detection range for tetracycline was 0.80 to 10 µM. The detection limit for TC sensing was 0.16 µM. This reported method was used to successfully detect tetracycline contamination in milk and water samples from an animal husbandry farm.

ZOOTECH IN NATIVE ANIMALS

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Study on the Relationship between Low-Carbon Circular Farming and Animal Husbandry Models and Human Well-Being: A Case Study of Yongchang County, Gansu Province

The detrimental effects of climate change require countries and regions to use green and low-carbon strategies as the basis for economic development. Agriculture and livestock industry have become among the main industries that emit greenhouse gases. Yongchang County is suitable for the development of large-scale livestock operations due to its unique geographical advantages. However, the potential effects of the carbon dioxide emissions and the environmental impact potential of various farming and animal husbandry farming models on human well-being need to be considered. The purpose of this paper is to use life cycle assessment (LCA) to comprehensively assess the carbon emissions and environmental impact of circular agriculture and livestock industry and to provide important decision support for the establishment of a low-carbon circular agriculture and animal husbandry model. It uses a 75 kg dairy sheep as a functional unit to combine a noncircular farming model (S1) and a circular farming model (S2). The degree of carbon emissions, environmental impact potential and human well-being environmental effects are compared. The results show that the carbon dioxide emission of S1 is 891.3 kg, while the emission of S2 is 647.3 kg, and the difference between the two is 244 kg. S2 has a lower global warming potential than the S1 model; hence, the S2 model, which uses biogas for power, has lower carbon emission than the S1 model. From the perspective of human well-being and environmental benefits, the S2 model of biogas power generation is a low carbon emission and high-benefit model. The biogas power generation model lays the foundation for the realization of the “peak carbon dioxide emissions” and “carbon neutralization” goal, strengthens ecological protection on the north side of the Qilian Mountains and improves human well-being in the region.

Thermomechanical processing of components of combined feeds by the expansion method

The availability of high-quality combined feed largely determines the level of economic development in animal husbandry and poultry farming since, in the structure of the cost of livestock products, feed costs reach 65 – 70%. At the same time, the authors of this article aim to compare the current situation around the feed industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan with a similar situation in the Russian Federation, as the formation of this industry in our countries has common roots. Thermomechanical processing methods are proposed to implement deep physicochemical changes in the protein-carbohydrate complex of components of combined feeds. As a result, the quality of the combined feeds improves. Starch gelatinization occurs, and starch grains transition into a more digestible form, contributing to its better assimilation. Bacterial contamination decreases, and coliform bacteria, colon bacillus, mould fungi, and salmonella are destroyed.

Изучение новых селекционных гибридов люцерны

Alfalfa is the most valuable legume crop, which has fodder, agrotechnical, meliorative and phytosanitary significance. The problem of increasing protein production as the main source of increasing the productivity and efficiency of agricultural animal husbandry is of vital importance all over the world. In animal husbandry, there is a significant shortage of protein in feed, which reduces the quality of the products obtained and reduces its profitability. A successful solution to this valuable problem is possible on the basis of a rapid increase in the production of high-protein plants. In the Non-Chernozem zone, such a crop is alfalfa. As a perennial crop, it is distinguished by longevity, high yield, and nutritional value of feed. For agricultural production in this region of the country, alfalfa varieties are needed that are resistant to mowing in the early stages of development, when plants have high forage qualities; with high competitive ability; well-leafy, hardy and resistant. In this regard, scientific experiments were conducted in breeding and control nurseries. In the breeding nursery, mainly simple and complex hybrids of yellow and variable alfalfa were studied. As a result of the research, promising samples were selected that wintered well in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. In terms of seed productivity, the M-2 sample stood out on average over two years of scientific research.

Assessment of innovative development of the agro-industrial complext

The economic development of the agribusiness in current conditions largely depends on the implementation and practical use of scientific and technological achievements, such as new varieties of agricultural crops, high-performance machines and equipment for performing processes in crop production, animal husbandry, processing of agricultural products, robots, and information and digital technologies. Regions play a special role in this taking into account the specifics of the territories. Ensuring continuous innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy is envisaged in the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025. One of the real means of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production is the information and consulting support of the industry, which makes it possible to bring scientific and technological achievements to all participants in integrated scientific and technical projects for the development of seed breeding and production of major agricultural crops, as well as agricultural machinery. The innovative potential of the regions is entirely related to human resources and their knowledge. Regions are actively introducing elements of precision farming and smart animal husbandry into agricultural production. This is facilitated by the state agricultural policy focused on the development of innovative processes in the industry.

Algorithms for Cost Oriented Cyber Physical System (COCPS) for intelligent control of animal husbandry farms

One of the important aspects of modern animal husbandry farms operations is to provide optimal and healthy environment for the animals and to increase productivity by precise indoors environment control, achieving lower energy consumption of the buildings and optimal amounts of food intake of the animals. This complex task can be achieved by the proposed Cost Oriented Cyber Physical System (COCPS) for intelligent control of animal husbandry farms. By implementing the described control algorithms, the COCPS by monitoring a wide range of indoor environment parameters can control a large variety of subsystems, in order to create beneficial and healthy environment for the animals and increase their productivity.

Research of safety and toxicity of drug “Biozapin”

Modern animal husbandry and poultry farming is developing very rapidly compared to the possibilities of previous years. Obtaining high economic indicators is possible with balanced feeding and strict observance of veterinary and sanitary measures. Failure to comply with the technology of cultivation leads to the activation of opportunistic pathogens. During the industrial rearing of animals, microflora accumulates both indoors and in the environment. Fattening animals with pelleted feed indoors and the lack of contact with donors of typical microorganisms available in nature (soil, insects, plants) lead to the intestine's colonization by enterobacteria. As a result, probiotics have become very popular in animal husbandry and poultry to normalize the intestinal microflora and disinfect humus, treat animal housing, and eliminate odors: probiotics – microbial drugs which are stabilized cultures of microorganisms that have antagonistic activity against pathogenic microflora. Today, the sources of probiotic strains are nine species of microorganisms. However, probiotics' antimicrobial and stimulating potential based on safe and effective strains of B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens bacilli is much higher than probiotics based on Lacto- and bifidobacteria. The study aimed to investigate the safety and cute toxicity of the probiotic drug “Biozapin” based on a mixture of probiotic bacteria Bacillus sybtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and aluminosilicate with a single injection into animals and to establish the maximum therapeutic, toxic and lethal doses. The article presents information on the study results of acute toxicity and safety of the drug “Biozapin”. At intragastric administration of this drug to white mice at a dose of 5000 mg/kg of body weight, it does not cause their death; therefore, it is possible to draw a conclusion that this drug is nontoxic. Dilution of the drug “Biozapin” in various concentrations are harmless to the simplest tetrachimene piriformis. The increase in live weight of one head of mice with forced administration of the drug “Biozapin” intragastrically in different concentrations was: sample № 1 – 11.5 %, sample № 2 – 10.0 %, sample № 3 – 13.5 %, sample № 4 – 11.7 %, sample № 5 – 11.1 %, in the control group – 13.9 %. At pathological autopsy of animals, no visible pathological changes were found. The results of toxicological studies have shown that the drug “Biozapin” is harmless and non-toxic.

Juh- és marhalegelő cönológia és gyepgazdálkodási vizsgálata kiskunsági területeken

The coenological relevés were prepared in 2007 and 2008 on two pasture-lands in the Great Hungarian Plain. areas situated inside and near (0 to 50 meters far from) an animal husbandry farm belong to the first group. Coenological relevés gained from areas situated 50 to 150 meters far from intensively used areas belong to the second group. Data evaluation was made with considering naturalness state in case of habitats, and on the other hand, according to relative ecological factors of occurring species. Primarily, degradation of areas could be experienced. These negative processes are extremely heavy inside and near the animal husbandry farm.

Flock status - sheep flock assessment - Ressource and management related welfare indicators

The welfare status of sheep flocks may be assessed via animal-, resource-, and management-related indicators. The benefits of multiple-choice questionnaires are however impaired by the diversity of sheep breeds and husbandry. From a veterinary flock health management point of view, the presented review describes the influence of environment, climate, supervision as well as additional factors under consideration of legal regulations. The improvement of welfare is a common concern of all players in the field of farm animal husbandry. Based on this, challenges as well as possibilities for improvement exist for legal and administrative institutions as well as pharmaceutical industry.

The Moral Foundations of Care and Authority and the Perception of Animal Mind in Relation to Violence Against Animals

ABSTRACT Violence against animals, derived from human domination over them, is limited by the moral judgment of perpetrators and by public opinion. The current study investigated whether the moral foundations of Care and Authority and the perception of animal mind are associated with instrumental violence against animals, as well as the function of perception of animal mind in the context of this phenomenon. To this end, 504 participants from Poland completed paper-based questionnaires that measured acceptance and participation in instrumental violence against animals, moral foundations, and perception of the experience dimension of animal mind. The results of structural equation modeling, performed using four smaller sub-models, suggest that Care and Authority are predictors of instrumental violence against animals, with Care being negatively predictive and Authority being positively predictive (either as the acceptance of or participation in such violence). Perception of the experience dimension of animal mind is negatively associated with instrumental violence and plays an indirect role in the relationship between morality and violence as a mutual mediator of Care and Authority. These findings suggest that perception of animal mind is a mechanism that is activated during the moral judgment of intention and behavior by changing the moral status of animals. Moreover, Care and Authority were significant as direct predictors of instrumental violence. Thus, the availability of these moral foundations in society is important for animal welfare during farm-animal husbandry, pet breeding, transport, training, and treatment. These findings broaden our knowledge about the intuitive, rather than only the deliberative, paths responsible for violence against animals.