Angular Transformation Research Articles

Роль виртуальной реальности в формировании математических знаний и рефлексии у школьников

The paper considers the influence of training developments in the field of virtual reality on a person included in the educational process. The presented work is aimed at identifying reflection and the level of formation of mathematical knowledge of students involved in a virtual program. The materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of high school students are presented. The study involved respondents (N=105) aged 16 to 17 years (M=16.5, SD=0.18), of which 44% were males, 56% were females. At the diagnostic stages (before and after the experimental exposure), A.V. Karpov — V.V. Ponomareva and individual author’s questionnaire. At the experimental — formative stage — schoolchildren who were diagnosed with a low level of reflection (26%) and a low level of formation of mathematical knowledge (76%) were included in the work with a virtual teaching mathematical program on ordinary monitors (average level of immersiveness). The obtained changes in mental parameters were confirmed by the statistical criteria of homogeneity χ2 and Fisher’s angular transformation φ* at the significance level p ≤ 0.05.

Design of a high precision converter for multi-sensor information fusion

The converter is a measuring device and is used together with the displacement sensor. In view of the existing sensor transform device is susceptible to error and temperature drift effects acquisition accuracy is not high, we design a high precision transducer, multi-sensor information fusion for vehicle steering gear shaft angular displacement signal measurement, signal transformation and digital transmission. The converter has the characteristics of high precision, miniaturization and low cost. Multi-sensor information fusion high-precision converter adopts front-end signal amplifier circuit, following filter processing circuit and embedded software of microprocessor for online compensation to satisfy the requirements of high-precision transformation. The microcontroller is used as the main control chip to meet the requirements of 8-channel bipolar analog signal acquisition. Two 14-bit, 6-channel A/D chips are used to convert the bipolar analog signal in the range of ±10V, and the RS422 hardware interface circuit performs digital transmission according to the time sequence specified by the central programmer. The experimental results show that the conversion accuracy of the device can reach 0.06%, the digital signal transmission is stable, and it can be widely used in industrial production.

Diagnostics of psychological readiness of high school students for research activities in mathematics in the design context of a hybrid intellectual learning environment

Introduction. The problem of improving the process of organizing and supporting the project and research activities of schoolchildren through intelligent management for the purpose of self-organization of the individual, understanding and comprehending complex mathematical knowledge as a principle of personal development is relevant and far from solved. Intelligent systems provide the process of individualization of learning, the establishment of personalized and computerized feedback of cognitive and creative processes. The purpose of the article is to assess the student's readiness for research activities in the context of designing a hybrid intelligent learning environment. Materials and methods. The assessment of the student's psychological readiness for research activities in the conditions of using a hybrid intellectual environment was carried out on an experimental representative sample of students of 1-2 courses of secondary vocational education (n1=42) and students of the senior classes of secondary schools (n2=30). The diagnosis was carried out using the intelligence structure test of R. Amthauer, the creativity questionnaire of D. Johnson, the test "Individual styles of thinking" by A. Alekseev, L. Gromova, the methods of value orientations by M. Rokich, etc. The significance of the differences was established by means of Student's t-test, Fisher's angular transformation, χ2-test. The results of the study. The assessment of psychological readiness for research activities in mathematics was carried out on the basis of the developed nine parameters of scientific potential. The presented results allow us to pre-set the framework of boundary conditions in order to minimize the imprinting time of a hybrid intelligent system (including the selection of the neural network topology). For all three groups of criteria, differences by gender were established, for example, by the parameter "value orientations" (temp = 2.26 > tcr = 2.02); by the parameter "creativity" (χemp2 = 6,02 ≥ χcr2 (0,05;2) = 5,99). And also by the type of educational institution, for example, by the parameter “motivation to achieve the result” (φemp = 0,186 > φcr = 1,64). Conclusion. The results of the research are of practical value, as they serve as a technological basis for establishing the boundaries and boundary conditions of the most significant parameters for the effective realization of scientific potential, expressed in the work of a specialized web interface created with the student's personal account.

Development of the national cultural identity of students of humanitarian specialties in the learning process

Introduction. The formation and strengthening of the national cultural identity of students is an important condition for maintaining the continuity of generations, fostering personal responsibility for solving global problems of our time. The aim of the article is to present the process of teaching humanitarian students as one of the possibilities for the development of national cultural identity. Materials and methods. When interpreting the results of the experiment, characterizing the features of teaching narrative, the method of observing the process of creating narrative texts by students was used. In assessing the effectiveness of teaching the narrative, the method of qualitative (φ-Fisher's statistical test) and quantitative analysis of written works was used. A total of 167 students from the Department of Philology and Media Communications at Vyatka State University (Kirov, Russia) participated in various stages of the study. Results. Summarized the results of a theoretical and experimental study of the process of teaching students to narrative. It is substantiated that the telling of personal stories is a social practice that develops cultural identity. The psychological and pedagogical conditions, which serve as a starting point for creating their own narrative texts, reflecting the student's personal experience, have been studied. The mechanisms are revealed that contribute to the strengthening of the national code, namely: the establishment in the process of creating a narrative of close bilateral relations between the author's personal experience and its comprehension (the description of personal experience leads to the need to comprehend it, and the generation of new meanings, in turn, enriches personal experience). Fisher's angular transformation was used for statistical verification. As a result, it was revealed that after conducting special training, the number of students who do not experience difficulties in understanding the text based on the development of skills to apply methods of working with a narrative text increased (p≤ 0.01). Teaching narrative creates conditions for a deeper, more complete and detailed understanding of one's cultural identity. Conclusion. The developed scheme of experimental teaching, which describes the features of its content and structure, can be used in teaching university students. The data obtained in the course of the research can be used in the organization of psychological and pedagogical support, in the framework of individual and group work carried out within the boundaries of various academic disciplines at the university.

Особенности питания, физической активности и массы тела студентов медицинского вуза в период ограничительных мер по COVID-19

BACKGROUND: Pandemics of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) introduced additional corrections in the style of life of students. Introduction of restrictive measures, transfer to distance learning produce an ambiguous effect on the vital activity of a human including his physical health and diet. AIM: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 restrictive measures on nutrition, physical activity and body mass of medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sociological, analytical, statistical methods were used. According to the results of a questionnaire survey of 167 third-year students of the medical faculty of Smolensk State Medical University, a comparative assessment of nutrition, physical activity and body weight before the introduction of COVID-19 restrictive measures and in 3 4 months after self-isolation is presented. The reliability of differences in the shares of the characteristic was assessed by the value of Fishers angular transformation coefficient (φ). RESULTS: Diets of medical students were unbalanced both before and during COVID-19 restrictive measures. Changes in the diet during the period of self-isolation took place in 54.2% of the respondents. The number of students with 4 meals a day increased 1.6 times, and with 5 meals 12.9 times. The share of respondents with 2 meals a day decreased 6.3 times. Daytime food intake decreased 1.7 times, and 2.8 times more often the respondents did not have a fixed time of food intake. All medical students refused a full breakfast both before and during the period of self-isolation. The predomination of evening meals decreased 2.4 times. Home-made dishes were consumed 1.2 times more often, semi-finished products 2.4 times less often, and consumption of fast food decreased by 4.2%. Physical activity during the period of self-isolation significantly decreased in every fifth student. Every fourth respondent noticed increase in the body weight. CONCLUSION: Restrictive measures did not change the preferences in the choice of food products by medical students and the habits of not eating breakfast, and imbalanced diets. The positive impact of restrictive measures for COVID-19: increase in use of freshly prepared meals, the frequency of meals, and limitation of the possibility to eat in fast food restaurants. The negative effect of self-isolation: frequent infringement of the diet, increased daily amount of fast food consumed, decrease in physical activity, increase in body weight.

Investigating psychological characteristics of self-regulation in schoolchildren with cognitive disorders

Introduction. The authors investigate psychological characteristics of self-regulation in primary schoolchildren with cognitive impairments. The purpose of the article is to identify key determinants of the manifestation of self-regulation as the leading mechanism of adaptation. The results obtained can contribute to developing psychological support programs within school conditions and facilitate adaptive strategies of behavior and components of self-regulation. Materials and Methods. The methodological foundations of the research included leading positions of psychology about the formation of the behavior of children with cognitive disabilities. The research was carried out in the logic of the ascertaining psychological and educational experiment; the material obtained from the collection of empirical data was analyzed and generalized. The sample consisted of 456 schoolchildren aged between 8 and 11 years, who were divided into three groups: NID (normal intellectual development), MR (mental retardation) and MID (mild intellectual disability). The data obtained were interpreted and subjected to statistical analysis using various methods of mathematical and statistical processing: the reliability of differences according to statistical criteria, the F * angular transformation, the criterion for comparing the distribution of Pearson χ2 levels, correlation analysis, and the method of correlation pleiades. Results. The research findings include identifying the main psychological characteristics of self-regulation in primary schoolchildren with cognitive impairment. The research data enabled to develop self-regulation skills in schoolchildren with cognitive impairment. The results obtained are considered as a socio-psychological resource for improving cognitive health in primary schoolchildren. Conclusions. The study concludes that after identifying the psychological characteristics of self-regulation in primary schoolchildren with impaired cognitive health, it is possible to develop programs of psychological assistance for educational settings. The research data can be used within educational settings teaching children with cognitive disabilities to increase the effectiveness of classroom and extracurricular activities and their successful integration into society.

GENDER SPECIFICITY OF SUBJECTIVITY MANIFESTATIONS IN SITUATIONS OF AUTONOMY AND NON-AUTONOMY

The relevance of this article is due to the need to study the gender specifics of the relationship between the manifestations of subjectivity (mental states, procedural and effective parameters of the situation) with the basic psychological need for autonomy to apply the data obtained in the practice of psychological and pedagogical support of the educational process at the university. The goal of the empirical research was to determine the gender common and peculiar in the manifestations of subjectivity, depending on the degree of autonomy of the subject of activity. The main hypothesis was the assumption that there are differences in the manifestations of subjectivity in situations with different levels of autonomy among respondents of different genders. The sample consisted of 112 people (56 men and 56 women). The age of men was from 22 to 42 years (M=25, SD=3,5 years). The age of women was from 22 to 45 years (M=24, SD=2,8 years). The respondents - advanced students (n=112) in the form of a free essay described the situations of extrinsic and internal motivation when studying at the university and compared them with each other by any possible criteria. For data processing, the methods of content analysis, frequency analysis of text and the Fisher angular transformation criterion were used. Statistically significant differences in the emotional and intellectual-emotional manifestations of states in subjects of different sexes were revealed. In situations of autonomy, women more often experienced states of joy, interest and passion (p≤0,05), and men experienced pleasure (p≤0,01). The state of relief in situations of non-autonomy was more common for women than for men (p≤0,01). Differences in the frequency of mention of procedural and effective parameters of situations in respondents of different sexes were not found. The results of the study can be used in the development of programs for the adaptation of future specialists to changes in the labor market conditions.

Calcitonin level in the postoperative period as a risk factor for persistence of medular thyroid cancer

Aim — to evaluate the possibility of using basal calcitonin levels in the postoperative period to assess the effectiveness of surgical treatment of medullary thyroid cancer and the likelihood of its persistence (recurrence). Materials and methods. A single-site retrospective study was conducted to assess results of surgical treatment of 194 patients (74.2 % women and 25.8 % men), from them148 (76.3 %) patients had primary forms of the disease (group 1) and 46 (23.8 %) the recurrent form (group 2). Primary surgery included thyroidectomy, supplemented with thecentral and lateral dissection of the neck. Patients in group 1 were divided into two subgroups depending on the postoperative calcitoninlevels: group 1A with normal calcitonin levels (≤ 18 pg/ml)and group 1B with hypercalcitoninemia (> 18 pg/ml). The quantitative­determination of blood serum calcitonin levels was performed using automatic immunochemiluminescent analyzer «MAGLUMI» («Snibe Diagnostic», China) in 1 week and 1 year after surgery. Accumulation and primary data processing were performed in MS Excel 2013, statistical processing was performed using StatPlus programs with descriptive statistics, parametric and nonparametric methods for testing statistical hypotheses (Student’s criteria, Mann-Whitney, Fisher angular transformation), analysis of conjugation tables, ROC-analysis. The results were considered statistically significantat p < 0.05. Results. The average duration of follow-up was 67.5 months. The results of surgery were analyzed in terms of absence or presence of clinical recurrence, calcitoninlevels in the early postoperative period (5 days) were used as a predictor. After 2 years of follow-up,normocalcitoninemiawas accompanied by recurrence in almost 2 % of cases, while hyper­calcitoninemia — in 61 % to 74 %, depending on the stage and frequency of the disease. The correlationsbetween postoperative calcitonin levels and presence of recurrence (persistence) of medullary thyroid cancer has been established: AUC = 0.928 (0.867; 0.989, Juden index (J) = 0.429, threshold (cut-off point) ≥ 28.1 pg/ml, sensitivity = 0.938 (0.854; 1,000), specificity = 0.855 (0.789; 0.920), predictive value of positive result(PPV) = 0.699, predictive value of negative resultPNV = 0.991. Moreover, countersensitivity scores and incidence of negative test results in patients with relapse depending on the level of postoperative calcitonin were calculated. Conclusions. Postoperative calcitonin levels in 5 days after surgery can be used for assessment of efficacy of the surgical treatment (AUC — 0,928 (0,867; 0,989), Juden index — 0,429)). The prognosis of recurrence-free disease does not depend on the disease stage. At calcitonin levels < 18 pg/ml, clinical signs of the disease persistence (recurrence) were detected in 1.5 % of cases (PNV = 0.991). The reliability of predicting the disease recurrence depended on the stage and frequency of surgery: PRV = 0.612 in primary forms without metasta­­ses, PRV = 0.825 in recurrent forms. Calcitonin values < 28.1 pg/ml can be considered a relatively «safe» level.

Evaluation of an open access generic 3D software for Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy and the validity of orthodontic diagnostic measurements, as well as virtual tooth transformations using a generic open access 3D software compared to OrthoAnalyzer (3Shape) software; which was previously tested and proven for accuracy. Methods: 40 maxillary and mandibular single arch study models were duplicated and scanned using 3Shape laser scanner. The files were imported into the generic and OrthoAnalyzer software programs; where linear measurements were taken twice to investigate the accuracy of the program. To test the accuracy of the program format, they were printed, rescanned and imported into OrthAnalyzer. Finally, to investigate the accuracy of editing capabilities, linear and angular transformation procedures were performed, superimposed and printed to be rescanned and imported to OrthoAnalyzer for comparison. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups using the two software programs regarding the accuracy of the linear measurements (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the different formats among all the measurements, (p>0.05). The editing capabilities also showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: The generic 3D software (Meshmixer) was valid and accurate in cast measurements and linear and angular editing procedures. It can be used for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning without added costs.

Metodology for processing pedagogical information using φ*–transformation and U-Mann-Whitney criteria

The restrictions for the use of parametric criteria, nonparametric criteria φ* – Fisher’s angular transformation and U-Mann-Whitney are considered. The algorithms, an example of calculation, implementation in MS Excel and SPSS are given. The advantages and disadvantages of these criteria application are investigated.

The environmental friendliness of teachers’ communicative behavior in the context of education digitalization

Introduction. The digitalization of the school educational environment predetermined new factors leading to special requirements for all subjects of the educational space. However, this situation did not create a new problem in the “teacher – students” system; it only strengthened the relevance of studying the interaction between teachers and students, taking into account new forms of interaction. The research purpose is to define the environmental friendliness of teachers’ communicative behavior as a condition determining: the achievement of respect for the student’s personality, the teacher’s self-respect, and the creation of a subject-joint and/or subject-generative types of interaction with students. Materials and methods. The study involved 72 teachers and 402 7th-11th grade students of the Moscow general education school. The teachers were offered three methods aimed at studying the characteristics of self-attitude, communicative qualities and the formation of their subjectivity. Students were offered two methods: “Personal resource for subjectivity formation” and “Laziness or reasons for unwillingness to learn”. Research results. The links between the characteristics of self-attitude and the emotional component of communicative characteristics were revealed through the use of the Spearman coefficient: acceptance of the student’s personality with “self-respect” – 0.399*; “self-belief” – 0.344**; “self-control” – 0.382**. The creation of trust relationships, respectively: 0.364**; 0.473**; 0.292**. All values are at * p <0.05; ** p <0.001. Also, connections with universal educational actions (UEAs) and communicative characteristics were identified: communicative UEAs and “the formation of belief in one’s own capabilities in a student” – -0.328; “the ability to refrain from pressure on the student’s personality” – -0.319. Regulatory UEAs were identified in a similar way – -0.412** and -0.304* at p <0.05. Using Fisher’s angular transformation, the authors revealed the links between self-belief and satisfaction with teachers’ attitude among 8th-9th grade students φ*=3.101; respectively, among 10th-11th grade students φ*=3.132 at p <0.01. Discussion and conclusion. The obtained results on the impact of characteristics of the teacher’s self-attitude on the emotional component of interaction with students prove the need to introduce psychological support for teachers’ activities into practice. The teacher’s professional activity as one of the key subjects in education yet remains without the necessary psychological support.

Evaluating the effectiveness of psychological assistance to primary schoolchildren with cognitive health disorders aimed at developing their self-regulation skills

Introduction. The authors investigate the problem of developing self-regulation skills in primary schoolchildren with cognitive impairments within the education system. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the program of psychological support aimed at developing self-regulation as a way of enhancing adaptive strategies of behavior and components of self-regulation. Materials and Methods. The study employs a formative psychological and educational experiment (the action research). The collected empirical data were analyzed and summarized. The sample consisted of 456 students, aged between 8 to 11 years, who were divided into three groups: NID (normal intellectual development), ID (intellectual disability), and MID (mild intellectual disability). The data obtained were interpreted and subjected to statistical analysis using various methods of mathematical and statistical processing: the reliability of differences according to statistical criteria, the F * angular transformation, the criterion for comparing the distribution of Pearson χ2 levels, correlation analysis, the method of correlation pleiades. Results. The research findings have shown that program of psychological support aimed at formation of self-regulation developed and implemented by the authors has proven to be effective. It contributes to successful formation of self-regulation in children with cognitive impairment. The program is a socio-psychological resource for improving cognitive health in primary schoolchildren. Conclusions. The article concludes that the implementation of the program of psychological support has led to a significant increase in the indicators of self-regulation components in the subjects. The obtained data can be used by educational settings teaching children with cognitive disabilities to increase the effectiveness of classroom and extracurricular activities and their successful integration into society.

Information-cybernetic approach to the design of a pedagogical experiment

The stages of a pedagogical experiment on teaching information security of future economists are presented from a cybernetic informational perspective. The experimental results were statistically processed, evaluated using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and the φ *criterion - Fisher's angular transformation.

The possibilities of pharmacological correction of ademol oxidative stress in rates with traumatic brain injury

Annotation. An important measure of intensive care in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the use of pharmacotherapeutic agents with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ademol compared with amantadine sulfate and 0.9% NaCl solution on the course of oxidative stress in the brain of TBI rats. The experiments were performed on 28 white male rats weighing 160-190 g. The experimental TBI model of severe severity was caused by the action of a carbon dioxide flow under pressure created using a gas balloon pneumatic gun. The therapeutic effect of ademol on model TBI was evaluated with a 2 mg/kg dose. The pseudoperated animals and control group received a 0.9% solution of NaCl and amantadine sulfate at a dose of 2 ml/kg and 5 mg/kg i/v. Data were processed using StatPlus 2009. We used the parametric criterion of t-Student, non-parametric criterion of W. White, paired criterion Ť. Wilcoxon, Fisher's angular transformation at p <0,05. In the course of the experiment, it was found that treatment of rats with TBI ademol leads to a decrease in the activity of lipid peroxidation and oxidative degradation of proteins (p<0.05) and promotes the normalization of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cells of traumatically damaged brain (p<0.05). The use of ademol compared to amantadine sulfate and 0.9% NaCl solution was accompanied by a more significant decrease in the activity of lipid peroxidation and oxidative degradation of proteins and an improvement in the level of antioxidant enzymes in damaged brain of animals with TBI (p<0.05).

Navigation control of Drone using Hand Gesture based on Complementary Filter Algorithm

One of the most important things to use UAV is navigation control. Navigation control is a way to adjust the direction of the quadcopter movements according to the command of the pilot. Natural User Interface (NUI) is a new way to interact with a system as navigation control. In this study, a wearable device was made that can detect hand gestures and gives instructions to the Dji Tello drone. The MPU6050 sensor is used to provide response in two dimensional axes. The complementary filter implements low pass filter on the accelerometer and integrates the value of the gyroscope with the previous angle output. After that, the value will be fed to the high pass filter. The results of the two filters will obtain stable angle, by adjusting the filter coefficient and the sampling time. The aim of complementary filter method is to reduce noise in angular transformation when the pilot makes hand gestures. Based on the experiments, the results show that hand gestures could give command for Dji Tello drone movements successfully. Therefore, it has been proven that the hand gesture can be used for the navigation control system on the Dji Tello drone.

The practical activity of development of a system of tasks as an important condition for training a future teacher for a digital school

The problem and the aim of the study. A teacher of a digital school, according to the requirements of the standard of professional activity, must possess such universal qualities related to information and communication technologies, formed communicative competence, the ability to work in a team. The formation of the relevant skills within the framework of university education is complicated by a number of problems of a different nature. The authors suggest organizing a practice of designing a system of specially selected tasks to improve the training of future teachers of a digital school. Research methods. The most important idea is the acquisition of new knowledge by creation and solving tasks. The solution of the system of educational, specially designed tasks supports the implementation of the provisions of the system-activity approach to learning. The pedagogical experiment involved 120 students of specialty 44.03.01 Pedagogical education (two training profiles, bachelor's degree level), Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia Federation. Statistical verification of the obtained results was made using Fisher's criterion (angular transformation). Results. Students of the experimental group were involved in practical activities to design their own tasks on the example of studying the theory and methods of teaching Informatics (situational-motivational; support; border): self-determination of the plot, the development directions of intensification and extensification. Statistically significant differences were revealed between the experimental and control groups in terms of the level of professional training φcrit < φemp (1.64 < 2.558). In conclusion, the authors generalized the features of the organization of practical activity for the development of a system of own tasks for a digital school: the choice of the first task, the use of information sources of various nature, learning with and without a computer, group discussion of a result, resolving contradictions, "ignorance–knowledge–understanding–skill–proficiency", work in conditions of uncertainty, etc.

PECULIARITIES OF THE CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF UKRAINIAN AND FOREIGN BRANDS

Ensuring sustainable competitive advantages is the main goal of the company in a chaotic and unpredictable change in the business environment. Sustainable and long-term competitive advantages are formed mainly on the basis of the new combinations or new ways of using intangible assets: they give impetus to the company's development and innovation in a rapidly transforming environment. One of such unique assets of the enterprise becomes a brand. The brand is the bearer of the value of the product in the consumer perception, and is often more attractive to the consumer than the actual consumer value of the product. Consumer perception of the brand is determined by a large number of factors, including personal and psychological factors that reflect the patterns of human consumer behavior and order its coexistence habits. The study of these aspects of consumer behavior is an extremely important task of marketing. The subject of the research is theoretical-methodical and practical aspects of peculiarities and factors of consumer perception of Ukrainian and foreign brands. The purpose of the article is to form a theoretical and methodological basis for determining and comparing the characteristics of the perception of domestic and foreign brands by Ukrainian consumers with different socio-demographic characteristics. In line with this goal, the research methodology is based on the use of expert survey methods to determine the characteristics of consumer perception of brands using Google Forms. The sample size is 169 people. Respondents were asked to rate 14 foreign and 11 Ukrainian most popular clothing brands according to selected parameters. To confirm the hypotheses formed in the study, the calculation of the Fisher's angular transformation criterion φ was used. According to the results of the study of features and factors of consumer perception of Ukrainian and foreign brands by Ukrainian consumers, the hypotheses about the greater commitment of Ukrainian consumers to foreign brands was confirmed (consumer perception of the ZARA brand exceeds the perception of the H&M brand, consumer confidence in foreign brands exceeds the trust in Ukrainian brands). Fisher's angular transformation criterion is used to confirm the hypotheses.

Projective Indicators of Emotional Destabilization in Children in the Practice of Psychological and Pedagogical Expertise

Psychological and pedagogical expertise is part of divorce proceedings. It is intended to resolve custody disputes and diagnose the emotional status of the child by various projective methods. The research objective was to identify effective projective referents of emotional instability and conflict in 63 children going through a custody trial. The control group included 56 children. The subjects were asked to draw a non-existent animal with crayons. The parameters evaluated on a dichotomous scale included: crosshatching, sketching, erasing and correcting, strong pressure, wounds or scars on the animal's body, weak legs, two or more heads, brightness and polychromy. The φ*-Fischer angular transformation criterion was used to compare the frequency in two independent samples and to assess the reliability of the differences. If the imaginary creature had two heads, it was a sign with a high differentiating power, which indicated an internal conflict and emotional contradiction in the child and, as a result, psychological instability. The polychromic pattern also proved different: the children in the experimental group appeared less likely to use color, which may indicate their low energy tone and depressed emotional state. Imaginary creatures on weak legs also proved more common in the experimental group, suggesting the children were going through an unbalanced state. Other parameters were quite rare in both groups.

Coping with the Reality Situation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Context of Individual Resilience

The current reality situation can be described as atypical and caused significant changes in all areas of human life. COVID-related experiences made people revaluate themselves and reconsider their plans. The research objective was to describe the current reality situation and its effect on resilience. Because of the lock down of March-April 2020, the research was conducted as online testing and involved 131 people (female – 56 %) aged 18–75 years (18–21 years – 39 respondents; 22–35 – 50 respondents; 36–60 – 37 respondents; 61–75 – 5 respondents), of whom 74 people were single and 57 were married. The obtained data were processed using methods of descriptive statistics, while statistical analysis of differences between groups were described based on H-Kraskel-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Fischer Angular Transformation Criterion. The empirical study included S. Maddi's Resilience Test as adapted by D. A. Leontyev and E. I. Rasskazova, as well as the method of Semantic Differential of the Reality Situation developed by O. V. Alexandrova and I. B. Dermanova. The authors analyzed the way the participants coped with the pandemic situation and attributed it to the type of adversities. The pandemic interrupted the continuity of life and interfered with the internal needs, e.g. motives, aspirations, values, etc. Groups with different socio-demographic background showed little difference in the way they coped with the reality situation; however, the differences in the level of resilience were more pronounced. The major difference between the groups was that a high level of resilience appeared to provide positive expectations and made it possible to see it not as critically complex. In some cases, participants with medium and low levels of resilience coped with the current situation better than the rest. The authors see the content of one’s inner work in an adverse situation as a self-organized process of understanding the situation in the context of one’s life path, gaining new meanings, and strengthening one’s resources.

Литокинетическая терапия после ДЛТ: возможности натуральных терпенов в комплексе с витамином Е

Introduction. Lithokinetic therapy after remote shock wave uretero lithotripsy (SWL) is an obligatory stage in the postoperative management of patients with urolithiasis. In the postoperative period, it is extremely important to correctly determine the required drug, its dosage and frequency of administration. According to clinical guidelines, it is customary to use standard schemes of lithokinetic therapy, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in combination with α-blockers. However, the effectiveness of this therapy does not always lead to success. In this regard, the use of herbal remedies is additionally recommended. One of the phytopreparations is the biologically active additive Renotinex, which is a combination of essential oil (anethole), 6 natural terpenes and an oil solution of vitamin E. Materials and methods. The study involved 100 patients with 4-10 mm ureteral stones after an SWL session. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: study and control, which included 50 patients each. The treatment was carried out for 28 days. Unlike patients in the control group, the patients of the main group, along with standard lithokinetic therapy (diclofenac, 1 suppository (50 mg) for pain, tamsulosin, 1 capsule (0.4 mg) in the morning), additionally received renotinex, 2 capsules 3 times a day. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed 2 and 4 weeks after the start of therapy according to the data of ultrasound and X-ray research methods: by the presence of calculus its average size and the expansion of the pelvicellular system. As part of laboratory diagnostics, a general blood test was performed with an assessment of 3 parameters, such as: hemoglobin level, erythrocytes, leukocytes; general urine analysis with an assessment of 2 parameters (erythrocyturia and leukocyturia). For statistical analysis, Student's t test and Fisher's angular transformation method were used. Results. The efficacy of combination therapy with renotinex after SWL of ureteral stones was 24% higher than that of standard lithokinetic therapy with NSAIDs and alpha-blockers; the significance of differences was obtained only after 4 weeks of therapy. Сconclusions. The effectiveness of lithokinetic combination therapy in combination with renotinex after SWL of ureteral stones is higher than standard therapy, including NSAIDs and alpha-blockers.