Animal Genetic Resources Research Articles

La diversidad de los animales criollos en el mercado de San Francisco El Alto, Totonicapán

El Mercado de San Francisco El Alto ofrece la mayor oferta pecuaria de la Región del Occidente de Guatemala,funciona los días viernes de cada semana, con asistencia de comerciantes nacionales y de países vecinos, en ventas al mayoreo de los productos. El archivo de la Municipalidad reporta un movimiento de diez a doce millones de quetzales semanales. Correspondiendo más de la mitad de dicho ingreso a la compra venta de animales. La ubicación del municipio es estratégica, comunicada por la Carretera Interamericana, a distancias cortas de los municipios y departamentos de Totonicapán; a quien pertenece; Quetzaltenango, Huehuetenango y San Marcos, por estudios realizados se conoce que los vendedores “intermediarios” de animales vivos, se movilizan en todas las plazas de mercadeo pecuario del Occidente, dentro de un calendario semanal que lo permite. El sondeo inicial consistió en 3 visitas al mercado de San Francisco, pudiendo documentar la mayor oferta en porcinos, aves (gallinas, pavos y patos),ovinos, vacunos, caprinos, equinos y caninos de varias razas y encastes en ese orden; prevalecen los fenotipos de razas modernas en los mamíferos y criollas en las aves, de las cuales también se ofrecen huevos fértiles y los productos de especies marinas deshidratados o en harina. si se compara la presencia de las razas modernas o “mejoradas”de 30 años a la fecha, se observa un incremento, debido a la erosión de las Razas Criollas Locales; animales que fenotípicamente muestran su origen y tienen preferencia especial por degustación de personas conocedoras,además se considera resistencia a algunas enfermedades. Sin embargo, se observan problemas de parasitosis,nutrición y consanguinidad que limitan la expresión del verdadero potencial de las razas criollas locales, como se observa en las fotografías del estudio. La procedencia de los vendedores-compradores de razas domésticas, se puede determinar para propósitos de asistencia técnica o rescate de Recursos Zoogenéticos Locales de cara a proyectos específicos. Esta comunicación pretende promover estudios y proyectos a entidades de investigación, educación yde transferencia tecnológica. Considerando las razas locales criollas un patrimonio para ser desarrollado e insertarlo dentro de sus programas, además realizar actividades en mercados similares en Guatemala.

PROBLEM OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF FARM ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES

PROBLEM OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF FARM ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE BULLS OF THE CARPATHIAN BROWN BREED BY KAPPA-KASEIN (CSN3) GENE

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE BULLS OF THE CARPATHIAN BROWN BREED BY KAPPA-KASEIN (CSN3) GENE

In-situ Conservation Strategy to Safeguard Sentul Chickens in the Future

Animal genetic resources such as indigenous chickens are part of biodiversity. Sentul chickens are one of indigenous chickens in Indonesia which are regarded as local to Ciamis District in West Java. It is reported that the population of pure Sentul Chickens are in decline. This study was aimed to find out the current population of pure Sentul chickens in three areas in West Java and to develop a conservation strategy to safeguard Sentul chickens in the future. The study used qualitative method to gather data including literature review and key informant interviews. The informants consisted of a leader of farmer group and managers of breeding centers. The interviews were carried out in Ciamis, Majelengka and Bogor Districts. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results indicated that population of Sentul chickens in Ciamis are in decline, while population in areas outside Ciamis such as Bogor tend to increase. There is a need to develop an in-situ conservation program in which Ciamis District should be assigned to be the center area to provide pure Sentul chickens in West Java. To support the conservation program, stakeholders such as local government, research institutions, universities and farmer groups play important roles. Keywords: in-situconservation strategy, Sentul chickens, animal genetic resources, biodiversity.

The Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center’s (OAPGRC) Science Café: A Success Story”

Science Cafés are held in many towns and cities across the world for the promotion of scientific culture and the understanding of our daily lives, which we live in. They provide a platform for interaction and dialogue between scientists, researchers, businesses and the community on trends towards current scientific issues the extent of their impact on culture and society. The Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (OAPGRC) Science Cafe is a forum for the discussion of important and interesting scientific topics and issues. Since May 2013 to December 2015, OAPGRC has held a series of science café sessions on topics related to biodiversity, food security, climate change, pollution and sustainable use. The OAPGRC science café is the first in Oman to be put on the international map of scientific cafes around the world. Reviewing the data on the outcomes and performance of these sessions indicates that the session attendance and active participation was 51% by men and 49% women. This is an exceptional case where the interest is almost equal between the genders. As for the age group, the highest percentage 49% was of a class of young people aged between 18-25 years. Followed by the age group (26-35 years) which was 30%. The lowest percentage was 21% for the age group of above 35 years. The experience of the science café in Oman has been proved as a major success for both the scientific and social aspects. Therefore there are different plans to maintained and develop it in the near future.

Female reproductive system morphology of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and cryopreservation of genetic material for animal germplasm bank enrichment.

The sprawl of the urbanization and road network process without building ecological corridors contributes to the high mortality rates and a threat to the population decline of wild species such as the crab-eating fox. A strategy for the ex situ conservation is the study of the reproductive biology of the species and cryopreservation of their genetic heritage through the formation of an animal germplasm bank. This research is in accordance with the principles adopted by Brazilian College of Animal Experimentation. Reproductive systems of Cerdocyon thous females (n=7) were examined macroscopically and microscopically by histological techniques and scanning electron microscopy. Gross features showed the shape of the ovaries was similar to a bean, and the elongated oviducts lengths were between 5 and 8cm, with body of the uterus (3cm) with long and narrow uterine horns (9-11cm). The cervix was as a single annular conformation carrying out communication between the uterus and the vagina. The vagina has lengthened and circular muscle and the vulva with dense anatomical conformation with a quite pronounced clitoris. In addition, with regard to the establishment of a cell line (fibroblasts) for the gene bank enrichment, cells showed a low clonogenic capacity, especially when compared to domestic dogs, which can be explained by "in vitro" environment, age and diet of the animal. However, it was possible to create a bank of limited cell number. This study had morphological and preservationist character and aimed to help at long term in the conservation of wild animal's genetic resources.

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of the Italian bantam chicken breed Mericanel della Brianza

Abstract The development of the large-scale intensive poultry production system caused, in recent past, an almost complete disappearance of native breeds. The Mericanel della Brianza (MB) is an Italian bantam chicken breed characterized by optimal rusticity and a very good attitude to broodiness. The aim of this study was to assess peculiar phenotypic characteristics, breeding performance and genetic makeup of a small MB chicken nucleus under an in situ conservation program at the Poultry Conservation Centre of Local Genetic Resources of the University of Milan since 2010. The number of selected breeders in the nucleus progressively increased over the 5 years time from 22 (8M+14F) in 2010 to 58 (10M+48F) in 2014. FAO guidelines for phenotypic characterization of animal genetic resources were used to describe the productive, the reproductive traits and the performance of the MB chickens. The mean number of eggs per hen per week increased progressively from 1.86 in 2010 to 2.33 in 2014. Overall mean egg weight was 33.8 g (SD 3.71 g and CV 11%) and proportion of fertile eggs was 84%. Genetic screening of breeders was performed in 2010, 2012 and 2014 using the panel of 30 microsatellite loci recommended by ISAG and FAO for biodiversity studies. A total of 120 blood samples from twenty-four families (eight in 2010, six in 2012 and ten in 2014) were included in the study. The Mean Number of Alleles (MNA), the allelic frequencies, the observed (H O ) and expected (H E ) heterozygosity, the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) and the inbreeding coefficient (F IS ) value were estimated. All markers were polymorphic with the exception of the MCW0034 and MCW0248 loci. These two markers and other 4, not properly amplifying, were excluded from analyses. A total number of 77 alleles (MNA = 3.08) in 25 microsatellites have been detected in the overall population. The genetic diversity within and among families was determined with the Wright's F-statistics fixation index (F ST ). F ST showed similarities among breeders within the nucleus in 2012 and 2014, but disclosed a variation respect to the nucleus of individuals of 2010. The genetic distance observed across years was confirmed by the PCA analysis. Despite the selection applied to decrease the presence of undesired traits (i.e. both morphological and reproductive traits), the genetic variability was conserved in the nucleus population across years.

Effect of cryoprotectants and thawing temperatures on chicken sperm quality.

There is need for standardization of freezing-thawing protocol for rooster semen to minimize variability among results. Therefore, we aimed to compare effect of four different permeating cryoprotectants and two thawing temperatures (37 vs. 5°C) on sperm post-thaw motility and to analyse combined effect of the best permeating cryoprotectant (P-CPA) with one of four non-permeating cryoprotectants (N-CPA) on post-thaw quality of rooster semen evaluated in vitro. Pooled semen from Ross PM3 rooster heavy line was diluted in Kobidil extender and frozen in cryoprotectant solution containing 6% dimethylacetamide, 7.5% dimethylformamide, 9% N-methylacetamide or 8% ethylene glycol (EG) in liquid nitrogen vapours. To determine the best thawing rate, straws were thawed either at 37 or 5°C. Furthermore, samples were frozen in the presence of the best N-CPA either with 0.75mol/L ficoll, 0.2mol/L sucrose, 0.2mol/L trehalose or 0.05mol/L glycine. Sperm motility, membrane destabilization and viability were analysed to compare different freezing-thawing conditions. In addition, morphology and ultrastructure analysis were performed to compare fresh and frozen-thawed sperm quality. Our results indicate that the combination of EG and the thawing at 5°C improves (p≤.05) sperm post-thaw motility. Moreover, ficoll addition to EG-based freezing extender provided additional beneficial effect (p≤.05) on progressive movement and apoptosis incidence. Further work should evaluate different N-CPA concentrations to improve freezing protocol. In addition, fertility evaluation and testing on different chicken lines are needed in order to contribute to animal genetic resources bank.

Technical note: Induction of pluripotent stem cell-like cells from chicken feather follicle cells.

Pluripotent stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are regarded as representative tools for conservation of animal genetic resources. Although ESC have been established from chicken, it is very difficult to obtain enough embryos for isolation of stem cells for avian conservation in most wild birds. Therefore, the high feasibility of obtaining the pluripotent cell is most important in avian conservation studies. In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-like cells (iPSLC) from avian Feather Follicular cells (FFC). Avian FFC are one of the most easily accessible cell sources in most avian species, and their reprogramming into pluripotent stem cells can be an alternative system for preservation of avian species. Intriguingly, FFC had mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC)-like characteristics with regard to gene expression, protein expression, and adipocyte differentiation. Subsequently, we attempted to generate iPSLC from FFC using retroviral vectors. The FFC-iPSLC can proliferate with the stem pluripotent property and differentiate into several types of cells in vitro. Our results suggest that chicken FFC are an alternative cell source for avian cell reprogramming into pluripotent stem cells. This experimental strategy should be useful for conservation and restoration of endangered or high-value avian species without sacrificing embryos.

Dairying in South Asian region: opportunities, challenges and way forward

South Asian region is blessed with high diversity of dairy animal genetic resources. The role of dairying in livelihood, nutritional and food security of millions of people living in south Asian countries has been well understood. Among livestock, dairy animal assumes much significance since dairying is acknowledged as the major instrument in bringing about socio-economic transformation of rural poor and sustainable rural development. Dairying provides a stable, year-round income, which is an important economic incentive for the small holder farmers. Dairying directly enhance the household income by providing high value output from low value input besides acting as wealth for future investment. This region is home for about 745 Million of Dairy Animal Populations that accounts 21% of global daily animals. Besides, 25% of world‘s cattle and buffaloes, 15% of the sheep and goat, and 7% of the camel are inhabitant in the region. South Asia is currently producing about 200 Million tons of milk that accounts around 20% of global production despite low productivity of the dairy animals. This study focused the data related to dairying in different countries of the region and situation analyses of input and delivery system for identifying the points of interventions to boosting dairy production and processing. In gist, this study documented the facts about the current dairying in the south Asia and envisages the priorities to make the dairying sustainable and more productive with the aim to cater the inclusive development of dairying in the region. It is hoped that this will provide a wealth of information to the researchers, planners, entrepreneurs and other stakeholders for upliftment of dairy industry in the region.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 173-187 (2017)

English

Conservation of farm animal genetic resources is of fundamental importance for the study of the relationships among breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the nuclear fluorescence inter simple sequence repeat (FISSR) markers in order to shed light on the genetic biodiversity of domestic animals. Two modifications of the original technique were made so as to make it more suitable for routine needs. The modified FISSR protocol was tested on different breeds of goat and donkey from Sardinia, a Mediteranean island known for its biodiversity. The two species are affected by different management problems in Sardinia: goats need a traceability of local products from different breeds, whereas donkeys are drastically reduced in number. The primers used were found to be very informative suggesting that the modified FISSR can be successfully applied in studies on different breeds of animal species without expensive experimentations. This method could be of interest in many geographic regions where there are more breeds of the same species with similar morphological features and different genetic pattern. The strongest point of this method is its low cost. Key words: Fluorescence inter simple sequence repeat (FISSR), biodiversity, genetic variability, goat, donkey.

Assessing the diversity of preferences of suburban smallholder sheep keepers for breeding rams in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Urbanisation in developing countries entails deep changes in the livestock sector and the management of animal genetic resources (AnGR). Sheep breeding around Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) illustrates these changes and the need to coordinate genetic improvement in general and the use of crossbreeding in particular. For this, it is important to understand breeders' choices and improvement strategy, to accompany them within a national plan for AnGR management. In a context of missing market for breeding rams, a stated choice experiment was conducted with 137 farmers, together with a characterisation of herd management practices. This survey analyses farmers' preferences for breeding rams, estimating their willingness to pay (WTP) for different traits (attributes). Their practices were characterised by a high reliance on natural pastures (82% of farmers) and a minority of crossbreeding (23%). The highest WTP was observed for disease resistance. However, the subgroup of farmers practicing crossbreeding showed a tolerance to high susceptibility. A strong preference for the white colour was revealed. Although significant, the influence of sheep body size on decision-making showed a lesser importance, again with a distinct behaviour in the subgroup practicing crossbreeding. These results illustrate the need to take account of the diversity of goals and preferences among smallholder sheep keepers to gain their adhesion to a coordinated genetic improvement framework.

Viability of carabao (Bubalus bubalis carabanensis) epididymal sperm from post mortem testes in semen extender at refrigerated temperature

Post mortem epididymal sperm (ES) is an excellent source of germplasm for conservation of animal genetic resources. In this study, the viability of post mortem ES from carabao after collection at ambient temperature (AT) and after 24 hr and 48 hr of storage at refrigeration temperature (RT) were evaluated. ES were collected through slicing of epididymides from 7 carabaos. The mean ES volume was 0.4 ml with sperm concentration of 2.5×109 cells/ml. The mean percentage livability of fresh ES, after 24 hr and 48 hr of storage at RT were 81.93%, 65.93% and 43.7%, respectively. The mean percentage abnormalities of fresh ES, after 24 hr and 48 hr of storage at RT were 44.15%, 38.5% and 43.47%, respectively. The mean percentage motility of fresh ES, after 24 hr and 48 hr of storage at RT were 60.0%, 50.0% and 17.24%, respectively, after analysis through conventional means. Through CASA, the mean percentage motility was observed to be lower significantly at 26.12%, 37.94% and 18.32% for fresh ES, after 24 hr and 48 hr of storage at RT, respectively. The mean progressive motility of fresh ES, after 24 hr and 48 hr storage at RT were 10.02%, 16.47% and 10.87%, respectively. The results suggest that ES potential for use in fertilization studies remained viable when used immediately or after storage at RT for the first 24 hr.

A WebGIS platform for the monitoring of Farm Animal Genetic Resources (GENMON).

BackgroundIn 2007, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) initiated the Global plan of action for Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR). The main goal of this plan is to reduce further loss of genetic diversity in farm animals, so as to protect and promote the diversity of farm animal resources. An important step to reach this goal is to monitor and prioritize endangered breeds in the context of conservation programs.Methodology/Web portal implementationThe GENMON WebGIS platform is able to monitor FAnGR and to evaluate the degree of endangerment of livestock breeds. The system takes into account pedigree and introgression information, the geographical concentration of animals, the cryo-conservation plan and the sustainability of breeding activities based on socio-economic data as well as present and future land use conditions. A multi-criteria decision tool supports the aggregation of the multi-thematic indices mentioned above using the MACBETH method, which is based on a weighted average using satisfaction thresholds. GENMON is a monitoring tool to reach subjective decisions made by a government agency. It relies on open source software and is available at http://lasigsrv2.epfl.ch/genmon-ch.Results/SignificanceGENMON allows users to upload pedigree-information (animal ID, parents, birthdate, sex, location and introgression) from a specific livestock breed and to define species and/or region-specific weighting parameters and thresholds. The program then completes a pedigree analysis and derives several indices that are used to calculate an integrated score of conservation prioritization for the breeds under investigation. The score can be visualized on a geographic map and allows a fast, intuitive and regional identification of breeds in danger. Appropriate conservation actions and breeding programs can thus be undertaken in order to promote the recovery of the genetic diversity in livestock breeds in need. The use of the platform is illustrated by means of an example based on three local livestock breeds from different species in Switzerland.

BANK OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES OF INSTITUTE OF ANIMALS BREEDING AND GENETICS ND. A. M.V.ZUBETS OF NAAS SYSTEM OF ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF UKRAINE

BANK OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES OF INSTITUTE OF ANIMALS BREEDING AND GENETICS ND. A. M.V.ZUBETS OF NAAS SYSTEM OF ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF UKRAINE

THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND INSTITUTIONAL BASICS OF FORMATION OF BANK OF FARM ANIMAL GENETICS RESOURCES OF INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL BREDDING AND GENETICS NAMED M.V.ZUBETS OF NAAS

The authors has demonstrated the global nature of the problem of domesticated animal gene pool preservation caused by intensive using some transboundary breeds and reduction in the number of aborigen and local ones. Ignoring this problem leads to loss of biodiversity, the restoration of which with traditional methods of breeding work is not possible. The main aim of the article to highlight the key milestones of forming of the theory and methodology of farm animal gene pool preservation, contribute of Ukrainian scientists to the development of the some specific approaches.
 The prerequisite of the development and the role of the Bank of farm animal genetic resources of IABG named M.V.Zubets of NAAS in the system of biodiversity preservation were highlighted. As its prototype we considered the Republican Sperm Repository of Central Experimental Station of Artificial Insemination (Brovary). The article shows that solving of problem of farm animal gene pool preservation should be based on a combination of the whole complex of factors: theoretical and methodical, organizational, economic and technological. In the last decades Ukrainian scientists have developed organizational foundations of farm animal gene pool preservation; its basic principle is breed adaptation to the certain climatic zones. They have introduced the seven main organizational forms of the domesticated animal preservation including gene pool population, gene pool herd, relicted animal farm, collections’ nursery, farm of gene pool reserve, gene pool reproductor, bank of animal gene pool resources and other banks. They have initiated the development of the concept of creation and placement gene pool objects, its main link is bank of animal gene pool resources.
 The article shown that twelve research institutes of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine carry out scientific program "Preservation of animal’s gene poll". The Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named M.V.Zubets of NAAS is main institution that coordinates its activities. Bank of Animal Gene Pool Resources of institute has been recognized as a national treasure in 1986. Since 2009 Ukraine is a member of the European Regional Focal Point for Animal Genetic Resources at FAO.
 The authors state that IABG nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS has developed a methodology for integrated assessment, management and long-term storage of gene pool resources. The scientists of the institute have introduced methods of genetic and population monitoring of the gene pool herds and systems of regulation and optimization of the number of the gene pool populations through a combination of biotechnological and genetic technologies of cryopreservation of sperm, embryos, oocytes, primary germ cells and DNA, directed selection and creation of virtual cryopreserved gene pool herds. They have identified categories of the gene pool objects for storage and optimal size of deposit, developed requirements for genetic material of each gene pool object of the different species of farm animals, as well as standards of main parameters of the gene pool micropopulations for the some species.
 The contribution of scientists of IABG nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS in the development of the conceptual foundations of preservation of animal genetic resources as a cultural and intellectual heritage of the nation was concretized.
 The authors used the special historical and scientific methods of research.

GENEBANK ANALYSIS: SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS OF ANIMALS MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME UKRAINIAN GRAY AND UKRAINIAN WHITEHEAD CATTLE BREEDS

Examination of variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences has been pivotal in the elucidation of bovine phylogeography. Initial studies have demonstrated a deep bifurcation in bovine mtDNA phylogeny, which indicates a predomestic divergence between the two major taxa of cattle, humped zebu (Bos indicus) and humpless taurine (Bos taurus). Subsequent genetic investigations have yielded further inference regarding origins within the B. taurus lineage. B. taurus mtDNA sequences fall into one of five ancestral star-like haplotypic clusters, which are geographically distributed. Just one of these clusters, T3, predominates in Western Europe. Symmetrically, diversity within Africa is composed almost exclusively of members of a separate haplotypic cluster, T1, which is rarely detected elsewhere. The almost mutually exclusive geographic distribution of these two haplotypic clusters allows geographical exceptions to be securely identified as secondary introductions. We investigated a comparative analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences for different breeds of cattle (Bos taurus, Bos indicus) with global genetic bank. Mitochondrial DNA sequences from bovine animals (Bos taurus) breeds Ukrainian Whitehead and Ukrainian Gray freely available on the global genetic bank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genebank/). Local alignment of sequences for mitochondrial genome of different cattle breeds was performed using the program MEGA 4.0. For the detection of nucleotide replacements used mitochondrial DNA sequence of Bos taurus Hereford breed (Anderson S. at al., 1982) as a reference (accession number V00645). Here we report the analysis results of testing for 9 genotypes Ukrainian Gray mitochondrial DNA sequences showed that one animal (GQ129208) has haplotype Bos indicus, other belongs to haplogroup T1 with European origin mtDNA. Analysis of single nucleotide replacement in one of the hypervariable regions mtDNA (position number 16019-16339) shows, that among 10 submitted genotypes of Ukrainian Whitehead the 3 of them (FJ014303, FJ014298, FJ014294) relating to T1a mtDNA haplogroup of African origin, which characterized by replacement of T to C at position 16255. Also have been two animals (FJ014301, FJ014295) with single nucleotide replacements with relatives to Bos indicus mtDNA haplogroup. We performed alignment with reference sequences (Bos_taurus_v00654.1) and comparative nucleotide sequences analysis of another hypervariable D-loop (position number 1-240) mtDNA with 5 Ukrainian Whitehead genotypes and 5 Ukrainian Gray genotypes represented in genetics bank. Among the Ukrainian Whitehead genotypes (FJ014298, FJ014297, FJ014296, FJ014295, FJ014294) all were polymorphic that characterizes large differentiation these animals for maternal and describe deep heterogeneous parent population of studied group. We determined one animal with genotype FJ014295 was significantly different by the number of segregation sites. The analyzed sequences (FJ014290, FJ014289, FJ014288, FJ014287, FJ014286) of 5 Ukrainian Gray genotypes showed no polymorphism in hypervariable D-loop (position number 1-240) mtDNA. The mtDNA analysis of different species of animals allowed to distribute their mtDNA belonging to European, African and Asian haplogroups. The technique, which allows to differentiate the animals represented by their belonging to the respective haplogroups. The process that gave rise to different genotypes in one lineage is clearly of fundamental importance in understanding intraspecific mitochondrial polymorphism and evolution in mammals. Сomprehensive study genetic material provide more opportunities to optimize costs in-situ conservation of different cattle breeds, to optimize methods and techniques which used in ex-situ conservation programmes of National gene bank of animal genetic resources.

NFORMATION SYSTEM IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AS A COMPONENT OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

NFORMATION SYSTEM IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AS A COMPONENT OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

WHY WE NEED INDIGENOUS BREEDS?

WHY WE NEED INDIGENOUS BREEDS?

THE QUESTION OF IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY TRANSPLANTATION OF CRYOPRESERVED EMBRYOS CATTLE

Introduction. Now embryo transplantation technique widely used in breeding programs breeding centers in developed countries to accelerate genetic and technological progress. But in recent years have not observed significant progress in the success of engraftment of cryopreserved embryos, which for most households is 30 to 50 %, only the best breeding centers rises to 55 – 60 %. This suggests that, on the one hand, half of the outstanding animal genetic resources lost during the TE, and on the other that the successful spread of this method of reproduction in practice methodology for recipients in need of improvement. Purpose – to compare the effectiveness of two teaching approaches to prepare heifers recipient for transplantation of cryopreserved embryos. Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted at the point of transplantation of embryos JV "AF" Petrodolynske" (Odessa region.). The company has a breeding herd Ukrainian Red dairy cattle (600 cows) with an average productivity of 5.0 thousand kg. In March 2016 this sector the works transplant 64 embryos Angler breed German selection (firm «SPERMEX GmbH»). Embryos were obtained from 18 cows genetically valuable donor sperm using 12 producers. According to the technological requirements, two groups were formed heifers recipients that met accepted standards for the age and development. These groups were used two alternative methods of training recipients to TE. Control of clinical and morphological and functional parameters of reproduction heifers in preparation, synchronization, TE and definition of pregnancy carried out a comprehensive visual refleksolohichnym clinical palpation method of diagnosis. Heifers controls to synchronize induced hormonal cycle subjected to processing in accordance with the protocol Ovsynch, as used in the experimental group we developed probiotic-cyclic scheme (the drug "Multybakterin veterinary Bs + La», which includes strains of microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and Laktobacillus acidophilus). Results. Transplantation of thawed embryos Angler breed heifers was carried out only with the presence of morphologically typical of corpora lutea (positive recipients). Within 2 months spent visual refleksolohichnyy control animal behavior, and in 60 days - rectal examination pregnancy. The results of the studies found significantly higher (at 71,9 %) yield positive recipients daily routine TE than Ovsynch protocol, as well as the experimental group engraftment thawed embryos above 10 %. Consequently, the use of probiotic protection promoted regeneration and recovery of genital tract mucosal heifers. It is proved that the development of functional entities ovarian and endometrial status have a close physiological relationship thus resulted in the formation of normal microflora dysbiosis and elimination of the state was the harmonization of sexual recurrence of experimental animals. Consequently, effective TE in the economy in 3 – 3,5 years will be introduced in the heifers group herd milk production from 9 to 10 000 kg, which, in turn, become potential donors of embryos based economy. Conclusions. The results showed that in industrial dairy complex advanced probiotic-cycle method of preparation of heifers to the THAT (using probiotic protect mucous membranes and the use of prostaglandins in accordance with the functional state of the ovaries) was more effective than the conventional scheme of hormonal stimulation as during synchronization cycle, and the level of engraftment embryos.