Angular Velocity Research Articles

Sex differences in intra-set kinematics and electromyography during different maximum repetition sets in the barbell back squat?

Barbell squats are commonly utilized in resistance training for rehabilitation, daily living enhancement, and improving sports performance. The current study investigated the kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) parameters in the squat between sexes across different repetition ranges (1-, 3-, 6-, and 10-RM) among recreationally strength-trained subjects. A total of 26 subjects (13 men: age 25 ± 3.5 years, height 178.2 ± 5.8 cm, weight 82.3 ± 9.1 kg; 13 women: age 24 ± 4.1 years, height 165.4 ± 6.3 cm, weight 68.2 ± 8.7 kg) participated in the study. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The findings revealed no sex-specific differences in average barbell velocity across repetition ranges. However, the 1-RM showed a significantly lower average velocity compared to the final repetition of other repetition ranges (p<0.001), with the last repetition at 10-RM revealing a significantly higher velocity (p<0.001). Women had greater maximal angular hip extension velocity in the final repetitions of the 6- and 10-RM (p≤0.035, ηp2≤0.20), while both sexes displayed lower maximal angular knee extension velocity in the final repetition of the 10-RM (p = 0.028, ηp2 = 0.15). Moreover, men had lower EMG amplitude in the rectus femoris (3- and 10-RM), soleus, and lateral vastus (10-RM) compared to women (p≥0.011, ηp2≥0.26). It was concluded that 10-RM differed greatly in kinematics and EMG, suggesting different fatigue mechanisms compared to other repetition ranges with heavier loads. Furthermore, sex differences in EMG and angular hip extension velocity might imply sex-specific fatiguing mechanisms during high-repetition squats. These considerations could be important when prescribing training programs.

Research on high-precision encoder based on optical-magnetic combination structure to measure absolute angle

As a kind of sensor for real-time feedback and dynamic monitoring of angular velocity and angular displacement of the system, the common photoelectric encoder is widely used in many fields such as new energy electric vehicles, servo closed-loop control systems, industrial control, security monitoring. In order to improve the resolution and accuracy, a kind of optical and magnetic combined encoder which combines photoelectricity and multi-pole magnetoelectricity is designed in this paper, where the light-blocking disk of photoelectric sensor is designed according to the pseudo-random sequence, and the photoelectric coding is used to determine the magnetic interval of multi-pole. The absolute angle is calculated according to the number of multiple circles plus the angle of single circle. The experimental results at different temperatures (−40 °C∼100 °C) show that the accuracy of the proposed combined encoder can reach ±0.08°, which is improved by 0.37° compared with that of the single-pole encoder. Finally, the combined encoder was applied to the pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera of a video surveillance enterprise, and the experiment showed that its repeated positioning accuracy reached ±0.02°, which is greatly improved compared with single-pole encoder.

Investigation the behavior of different fullerenes on graphene surface

In the present study, the regime of motion of fullerene molecules on graphene substrate in a specific temperature range is investigated. The potential energy of fullerene molecules is analyzed using classical molecular dynamics methods. Fullerene molecules C36, C50, C60, C76, C80, and C90 are selected due to spherical shapes of different sizes and good motion performance in previous studies. Analysis of the motion regime at different temperatures is one of the main objectives of this study. To achieve this aim, the translational and rotational movements of fullerene molecules are studied independently. In the first step of the investigation, Lennard-Jone's potential energy of fullerene molecules is calculated. Subsequently, the motion regime of different fullerenes is classified based on their displacement and diffusion coefficient. Findings indicate C60 is not appropriate in all conditions. However, C90 and C76 molecules are found to be appropriate candidates in most cases in different conditions. As far as a straight-line movement is considered, the deviation of fullerene molecules is compared by their angular velocities. Although C60 has a lower angular velocity due to its symmetrical shape, it may not move well due to its low diffusion coefficient. Overall, our study helps to understand the performance of different fullerene molecules on graphene substrate and find their possible applications, especially as wheels in nanomachine or nanocarrier structures.

The Impact of Drive Leg Impulse and Slope on Throwing Velocity and Kinematics in the Competitive Throwing Athlete.

Multiple studies have analyzed pitching kinematics using motion analysis technology, but lower extremity drive leg impulse (DLI) and drive leg slope (DLS) are not as well characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between DLI and DLS and pitch velocity as well as angular velocity of the pelvis, trunk, and humerus. Increased DLI and DLS will be correlated positively with pitch velocity and associated with increased angular velocities in the humerus, trunk, and pelvis. Retrospective case series. Level 4. Three-dimensional motion analyses data from 174 pitchers (age, 17.0 ± 1.0 years; height, 1.82 ± 0.07 m; weight, 80.0 ± 11.3 kg) throwing combined 613 fastball pitches were included. Pitchers threw 2 to 5 pitches, and the variables collected between pitches were averaged and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regressions to determine the association between DLS as well as DLI and pitch velocity and angular velocities of the pelvis, trunk, and humerus. Pitchers with higher DLI were associated with lower pitch velocities (β = -22.32; 95% CI, -32.75 to -11.88, P < 0.01). There were no significant associations for DLS and velocity (β = -0.60; 95% CI, -1.48 to 0.29, P = 0.18) or DLS and DLI with rotational velocities except for DLI and trunk kinematics (β = -0.60; 95% CI, -1.48 to 0.29, P = 0.18). In the combined cohort, DLI correlated negatively with pitch velocity, although this relationship does not exist in the subgroup analysis. Higher DLS was found in pitchers with slower pitch velocities in the elite, high school, and youth groups, although not statistically significant. No associations were found with DLS and any angular velocities between any level of play analyzed in this study, suggesting no consistent association regardless of playing level.

Rotational holographic transport from Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole

We consider rotational holographic transport in strongly coupled 2+1-dimensional systems, from the point of view of 3+1-dimensional gravity. We consider the moment of inertia I as a kind of transport coefficient, identified with the moment of inertia of a charged rotating black hole in AdS4 background. In the low-temperature region, we find the behavior of the density I/A with temperature T and angular velocity Ω and find a quadratic behavior for ∂(I/A)/∂Ω with T, in the presence of some charge Q. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Impact of human micro-movements on breathing zone and thermal plume formation

To enhance the realism and precision of indoor environment assessments and the evaluation of human health risks using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), it is crucial to accurately replicate human shape and physiological functions. This study investigates the influence of micro-movements resulting from posture control on the human breathing zone (BZ) using CFD analysis. A Computer-Simulated Person (CSP) incorporating a sophisticated nasal cavity model and multi-node thermoregulation was employed to precisely predict the microclimate around the human body, including the BZ. Two types of movements were considered to replicate micro-movements of a standing human body: angular and linear movements. The BZs were evaluated based on the Scale for Ventilation Efficiency (SVE) 4 and 5 for exhalation and inhalation modes, respectively. While the distribution of exhaled air remained generally consistent, distinct differences were observed in inhaled air distribution. In a representative case with a maximum angular velocity of 4°/s, the horizontal length increased by 12 cm, and the vertical distance of the SVE5>10 % distribution decreased by 14 cm compared to the stationary case. Linear movement, particularly in the mediolateral (ML) direction, led to a horizontal expansion of the inhaled air distribution. The findings of this study suggest that replicating human micro-movements has a minimal impact on general indoor climate analysis but significantly enhances the accuracy of predicting breathing air quality.

Multiple Self-Powered Sensor-Integrated Mobile Manipulator for Intelligent Environment Detection.

A multiple self-powered sensor-integrated mobile manipulator (MSIMM) system was proposed to address challenges in existing exploration devices, such as the need for a constant energy supply, limited variety of sensed information, and difficult human-computer interfaces. The MSIMM system integrates triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based self-powered sensors, a bionic manipulator, and wireless gesture control, enhancing sensor data usability through machine learning. Specifically, the system includes a tracked vehicle platform carrying the manipulator and electronics, including a storage battery and a microcontroller unit (MCU). An integrated sensor glove and terminal application (APP) enable intuitive manipulator control, improving human-computer interaction. The system responds to and analyzes various environmental stimuli, including the droplet and fall height, temperature, pressure, material type, angles, angular velocity direction, and acceleration amplitude and direction. The manipulator, fabricated using 3D printing technology, integrates multiple sensors that generate electrical signals through the triboelectric effect of mechanical motion. These signals are classified using convolutional neural networks for accurate environmental monitoring. Our database shows signal recognition and classification accuracy exceeding 94%, with specific accuracies of 100% for pressure sensors, 99.55% for angle sensors, and 98.66, 95.91, 96.27, and 94.13% for material, droplet, temperature, and acceleration sensors, respectively.

Closed form analytical solution and scan pattern shaping theory of three-element Risley prism for LiDAR systems

Three-element Risley prism are emerging technologies in LiDAR. It can convert the FoV into a rectangular shape with high coverage rates in specific conditions, making it suitable for applications in autonomous driving scenarios. The addition of a third prism has been proven effective in eliminating blind spots and singularity problems. One challenge facing the use of three-element scanners in autonomous driving is the accurate positioning control of light beams during high-speed motion, especially in specific scan patterns such as near rectangles. This work introduces a closed-form analytical solution and parameters for the scan patterns of the three-element scanner through a non-paraxial tracing method. The closed-form solution includes two groups of coefficients representing all possible configurations of the three-element scanner. The parameters consist of ten degrees of freedom: angular velocity ratio, M1, M2, deflection angle ratio, k1, k1, initial phases, θ0q(q=1,2,3), distance between the two prisms dair1, dair2, and distance from the screen, P. To our knowledge, this is the first study to discuss these degrees of freedom in the context of the closed-form solution. We obtain its scan patterns by MATLAB 2019a and explore a configuration of three-element Risley prism in near-rectangular scan patterns, achieving a wide FoV and high point cloud density while avoiding blind spots and singularity issues. To validate the simulation results, a three-element Risley prism scanner system based on brushless motor is developed. Our study suggests that the three-element rotating prism scanner holds potential superiority in forward-looking LiDAR solutions.

On the existence of a very metal-poor disc in the Milky Way

ABSTRACT The question of whether the Milky Way’s disc extends to low metallicity has been the subject of debate for many years. We aim to address the question by employing a large sample of giant stars with radial velocities and homogeneous metallicities based on the Gaia Data Release 3 BP/RP(XP) spectra. We study the 3D velocity distribution of stars in various metallicity ranges, including the very metal-poor (VMP) regime ($\mathrm{[M/H]} &amp;lt; -2.0$). We find that a clear, stand-alone disc population, i.e. that with a ratio of rotational velocity to velocity dispersion $v/\sigma &amp;gt; 1$, starts to emerge only around $\mathrm{[M/H]} \sim -1.3$, and is not visible for $\mathrm{[M/H]} &amp;lt; -1.6$. Using Gaussian mixture modelling, we show that there are two halo populations in the VMP regime: one stationary and one with a net prograde rotation of $\sim\!\! 80\ \mathrm{km\, s}^{-1}$. In this low-metallicity range, we are able to place constraints on the contribution of a rotation-supported thick disc sub-population to a maximum of $\sim\!\! 3$ per cent in our sample. We compare our results to previous claims of discy VMP stars in both observations and simulations and find that having a prograde halo component could explain most of these.

An asymmetrical body: Example of analytical solution for the rotation matrix in elementary functions and Dzhanibekov effect

We solved the Poisson equations, obtaining their exact solution in elementary functions for the rotation matrix of a free asymmetrical body with angular velocity vector lying on separatrices. This allows us to discuss the temporal evolution of Dzhanibekov’s nut directly in the laboratory system, where it is observed. The rotation matrix depends on two parameters with clear physical interpretation as a frequency and a damping factor of the solution. Qualitative analysis of the solution shows that it properly describes a single-jump Dzhanibekov effect.

Fuelless On-Orbit Assembly of a Large Space Truss Structure Using Repulsion of the Service Spacecraft by Robotic Manipulators

A servicing spacecraft motion control approach for the problem of on-orbit truss structure assembly is developed in this paper. It is considered that a cargo container with a rod set and servicing spacecraft are in orbit initially. The assembly procedure is based on spacecraft free-flight motion between the structure’s specified points. The spacecraft is equipped with two robotic manipulators capable of attaching to the structure and holding rods. In addition, the spacecraft can repulse from the structure with a given relative velocity using a manipulator, so the spacecraft and the structure receive impulses. The repulsion velocity vector is calculated in order to reach the structure target point to deliver and install the rod into the truss structure, or to reach the cargo container and take a rod. The problem of searching the repulsion velocity is formulated as an optimization problem with constraints, taking into account the limited value of the repulsion velocity, collision avoidance with structure, restrictions on the angular velocity and translational motion of the structure in the orbital reference frame. This problem is solved numerically with an initial guess vector obtained analytically for simplified motion cases. The application of the proposed control scheme to the assembly of a truss-based antenna is demonstrated. It is shown that the servicing spacecraft is successfully transferred between the structure points by means of manipulator repulsion. Main features and limitations of the assembly problem using a spacecraft with two manipulators are discussed.

Chemical reaction effects on MHD heat and mass convection of rotating fluid past a moving vertical plate in a porous medium with hall current

This study presents the problem of steady heat mass convective Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a moving and rotating fluid over a vertical uniformly moving plate through a porous medium in the presence of a first-order chemical reaction and strong magnetic field where the Hall effect is present. The numerical solutions of similarity equations are obtained by Runge-Kutta fourth order method. The graphical results show the effects of different parameters such as chemical reaction, permeability, wall velocity ratio and rotation parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and which can also show a clear difference with the literature results.

Determination of the polarization of Xe nuclear spin using transverse and longitudinal Rb in-situ magnetometers in NMR co-magnetometers

NMR co-magnetometers, as novel atomic sensors, can measure the angular velocity information in inertial measurements by detecting the spin precession of Xe nuclei. The Xe polarization plays a crucial role in the sensing unit of co-magnetometers, as it enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity of NMR sensors. Here we elucidated the Rabi dynamics of Xe nuclear spin and demonstrated two methods to determine the Xe polarization based on the classical Bloch equations. By detecting the optical rotation angle signal, we acquired the amplitude and the phase variations information in two methods, respectively. The transverse magnetometer relies on the amplitude of the free induction decay (FID) signal and applies a short pulse to flip the Xe fields into the transverse plane, enabling precise measurements. On the other hand, the longitudinal magnetometer offers an intuitive approach to measuring the demodulated phase variations by capturing the repetitive flips of longitudinal Xe fields. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both proposed methods, with the aim of enhancing the accuracy and authenticity of nuclear spin polarization measurements for noble gas atoms in atomic sensors.

Computational study on torsional Casson fluid flow through concentric cylinders in a porous medium

The aim of this article is to gain a better knowledge of the non-Newtonian features of Casson fluid flow under torsional motion through two concentric cylinders in a porous medium. This study is crucial because it has the ability to control the flow characteristics of Casson fluids in porous media using rotating cylinders for the optimization of industrial processes. The flow-narrating differential equations are converted into a set of nonlinear differential equations. To obtain numerical results to flow problem, a computational model is developed. Numerical solutions are acquired employing the fourth-order exactness programme (Bvp4c), and findings are validated by comparing them to the Runge-Kutta fourth-order approach. Consequences of various distinct parameters for fluid flow and heat transfer are interpreted in graphical and tabular form. It is found that both fluid velocity and temperature increase with growing inputs of outer angular velocity (0.3≤Ω2≤0.9). Skin friction coefficient (CfsTa) is observed to decline in the case when both cylinders are rotating in same direction (Ω1=0.7andΩ2=0.7) with enhanced inputs of Hartmann number (0.5≤Ha≤2.0), while Nusselt number (Nus) profiles are enhanced with rising inputs of the Forchheimer parameter (0.2≤Fr≤0.8) when both cylinders are rotating in opposite direction (Ω1=0.7andΩ2≤−0.7).

Influence of heat source/sink on a rotating cone in a rotating nanofluid with magnetic field impact: Application of Hosoya polynomial‐based collocation method

AbstractThe present analysis considers the angular velocities of the free flow and the arbitrarily fluctuating cone over time, leading to an unsteady stream over a rotating cone in a rotating nanofluid. The effects of heat source/sink and magnetic field on an unsteady flow past a rotating cone in a rotating nanoliquid are considered in this examination. The dimensional governing equations are transformed into nondimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the similarity variables. The nonlinear system of ODEs has been solved using the Hosoya polynomial‐based collocation method (HPBCM), and the obtained values are compared with the numerical method Runge Kutta Fehlberg's fourth‐fifth order (RKF‐45) scheme. The effects of numerous factors on the momentum and thermal distributions are shown graphically. Results reveal that the ratio of the cone angular velocity to the free stream angular velocity increases the velocity profile but converse trend is seen for the thermal profile. The upsurge in the values of the magnetic parameter intensifies the velocity profile. The rise in the values of the heat source/sink parameter upsurges the thermal profile. As the unsteady parameter increases temperature profile declines.

Investigation on unsteady fluid flow around an oscillating sphere-A numerical and analytical approach

This article presents the Investigation on unsteady fluid flow around an oscillating sphere-A Numerical and Analytical approach. The analytical expressions for angular velocity and temperature of the fluid around an oscillating sphere have been obtained in form of Bessel functions with suitable assumed boundary conditions. The numerical results in terms of angular velocity, temperature and pressure distribution for various values of the material parameters have been obtained using R-K method of 6th order with shooting methods with the help of MATHEMATICA ND solver. The influence of thermo-viscous flow parameters on angular velocity, temperature, pressure and drag on the boundary have been presented in form of tables and graphs. It may be noticed that the thermo-viscous effects are more predominant in the flow region around the boundary of the oscillating sphere. The R-K method with shooting method is the most powerful and elegant method to solve the governing equations related to the fluid dynamics problems. This method gives the accurate and valid results of highly complex coupled governing equations. The analytical results obtained are validated with this method in the present problem. The results obtained by this method gives more accurate, stable and converging to the analytical results. The numerical solutions of governing equations of present work have been obtained are compared with the existing analytical results and are found to be in excellent agreement. The present theoretical work will be hope fully for the better understanding of researchers and scientists and also it is useful in chemical and nuclear industries.

Isokinetic Peak Torque Improvement and Shoulder Muscle Ratios Imbalance Correction After Specific Strength Training on a New Ballistic Throwing Device: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week ballistic-strength-training program using a validated specific throwing device (ie,Arm/Shoulder Specific Strength Device), on isokinetic shoulders' rotation muscle-torques and ratios as well as range of motion in team handball players. A repeated-measures experimental design with a randomized controlled trial was used. Twenty-six high-level competitive male U-19 team handball players were randomly assigned into training (TG, n = 15) and control (n = 11) groups. The TG undertook a twice a week for 8-week periodized throws program with an individually predetermined optimal load. The program incorporated shackled eccentric and concentric exercises using the Arm/Shoulder Specific Strength Device. Peak torques, functional, and conventional ratios for both arms at different angular velocities (60°·s-1, 180°·s-1, and 300°·s-1) were assessed over time and between groups, using an isokinetic dynamometer. A significant improvement for TG (P < .01; d = 1.13 [moderate]; +20.2%) of the concentric peak torques for dominant arm in external rotation was observed at 300°·s-1. Significant (P < .05-.01) increases were also noted for nondominant arm at the 3 studied angular velocities. In addition, 300°·s-1 eccentric peak torques of the dominant arm and nondominant arm have significantly improved for both external and internal rotations (P < .05; d = .99 [moderate] and d = 1.21 [large]; +15.7% and + 17.9%, respectively) with small changes at the other angular assessed velocities. Posttraining, TG's dominant arm showed significant improvements (P < .05-.01) in functional and conventional ratios at all velocities. Notably, significant differences (P < .05-.01) were observed at 60°·s-1 and across all velocities when comparing the TG with the control group. TG showed significant increase for internal rotation and external rotation shoulder range of motions (P < .05; d = 1.22-1.27 [large]), +5.0% and +7.7%, respectively). The specific 8-week throwing training program on the Arm/Shoulder Specific Strength Device showed significant performance improvements in almost all assessed isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torques as well as internal and external range of motion increase for both arms while ensuring rotator cuff torque ratios and shoulder mobility in team handball real sport-specific condition.

Dark Matter Distribution in Milky Way analog Galaxies

Our current understanding of how dark matter (DM) is distributed within the Milky Way (MW) halo, particularly in the solar neighborhood, is based on either careful studies of the local stellar orbits, model assumptions on the global shape of the MW halo, or from direct acceleration measurements. In this work, we undertake a study of external galaxies, with the intent of providing insight into the DM distribution in MW-analog galaxies. For this, we carefully select a sample of galaxies similar to the MW, based on maximum atomic hydrogen (H i) rotational velocity ( vmax,HI=200–280 km s−1) and morphological type (Sab–Sbc) criteria. With a need for deep, highly resolved H i, our resulting sample is composed of five galaxies from the VLA Imaging of Virgo in Atomic Gas (VIVA) survey and The H i Nearby Galaxy Survey (THINGS). To perform our baryonic analysis, we use deep mid-IR images at 3.6 and 4.5 μm from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structures in Galaxies (S4G). Based on the dynamical three-dimensional modeling software 3D-Based Analysis of Rotating Objects via Line Observations (3D-BAROLO), we construct rotation curves (RCs) and derive the gas and stellar contributions from the galaxy's gaseous and stellar disks' mass surface density profiles. Through a careful decomposition of their RCs into their baryonic (stars, gas) and DM components, we isolate the DM contribution by using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based approach. Based on the Sun's location and the MW’s R 25, we define the corresponding location of the solar neighborhood in these systems. We put forward a window for the DM density (ρ dm = 0.21–0.55 GeV cm−3) at these galactocentric distances in our MW analog sample, consistent with the values found for the MW’s local DM density, based on more traditional approaches found in the literature.

BreakBRD Galaxies: Evolutionary Clues through an Analysis of Gas Content

By combining newly obtained deep Green Bank Telescope 21 cm observations with optical spectroscopic data, we present an analysis of the gas content of break bulges in red disks (breakBRD) galaxies, a population denoted by their blue star-forming centers and red quenched disks that do not appear to follow the typical inside-out evolution of spiral galaxies. We confirm previous results that the neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) gas fractions of breakBRDs are, on average, lower than those of typical galaxies on the star-forming sequence (SFS), and find that their H i fractions are generally higher than green valley (GV) galaxies. H i depletion times for breakBRDs are roughly an order of magnitude lower than those of SFS galaxies, in stark contrast with GV galaxies that typically have much longer depletion times than SFS galaxies. The nuclear gas-phase metallicities of breakBRDs have a broader distribution than SFS galaxies and are skewed toward slightly above-average values. BreakBRDs are systematically offset from the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation toward lower baryonic mass at a given rotation velocity. They also have higher typical H i asymmetries than SFS galaxies, and of those galaxies with spatially resolved gas velocity fields from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey, two-thirds are either highly distorted or completely misaligned relative to the stellar disk. Evidence supports a scenario where breakBRDs are in an early phase of quenching, and there is mixed evidence that their behavior is related to past merger activity.

Centrifugal failure mechanism analysis for ferrofluid seals based on a bidirectional coupled multi-physics model

In this paper, we propose a bidirectional coupled multi-physics (BCM) model to study the centrifugal failure mechanism of ferrofluid seals, employing a hybrid finite volume–finite element method. In this model, the evolution of the flow field is described by the two-phase incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations with Kelvin force. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to capture the gas-ferrofluid interface. Magnetic scalar potential is introduced to solve for the magnetostatic field. We conducted secondary development on the OpenFOAM and Elmer software packages, which are based on the finite volume method (FVM) and finite element method (FEM), respectively, to calculate the flow field and magnetic field in ferrofluid seals. By developing interpolation methods between FEM and FVM grids based on the parallel bidirectional coupler EOF-Library[1], field information exchange between the flow field and magnetic field is achieved. The BCM model executes iterative computations on the flow and magnetic fields in an alternating way, continuously synchronizing the information of each, thus facilitating bidirectional coupling between the FVM and FEM frameworks. We employ the BCM model to investigate the failure mechanisms of ferrofluid seals under different conditions, including various load pressure and rotational velocity. The results indicate that the ferrofluid will leave the surface of the shaft along the pole teeth under the action of centrifugal forces, with the highest radial velocity occurring at the boundary of the liquid film. Under varying conditions of rotational velocity and pressure drop, the centrifugal failure modes of ferrofluid seals exhibit distinct differences. Moreover, two dimensionless numbers are proposed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of load pressure and centrifugal force, thereby augmenting the efficacy of seal design.