Anic Schools Research Articles

المدارس القرآنية التقليدية في شمال نيجيريا بين الواقع والمأمول

To this day, Qur’anic schools remain one of the main symbols of Islamic identity and an emblem of Islamic civilization and culture. In our Islamic history, schools have contributed positively to building the nation as a result of endowment and funding by individuals or authorities, respectively. This research seeks to shed light on a different model of traditional Quranic schools in northern Nigeria that were able to survive over time in the absence of funding from the government. The research utilized the descriptive analytical approach, drawing on the researcher’s experience as an alumnus of this school. The findings reveal that these schools are still of a Sufi nature and play their role in spreading Islamic culture and religious awareness in Nigerian society. The reason for their survival to the present-day overtime in the absence of funding by the government is because fees are not taken in them officially. Still, instead, It was based on donations and charity. The research recommends that the schools can be developed by eliminating cruelty and harshness when disciplining and prohibiting begging once and for all, in addition to adapting the combination of religious and worldly sciences in the schools.

Occurrences and characteristics of forced marriages among girls married before the age of 16 in a Northern Nigerian State

Abstract Background: Child marriage is deeply ingrained in Nigerian tradition, culture, and religion, and the country has one of the highest rates of child marriage globally. The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and characteristics of coerced marriages among girls married before turning 16 in Borno, Nigeria. It perceives premarital unions as a substantial violation of human rights, particularly affecting the independence of adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study took place in three local government areas (LGAs) situated in Borno, Nigeria, namely Konduga, Jere, and Maiduguri Metropolitan City LGAs. Structured questionnaires were distributed to 210 female participants aged between 15 and 49, who were married before reaching 16, from 1989 to 2019, to gather data. Data analysis was done using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Results: The incidence of forced marriage among girls under 16 years old was recorded at 23.8%, notably higher during the period spanning from 1980 to 1989 at 37.5%. Among respondents currently married, approximately one-fifth (23.1%) disclosed being coerced into marriage. A higher proportion underwent forced marriage during the ages of 9–12 years, accounting for 33.3%. Moreover, a considerable portion of respondents with no formal education (28.6%) and those who attended Qur’anic schools (25.5%) were compelled into marriage. The prevalence of fistula among girls married early stood at 8.6%, with 10.6% among those not subjected to forced marriage and 2.0% among girls who were coerced. Among early married girls, 20.5% reported facing ill-treatment from their spouses, with a higher proportion (30.0%) among those coerced into marriage compared to those not coerced (17.5%). Additionally, gender-based violence from family members was notably more prevalent among girls forced into marriage (32.0%), with a significance level of P < 0.05. Conclusion: Efforts directed toward reducing the prevalence of girl-child marriage in Nigeria should focus on tackling entrenched cultural norms that differ among ethnic groups and religious beliefs. The public health implications encompass gender-based violence, abuse, and the breakdown of marriages.

BASELINE SURVEY OF TSANGAYA QUR’ANIC SCHOOLS IN TARABA STATE NIGERIA

This paper titled Baseline Survey of Tsangaya Qur’anic Schools in Taraba State is research on the various Tsangaya schools in Taraba State. The survey is a comprehensive mapping exercise on the existing traditional Tsangaya Qur’anic schools in Taraba State to provide concrete and verifiable data on the Tsangaya (traditional Qur’anic schools) in the entire State. The generated data was tabulated and analyzed using simple percentages as the suitable statistical method of computing the findings. The major findings of the survey were analyzed, revealing 900 functional Tsangaya Schools and their respective proprietors. While 3,409 teachers were pencilled in, 61,882 enrollment figures were recorded in the survey. The carrying capacity of the schools across the State stands at 80,749, while the total enrollment as of the period covered by this survey is 61,882, showcasing a glaring gap of 18,867. Community goodwill and support were the most pressing peculiarly needs of Tsangaya Qur’anic schools, while sanitation represented the least on the list. Thereupon, recommendations on needful measures for effective mitigation of the plights of the traditional (Tsangaya) Qur’anic school system in Taraba State were proffered, stressing the perennial need for strategic intervention/investment in Tsangaya Qur’anic schools by all relevant bodies with the view to rewind-the-past-glory-of-the-system.

Awareness on universal basic education policy and out of school children phenomenon in Nigeria

Basic education policy in Nigeria is free, universal and compulsory for the first nine years of schooling. The policy envisaged a drastic reduction in the reluctance of parents/guardians towards basic education in parts of Nigeria where the pursuit of qur’anic education remained predominant. So far, the free education programme had yielded less than desirable results as the number of Out of School Children (OOSC) remain largely and increasingly unacceptable, thus necessitating a study that investigated stakeholders’ perspectives on the extent to which awareness and the participation in schooling amongst school age children has been achieved. Hence, the level of awareness and how stakeholders’ perspectives may be impacting on universal basic education policy implementation vis-à-vis out of school children phenomenon in Nigeria were examined. In fulfilling the objective of the study, the respondents’ perspectives were obtained through a multi-stage sampling technique. The selection of the state was purpose driven; hence purposive sampling of Kano State, and within Kano metropolis, North-western Nigeria, all the four Local government within the metropolis namely: Taurani, Fegge, Nasarawa and Kano Municipal Council were Local Education Authorities -LEAs were purposively selected. Further, 30 facilitators of qur’anic schools who were selected from each of the 4 LEAs in Kano metropolis amounting to 120 facilitators (respondents) that were sampled, and a structured questionnaire was administered to them. Findings revealed a high level of awareness of stakeholders on the consequences of non-schooling. However, it was inferred that the aged facilitators of the qur’anic schools could affect the effort and process of integrating basic education programmes into the qur’anic schools thus exacerbating the exclusion of children from the formal education worsening OOSC phenomenon. Recommendations were made as follows: that qur’anic school, class-size, class-management and facilitations processes should be standardized, to enhance curriculum integration and inclusiveness. Moreover, enlightenment of stakeholders be intensified

Almajiranci: A Challenge to Human Security in Northern Nigeria

The study is meant to examine Almajiranci and its challenges to human security in Northern Nigeria. Three objectives were set to be achieve through answering of three research questions. The study is purely qualitative using descriptive survey design with a sample size of 44 respondents. The targeted respondents are; parents of Almajirai, Almajirai and their teachers (mallams) as well as members of the public within the study area who have good awareness of Almajiranci. Convenient or purposeful sampling was used. Two local government areas were selected with 24 respondents each. Interview was used as the instrument for data collection and data analysis was done through transcription, coding and the use of themes and sub-themes for detail explanation of each research question. The findings of the study revealed that, there is no extension of Boko Haram in Almajiri Qur’anic Schools in Sokoto state, similarly, the Almajiris have vehemently reject any move for them to join Boko Haram activities but some are involved in area boyism in the state and others are involved in anti-social activities but yet some are exempted. Based on this study the causes of Almajiris involvement in anti-social activities are; Almajiris’ parents, lack of food and medical care provision for the Almajiris, getting contact with bad people, lack of good care and control from the mallam. Government and custodian (mallams) of Almajiri Qur’anic School should be vigilante and extra careful with visiting clerics who deliver lectures on religious ideology. Mallams should be mandated to take good care of all their Almajiris as good guardians of the children. Similarly, mallam should only admit Almajiris that they can take good care of their morality. To enforce these and put control in the system government should establish an agency for Almajiri Education in Sokoto state or a unit or department in Ministry for Arabic and Islamic Education.

Traditional Senegalese Music: Its Significance and the Need to Preserve It

This qualitative study applied ethnographic and grounded theory methods to answer the central research question: How do participants understand and explain the significance of music within various sociocultural contexts in Senegal? The 25 participants were from various ethnic groups located throughout the country. Sixteen participants were musicians, four were traditional griots, three were elders from a local rural village, one was an artisan, and one was a marabout of an urban Qur’anic school. The author conducted one-on-one interviews with each participant that lasted from 45 to 60 minutes. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated, and analysed using grounded theory methods. The central finding that emerged from this study was that preserving traditional music, which can be identified and described by its rhythms, instrumentation, and messages is necessary for musicians to make modern music (i.e., music incorporating modern instruments and messages). Furthermore, combining elements of both traditional and modern music into a style known as tradi-modern music has led to the creation of mbalax rhythms that are unique to Senegalese music, thus contributing to the preservation of traditional music. As a result, musicians can play for and reach a much broader audience consisting of both younger and older generations across sociocultural contexts. This article presents findings that explain why traditional music is significant and why it must be preserved.

Implementation of Primary School’s Literacy Movement in Bekasi

Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (Literally, School Literacy Movement) is a government program to increase students’ interests in reading from the primary level to university level. This program has been carried out in SD Hasanah Qur’anic School since 2019. This research was due to describe the implementation of SLM and to describe the stages of SLM at SD Hasanah Qur’anic School. This research used qualitative research methodology which focus on a descriptive study. The focus of this research was fifth grade students of SD Hasanah Qur’anic School, Bekasi. To carry out the data, the researcher utilized observation and in-depth interview. The results showed that class VI was enthusiastic to participate in the program. Teachers implemented the program using fun activities. However, the limitation of resource books influenced students’ reading experience. Besides, most students reported that they did not have sufficient resource books at home.

Lessons from participatory community mapping to inform neglected tropical disease programmes in Nigeria.

Participatory research methods promote collaborations between researchers and communities to collectively overcome implementation challenges for sustainable social change. Programmes usually take a top-down approach to addressing such challenges. This study developed and piloted contextualised participatory methods to identify community structures that could improve the equity of medicine administration for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in northern and southern Nigeria. Participants and researchers conducted transect walks and social mapping to understand which community-based structures could be used to maximise accessibility and acceptability of medicines for NTDs. Using visual participatory methods with a diverse set of stakeholders facilitated the identification of new structures within the community that could be used to improve the equity of medicine distribution and access. Available materials such as sticks, stones and leaves were appropriately used by respondents in the rural areas, which increased meaningful engagement irrespective of their literacy level. Structures identified included Qur'anic schools, football grounds, mechanics shops, shrines, village head's houses and worship centres. Challenges in using these structures for medicine distribution included resistance from school authorities and restrictions to women's access due to traditions and norms, particularly within palaces and mosques. This article highlights the importance of meaningful community engagement methods and engaging gatekeepers in visual participatory methods. It emphasizes the importance of including divergent views of various population groups in order to ensure that all communities are reached by NTDs programmes.

THE WESTERN MAKSURAH OF THE GREAT MOSQUE OF DİYARBAKIR, RESEARCH AND EXCAVATION

Diyarbakır Great Mosque is a community building located in the district of Cami-i Kebir in the northwest of the traditional city area surrounded by walls. The building on Gazi Street opposite Hasan Pasha Han is inside the road, and the eastern entrance overlooks a square which very likely corresponds to the old forum of the city of Amida. Surrounded by the streets to the North and West, the South overlooks the traditional Sipahi Bazaar. Around the full court near the square of the building, in the south there are: Hanafis section, Shafis section, northern vestibule, Mesudiye Madrasa and its southern portico, a traditional house, and a lavatory. To the east, there is a library, which used to be apparently a timing room (muvakkithane) and an entrance to the East (Eastern Maksurah). To the west, in the Western portico (Western Maksurah), that also includes the Western entrance, there is a Qur'anic school. The octagonal and pointed pyramidal coned fountain, built during the Ottoman period, and the prayer hall and pool, which were raised with several steps, form the other units in the spacious courtyard. In the north of the courtyard, we can find the portico of Mesudiye Madrasa. There is also a solar clock in front of the northern vestibule.
 The aims of this study are: 
 ● introducing the excavations in the Diyarbakır Great Mosque Western Maksurah and explaining the reasons of these excavations;
 ● presenting the results of these excavations; 
 ● giving information on the excavation findings;
 ●explaining the importance of research excavations in restoration works.
 The evaluations made for the preservation of the excavation findings, which were deemed necessary during the restoration works in the great Mosque, will also be explained in this study.

Kauny Quantum Memory Application Method In Memorizing the Qur'an for Elementary Children in Kauny Qur’anic School Sindang Indramayu

This study aims to find out how to apply the Kauny Quantum Memory method in memorizing the Qur'an for elementary school children at Kauny Qur'anic School Al-Hidayah Sindang Indramayu. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research by taking the research location at Kauny Qur'anic School Al-Hidayah Sindang Indramayu. Data collection was carried out by conducting observations, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by reducing data, presenting data and then verifying it and then drawing conclusions. The conclusion of this study is that the application of the Kauny Quantum Memory method in memorizing the Qur'an at Kauny Qur'anic School Al-Hidayah Sindang Indramayu through 3 stages, namely muraja'ah previous memorization, the process of learning to memorize the Qur'an with the method Kauny Quantum Memory then evaluate. The application of the Kauny Quantum Memory method is that the student and the ustadzah prepare their own Al-Qur'an then the ustadzah gives a memorization accompanied by movements to memorize the meaning of the memorized verses. This activity is repeated until the students memorize it. For the evaluation, every day before the end of the class, students do muraja'ah together in one class.

A Study on the Historical Development of Tsangaya System of Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Case Study of Yobe State

This study aims to examine the concept of Islamic education and historical establishment of Tsangaya system of education in Nigeria and Yobe State in particular until present. Tsangaya refers to the informal school or place where teaching and learning of the glorious Qur’an and other Islamic sciences is taken place. The system otherwise called traditional Qur’anic school system, it has been in existence centuries prior to the British colonization as a source of moral guidance and educational training for the Muslim particularly in northern part of Nigeria. It has also contributed extremely to promoting Qur’anic education, inculcating self-discipline, spiritual growth of Muslim individuals and the communities respectively. The study employed a qualitative research approach that entails the techniques of documentation and interviews in collecting data while inductive approach to content analysis was utilized for data analysis. The outcome of this study reveals that Tsangaya system of education in northern Nigeria have developed rapidly since its establishment irrespective of some prevailing problems and they make a positive contribution on the society in terms of spiritual, moral and social wellbeing

“Useful” Knowledge and Moral Education in Zanzibar Between Colonial and Islamic Reform, 1916–1945

Abstract The introduction of colonial schooling in Zanzibar was aimed at improving economic productivity, drawing on an exchange of educational theory with the American South to ensure a labor supply for the post-emancipation plantation economy. Yet colonial officials faced a key problem: students did not attend, preferring instead to continue studying in Qur’anic schools, institutions roundly derided by colonial officials. To secure attendance, colonial officials engaged local Muslim leaders to create an Islamic studies syllabus. While reflecting transnational Islamic reformist trends, this syllabus ultimately backfired as local parents protested its lack of moral content. Based on research in the Zanzibar National Archives, this article recounts the tensions and overlap between colonial officials, Islamic leaders connected to transnational discourses of reform, and local Muslim parents over what constitutes truly “useful” knowledge. It argues that colonial education was not particularly successful in forming students into the hard-working agricultural subjects it envisioned. It was successful, however, in orienting public institutions towards economic progress, and shifting public discourses on morality and religion to suit that goal.

EKSISTENSI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM UPAYA PENURUNAN TINGKAT KRIMINALITAS PADA DAERAH RAWAN KRIMINAL DI LAMPUNG TIMUR

East Lampung as one of the crime-prone areas has shown a very rapid decline in crime rates in the last three years, followed by an increase in community enthusiasm and participation in Islamic education. This study aims to determine the extent of Islamic education in reducing crime rates in crime-prone areas in East Lampung. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach by selecting the four most crime-prone areas in East Lampung. The sources of data of this research are several religious counselors, local religious leaders, and the surrounding community by selecting samples by purposively using the interview as the main instrument, observation and documentation as secondary intrument. The results of the study found out that East Lampung experienced a drastic reduction in the crime rate due to the development of Islamic informal education, namely Majlis Taklim, Qur’anic schools, Madrasah Diniyah and Islamic Boarding Schools that encourage the drastic changes in attitudes and behavior to be more religious and better. Besides, that able to strengthen community relations and can be a medium for various conflict resolutions between residents so that crime rates can be optimally reduced and the quality of social life in the community can be continually optimized.Keywords: Islamic Education, Criminalism, Crime-Prone Areas

Scapegoating the Usual Suspects? Pandemic Control and the Securitization of Qur'anic Education in Northern Nigeria

While insights into the effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on formal schooling are still patchy, even less is known about the pandemic's impact on nonformal education systems, including institutions of Islamic learning. In this paper, we explore the nexus between pandemic control and the securitization of Qur'anic education in northern Nigeria; that is, the framing of Qur'anic schools, teachers, and students as security threats that necessitate tough responses. Security concerns have long dominated perceptions of Qur'anic schools in this region, which has been plagued by sectarian and interreligious violence. Qur'anic students often have been cast as future hoodlums and easy recruits for radical groups and depicted as vectors of disease, even as epidemiological evidence remains scarce. In this paper, we argue that security framings have proven highly adaptable in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine how perceptions of Qur'anic students as dangerous legitimized the forced clearance of schools and student deportations. Drastic interventions have also bolstered perceptions of COVID-19 as a hoax and a plot by politicians to further their own agendas. Data for this paper come from 14 verbal diaries recorded in Kano, Nigeria, from April to June 2020, nine interviews with Qur'anic teachers and students affected by school clearances, and our analysis of Nigerian newspaper reporting.

Tsangaya System of Education and its Positive Effects on Almajiri and Society in Potiskum, Yobe State Nigeria

Tsangaya System of Education, generally called Makarantan Allo or traditional Qur’anic school has been in existence for decades, its history can be traced back to the early days of the coming of Islam to Nigeria. It has been a source of moral and scholastic training of the Muslim dominated societies in the northern part of Nigeria. The system which provides essentially, basic Qur’anic education to the Almajiri (students) has contributed tremendously in promoting Qur’anic education, inculcating self-discipline, spiritual growth of Muslim individuals and the communities. Therefore, this article examines the positive effects of Tsangaya System of Education on the Almajiri in Potiskum Yobe State, Nigeria. The study employed a qualitative approach that entails the techniques of documentation and interviews in collecting data while thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis. The findings revealed that Tsangaya System of Education in Potiskum area of Yobe State has positive effects on the Almajiri in the area such as mastering the recitation, memorization and writing of the glorious Qur’an as well as inculcating good behavioural modes.

Wolof and Mandinga Muslims in the early Atlantic World: African background, missionary disputes, and social expansion of Islam before the Fula jihads

ABSTRACT This paper explains the Islamic expansion in Greater Senegambia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries from an Atlantic perspective. It discusses the spread of the Islamic faith in West Africa and its diasporic continuities in Portugal and the New Kingdom of Granada (present-day Colombia) based on African oral traditions, scholarship from Africa and the Americas, chronicles, letters, and reports by European missionaries, travelers, traders, bureaucrats, and Inquisitorial and canonical prosecutions. The Islamic concept of da’wa, I argue, enabled Islamic preachers to reach out to a wide range of Senegambians before the Muslim revolutions. This expansion can be seen in the diaspora, primarily Wolof, and in the restraints imposed by African Muslims on Christian missionaries in Africa and the Americas. The knowledge produced in qur’anic schools was essential to Islamic social expansion, the preservation of Islamic belief in the diaspora, and the political orchestration that led to the jihads.

Vocal Arrangements: Technology, Aurality, and Authority in Qur'anic Recording

AbstractThis article uses ethnography of a studio recording project underway at a Qur'anic school in Salé, Morocco, to offer new insight on sound, media, and religious authority in Islamic contexts. The aim of the project is to record the entire Qur'an incorporating all of its seven canonical, variant readings (qirā’āt), which are enjoying a small renaissance in Morocco. Several of the school's faculty, known as shaykhs, engaged as expert listeners and overseers of the process. I show how a historical model of such expert listenership, which I call “aural authority,” is transformed by the technologies of the studio and then dispersed across a collective of productive agents that includes the reciter and the sound engineer. I argue that these transformations, along with erasure of the shaykh's role from the medium of circulation—the recording—presents significant challenges to the broaderqirā’āttradition and raises questions about its future.

The Financial Problems of Tsangaya System of Education and its Effects on Almajiri in Potiskum Yobe State Nigeria

Tsangaya system of education, generally called traditional Qur’anic school has been in existence earlier to the British colonization as a source of moral and scholastic training of the Muslim dominated societies in the northern part of Nigeria. The study aims to examine the financial challenges of the Tsangaya system of education in Potiskum area of Yobe State and to examine its effect of the Almajiri. The system which provides, essentially, basic Qur’anic education has contributed tremendously in promoting Qur’anic education, inculcating self-discipline, spiritual growth of Muslim individuals and the communities. The system is also facing several financial related problems which has effected Almajiri (students), teachers and the school as well. Majority of Almajiri (students) hailed from poor families and were sent to Tsangaya schools as Almajiri. Due to the indigent background of their families, the Almajiri do not have the means to support their studies. The lack of the required facilities by the Tsangaya schools for better teaching and learning such as provision of food, accommodation and other basic necessities, has affected the Almajiri. Therefore, this study employed a qualitative approach that entails the techniques of documentation and interviews in collecting data while inductive approach of thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis. The findings revealed that, the system of Tsangaya education were in existence in Potiskum area for a decades and it has affected the lives of the Almajiri in various spheres of lives and its lingering financial problems brought a negative effect to the socio- economic wellbeing of the Almajiri in the area.

Strengthening the development of Qur’anic schools and student profiles about Pancasila during the pandemic

Learning in the mass of the Covid-19 pandemic requires various innovations and management to stay in line with the direction and goals in education. The purpose of this service is to increase the understanding of TPA teachers (ustadz / ustadzah) to develop Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an/TPA (Qur’anic school) and learning during the pandemic as well as to strengthen the profile of Pancasila Students. The service was carried out by a team from the Department of Primary School Teacher Education, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan during a month. Based on the dedication carried out, it is known that there has been an increase in understanding of TPA development and learning during the pandemic. This event also produces TPA management documents. Based on this dedication, it can be concluded that the understanding of TPA teachers to develop TPA and learning during the pandemic has increased. It is hoped that the continuity of this service activity is that there is a continuation of cooperation to increase the understanding of TPA teachers to develop TPA and learning during the pandemic as well as to strengthen the profile of Pancasila Students.

Socio-economic characteristics of camel (Camelus dromedarius) marketers in Mai'adua livestock market, Katsina State, Nigeria

The study was conducted to assess the socio-economic characteristics of camel marketers at Mai'adua livestock market in Katsina state. Random technique methods were used to select 45 marketers and an interview was used to generate the information. All the correspondents were males and married. Majority (46.67%) were between the age category of 35-40 years and only 11.11% were 55 years and above. Majority (75.56%) attended Qur'anic schools. Niger republic was the major source of the camels as indicated by 68.89% of the respondents while 17.78% and 11.11% indicated Katsina and Jigawa states respectively. Among the animal brought to the marker for sales males out-numbered the females while in the frequency of sales, females out-numbered the males because of variation in prices as indicated by 71.17% and 55.5% of the respondents respectively. Majority of the camels purchased were transported to Kano main abattoir for slaughter: There was variation in prices between males and females, stages of growth and development and physiological status. Camel calf (male) had a high price of N70,000 and above while that of female costs N60,000 and above, bull and heifer are sold at a minimum of N90,000 to N95,000 and N70.000 to N75,000 while old camel bull and cow were sold at medium price of between N160,000-N165,000 and N130,000-N135,000 respectively. However; (53.33%) of the respondents indicated lack of weighing devices as a major constraint and most (46.67%) indicated inconsistency in pricing among others. I seasonal variation was said to determine the demand. During early rain' season, farmers purchased male camel bulls for farming activities as indicated by the respondents (40.00%). Lack of awareness on the importance of camel meat also posed a constraint as camel meat was widely consumed (73.33%) in the area. Cost of camels increased during Eid-El-Kabir as indicated by 44.44%. The study reported information on marketing, sources, uses and destination of camels respectively.