Anglophone World Research Articles

Premodern Germany and the teleology of economic history

Premodern Germany and the teleology of economic history

Beyond the Great War: Making Peace in a Disordered World, ed. Norman Ingram and Carl Bouchard

Historians have written extensively about the end of the First World War and the birth of the new international order, ranging from Arno J. Mayer’s Political Origins of the New Diplomacy (1959) to Margaret MacMillan’s Peacemakers (2003). The centenary of the Great War has added to this vast historiography. We now know more, for example, about the global implications of the war and its aftermath. Most studies, however, still focus on a fairly narrow set of actors and spaces, and a brief period of time. Six months changed the world, the subtitle of MacMillan’s book suggests. But was 1919 really a fresh start? Can we reduce the sortie de guerre to the negotiations in Paris, and the effect that President Woodrow Wilson had on them? The editors and contributors in this volume reject the dominant view of the peace process. 1919 was not a zero hour, they argue, nor a moment of order. Instead, the chapters emphasise the disorder and discontent that shaped the peace well into the 1920s, including voices that went unheard by contemporary decision makers. The book is the result of a 2018 conference by a group of French and Anglo-American scholars and consequently focuses on France and the anglophone world. It has eleven chapters divided into three sections, which address the emergence of internationalism, the post-war discourse in France, and the perspectives of women and non-state groups. The authors draw on a range of archival records, some of them previously untapped, as well as recent scholarship, notably the influential studies by Robert Gerwarth and Erez Manela.

The Routledge Companion to Crime Fiction

The Routledge Companion to Crime Fiction

Aretino Jesuited: an English Translation of the Sette Salmi in Seventeenth‐Century Douai

AbstractThis article offers the first focused analysis of John Hawkins's 1635 English rendering of Pietro Aretino's Parafrasi sopra i sette salmi della penitenza di David, situating the translation within its Catholic and translingual context. Nearly a century after Thomas Wyatt's versified treatment of the Sette Salmi, a sequence of seven Psalms framed within the narrative of a penitent King David, this prose version appeared in Douai, a city known for its English Catholic university. I analyse this translation's discursive and bibliographical elements in relation to the dynamic book trade supplying England's Catholics with religious texts, and with particular emphasis on the ways Hawkins's rendering dresses the Sette Salmi in the rhetoric of imaginative contemplation for devotional purposes. ‘Contemplate on the subiect following’, he urges in a preface to the reader; in his English treatments of the paraphrases' prologues, meanwhile, the translator embroiders the text with emphases on both ‘phantasy’ and heightened suffering. Though Hawkins never names Aretino explicitly, this translation takes part in a transnational effort to revisit the Sette Salmi and to rehabilitate an author known commonly in the Anglophone world, if not more widely in Europe, as the ‘scourge of princes’ and author of the scandalous Ragionamenti.

Protestant Theology and Modernity in the Nineteenth-Century Netherlands. By Arie L. Molendijk

Molendijk’s fine monograph covers the negotiation between theology and modernity in the Netherlands during the nineteenth century, as exemplified in a select number of representative thinkers like, among others, Isaac da Costa, Allard Pierson, Abraham Kuyper, and Abraham Kuenen. Other than Kuyper, the other figures have not received due attention in the Anglophone world. The running thread of Molendijk’s thesis is that, whether these theologians were embracing or critiquing modernity, they re-articulated theology in ways that not only incorporated but also propelled particular modern institutional and intellectual expressions forward. This thesis is advanced in the first three chapters by showing that Da Costa and Pierson, who in many ways opposed one another (the former was a devout Christian convert and an important representative of the Réveil; the latter progressed toward agnosticism and rejected the need for supernatural revelation), articulated their ideas with distinctly modern idiom. Both appealed to the necessity of individually appropriating one’s beliefs, both displayed a keen awareness of worldviews, and both were in agreement that Christianity or religion as such was incompatible with the spirit of modernity.

Structural competency, Latin American social medicine, and collective health: Exploring shared lessons through the work of Jaime Breilh

ABSTRACT Structural competency is a recent framework for understanding and addressing the structural drivers of disease. Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health is a decades-long movement similarly concerned with the study and transformation of social structures to achieve health equity. In this paper, we put insights from Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health into conversation with the developing structural competency framework. We focus specifically on insights from Jaime Breilh’s new article summarising his theoretical work on medical ethics and rights in this special issue and his new book, Critical Epidemiology and the People’s Health. This paper is comprised of three parts. Part 1 provides an introduction to the structural competency framework. Part 2 provides an overview of the Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health movement, along with a summary of the social determination of health paradigm. Part 3 places insights from these works into conversation with structural competency and considers ways in which Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health might inform the further development of structural competency, and potentially vice versa. The paper closes by calling for greater attention to Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health among those committed to health equity within the anglophone world.

“Lockeian liberalism” and “classical republicanism”: the formation, function and failure of the categories

ABSTRACT The contest between “Lockeian liberalism” and “classical republicanism” as explanatory frameworks for the intellectual history of the American Revolution, and therefore of the present-day United States, has been one of the longest running and most distinguished in recent U.S. historiography. It also has major implications for the history of political thought in the North Atlantic Anglophone world more widely. Yet this debate was merely suspended when it was held to have ended in an ill-defined compromise. Although some U.S. historians expressed doubts and qualifications, attention in U.S. historiography moved on to other themes while leaving the initial problem unsolved. This article reopens the question; it suggests that a historicization of both these two categories is now both possible and necessary, and that their supersession will advance understanding of the Revolution. It seeks to help solve this problem by the same means that the debate began: that is, by re-establishing a link between U.S. and U.K. historiographies.

Making Mallorcan mischief: translating, rehearsing, and performing the Entremès del Pasquedó at the 2022 Out of the Wings Festival

Catalan-language theatre from the Middle Ages is completely unknown in the Anglophone world, even though the Catalan Countries have rich performance histories from this historical period. An unknowing audience presents both opportunities and challenges to any theatre translator, but the transition from page to stage is not a simple transaction. Considering translation as a space for playful probing and creative intervention, this article reflects on the rehearsal process for the Mallorcan cuckoldry play, l’Entremès del Pasquedó, which was performed as part of the Out of the Wingsfestival in the summer of 2022. By looking at how the rehearsal process led to (re)translating, as well as (re)negotiating the jump from text to body, this article highlights that theatre translation is a never-ending process and, much like texts from theMiddle Ages, it can continually be reimagined and reworked in new contexts.

Review: The Metropolis in Latin America, 1830–1930: Cityscapes, Photographs, Debates, edited by Idurre Alonso and Maristella Casciato

Review: <i>The Metropolis in Latin America, 1830–1930: Cityscapes, Photographs, Debates</i>, edited by Idurre Alonso and Maristella Casciato

Italian Detective Fiction in a European Context: National, International, Transnational

Abstract: Detective fiction and place have always been tightly connected, both within the fiction itself and within the criticism. In this article, I look at French, Scandinavian and Italian crime fiction, with an eye not only to what a comparative analysis shows (traditionally rooted in a relatively static notion of national literatures that are assumed to be more or less “comparable” and thus in some sense equivalent) but—more importantly—to what an analysis attentive to a transnational understanding shows. The notion of the international and the idea of comparative are remarkably close in locating themselves in an abstract space between two objects of attention. Those objects are, in their abstracted state, more or less equal. What is lost in those abstractions is precisely what is not lost in the space of the transnational, since transnational movements are always from one specific place to another. Transnational studies should always capture the question of the asymmetric and differential power between nations and cultures—what makes it easy to go to some places, hard to go to other. Broadly speaking, I look at two very different kinds of crime fiction. First, the international thriller, in which the detective moves effortlessly around the world, the movement of Bauman’s “liquid modernity”—a genre that is, unsurprisingly, strongly associated with an invisible privilege and prestige. This subgenre is perhaps most tightly associated with the Anglophone world but certainly appears in France and Scandinavia as well. Second, what I call the “Euro-procedural”, a form that was pioneered by the Swedish authors Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöo in the 1960s but that has particularly flourished in the age of globalization, perhaps particularly in Italy. The Euro-procedural stresses, like all procedurals, the grinding and unpleasant day to day work of the detective, caught between a hostile public and a decaying European state; not every crime in the Euro-procedural involves other nations but, when they do, their transnational or transcultural nature is clearly marked, as human capital and valuable illicit materials like drugs are trafficked from the (relative) periphery to the (relative) center. Broadly speaking, the Euro-procedural insists on the boundaries that demarcate national spaces but does so in order to stress both the weakness of the nation state in an era of global crime and movements of capital, material and persons and also to stress the asymmetric relations of power between different nations or cultural spaces.

Lotman in the Anglophone world: General trends, two new anthologies and a Companion

This article reconstructs the main foci and changes in the reception of Juri Lotman’s work and Lotman-related scholarship in the Anglophone world. The first part of the article presents a brief critical overview of the history of the translations of Juri Lotman’s works into English and of Anglophone scholarship on Lotman from 1973 to the present. The second part of the article considers more closely three volumes entirely dedicated to Lotman’s work which have most recently been published in English: the anthologies of translated texts by Lotman Culture, Memory and History: Essays in Cultural Semiotics (2019, ed. Marek Tamm) and Culture and Communication: Signs in Flux. An Anthology of Major and Lesser-Known Works by Juri Lotman (2020, ed. Andreas Schönle) as well as The Companion to Juri Lotman: A Semiotic Theory of Culture (2022, eds. Marek Tamm and Peeter Torop).

The Classics between Disciplines and Theories: The Anthropology of Ancient Worlds

&#x0D; The paper presents the work of the French School of Anthropology of Ancient Worlds, which was developing intensively among the researchers gathered around the Centre Louis Gernet in Paris, named after the pioneer of this approach. This epistemological turn in researching classics is the consequence of the intersection of the classics, history, anthropology, sociology, archaeology, and different critical theories. The shift does not only refer to the change of methodologies, but also to the change of researched themes and phenomena, which are regarded in the concrete socio-political and cultural context. The most important representatives of the first generation in the Centre were Jean-Pierre Vernant, Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Marcel Detienne, and Nicole Loraux. Their work has been translated into other languages, while the Centre was a lively place of intellectual dialogue and innovative approaches to antiquity, especially during the 1970s and the 1980s. Extremely interesting dialogue and influences also appeared beyond the borders of France, so the paper will turn briefly to the reception of the school in the Anglophone world, but also in the former Yugoslavia, with the intention to shed light on certain intellectual trajectories in the exchange of ideas. &#x0D;

Olanda

Olanda

50 years of Higher Education: a critical reflection and thoughts on an evolving agenda

This introduction to the 50th anniversary special issue of Higher Education recounts the history of the journal and reflects on the evolution and expansion of the journal and the field. Higher education studies is an object-oriented field that combines academic explanations with practical interventions. The journal takes an agnostic approach to disciplinary frameworks, theories, and methodologies and an eclectic and inclusive approach to topics. It began in 1972 with a preoccupation with the nature and implications of mass higher education systems, including internationally comparative analyses, and with a focus on policy and planning. Most of the earlier themes of research in the field have continued to the present, but as mass higher education systems have spread across the world, so has the journal’s author list and editorial group. Higher education studies remain biased to the Anglophone and Euro-American worlds in their topics, theorizations, and author lists. Between 1996 and 2018, the USA and other English-speaking countries accounted for about 70% of authorship in the six journals with the highest impact factor. However, in Higher Education, that proportion was just over 45%, indicating some progress in the journal’s efforts to pluralize, partly through the growth of papers from China. The introduction looks forward, anticipating growth in contributions from the global South, and further inquiry into the purposes of higher education and into its relations in social context. Finally, the introduction discusses the 50th anniversary papers that follow, contributed by twelve present and past editors of the journal.

Wang Anshi and Song Poetic Culture

Wang Anshi and Song Poetic Culture

Politics, Religion and Ideas in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Britain: Essays in Honour of Mark Goldie, ed. Justin Champion, John Coffey, Tim Harris and John Marshall

Few modern scholars deserve a Festschrift more than Mark Goldie. As the fifteen-page bibliography of his writings makes clear, his contribution to Restoration and eighteenth-century studies has been immense, and also highly varied. Although perhaps best known as a commentator on Locke, his work has also touched on Restoration clergymen and informers, the politics of office-holding, the Scottish Enlightenment, theories of religious intolerance, James Harrington, and even the architecture of Churchill College, Cambridge. It seems fitting that someone who has enjoyed a number of fruitful publishing collaborations with colleagues should be celebrated by a volume edited by no fewer than four of his former students, one of whom—Justin Champion—sadly died very shortly after the book’s appearance. Together they provide an eighteen-page introductory tribute discussing the honorand’s role as writer, teacher and mentor. But there seems to be little place for mere sentiment in the pitiless modern world of academic publishing. Is the book worth acquiring and reading in and of itself? The answer is a firm ‘yes’, partly because of the quality of the team of contributors that has been assembled—mostly Goldie’s own former students. More important is the fact that two clusters of essays offer riches for significant groups of scholars: those who are interested in John Locke, and those working on the intellectual culture of pre-modern Scotland. Sami Savonius-Wroth’s discussion of corruption makes a strong case for Locke’s main concern being the future of European civilisation, which was to be safeguarded by pursuing ‘a particular regenerative enterprise’ (p. 144). An appropriately educated ruling class would be ‘galvanised by revelation’ to persevere ‘in the constant struggle to reorder the psyche to a more rational, chastened and regulated, a less erratic and desire-driven, mode of life’ (p. 158). Delphine Soulard’s study of literary journals published in the Dutch Republic demonstrates the extent to which Locke’s ideas were received by Francophone readers. Jean Le Clerc in particular was ‘instrumental in erecting Locke as the epitome of toleration, truth and liberty’ (p. 217)—findings framed to complement Goldie’s own work on Locke’s wider reception in the anglophone world. Geoff Kemp fruitfully links together Locke’s time as a censor at Christ Church in 1664 and his writings against censorship in the 1690s. These are connected and understood through classical understandings of the role of censors in supervising and promoting the character and virtue of the people. Locke was against legislation censoring the press both because it was ‘ecclesiastical’ in its function, designed to shield ‘mother church’, and due to his loathing of the monopolistic oppression perpetrated against scholars by the Stationers’ Company (pp. 173, 176). For his part, John Marshall offers a timely piece linking together support for slavery overseas and forced labour at home in the context of the difficult economic circumstances of the 1690s. Locke’s position on the Board of Trade included support for the expansion of slavery in the Caribbean; his writings in the 1690s recommended ‘suppression’ of ‘begging drones’ who live ‘unnecessarily upon other people’s labour’ and ‘pretend they cannot get work’ (p. 194). Such an outlook fed into the expansion of workhouses in the capital.

Harm Received, Harm Caused: A Scottish Gael’s Journey to Becoming Pākehā

Beurla an donais. The language of the devil. This is how my great-great-great grandfather, Neil McLeod, described English in his native Gaelic as he grieved the loss of his wife Rebecca Henry in 1886. Even as he tried to distance himself socially and linguistically from the Anglophone world, however, he had already long since been caught up in its colonial machinery. After being cleared from his ancestral homeland of Raasay, Scotland in 1864 and relocated to the colonial frontier in Aotearoa New Zealand, Neil went on to spend more than fifteen years in the New Zealand Armed Constabulary and its reconstituted form, the New Zealand Police Force, before being killed on the job in 1890. Drawing on critical family history literature, firsthand accounts from Neil’s personal diaries, other family accounts and additional historical research, this article retraces Neil’s assimilation into white New Zealand. By unsettling the “constitutive forgetting” by which Neil and his descendants forsook our connection to Raasay and the Scottish Gàidhealtachd to become Pākehā settlers, I explore a history prior to and concurrent with the colonisation of Aotearoa which accounts for multi-ethnic Pākehā origins, beyond the Anglo-Saxon, and enables a deeper understanding of how and why Gaels such as Neil participated in the British Empire. I conclude by considering how Neil’s story deepens our understanding of how the settler-colonial subject is produced by highlighting the occasionally fine but always distinct line between coloniser and colonised.

Paratextual Framing for Translating and Disseminating the Ming novel Jinpingmei in the Anglophone world

This paper examines the paratextual framing of the English translations of Jinpingmei (JPM). The primary focus is on the ways in which two remarkable translations are (re)packaged for the intended audience in the Anglophone world. Drawing upon Genette’s paratextuality theory and contemporary translation theories, the paper attempts to investigate whether and how paratextual elements can (re)shape the two translations and foster the representation of alterity. After presenting the theoretical framework, the paper focuses on the peritexts surrounding the core texts. It argues that peritextual manipulation not merely serves marketing ends but highlights translators’ visibility and ideological intervention in producing translations of premodern Chinese texts in different historical settings in the receiving context. It concludes that translational peritexts can be an effective means to enact cross-cultural construction and that the latest translation demonstrates a higher level of peritextual visibility in sustaining the genre of Chinese vernacular fiction and in promoting images of Chinese culture in the receiving context.

Equality, liberty, justice: Bobbio’s democratic vision, between liberalism and socialism *

ABSTRACT Bobbio’s democratic vision warrants scrutiny not simply as a theory of procedural democracy, but also for its critical study of political ideologies (historical and contemporary) and its ambition to reconcile some of their driving ideals. This article draws the attention of Anglophone scholars to Bobbio’s life-long endeavour to merge the competing agendas of liberalism and socialism and thus develop a democratic theory capable of merging productively the notions of equality, liberty, and justice. Rather than a cross-eyed theory of democracy, Bobbio’s encapsulated a vigorous attempt to alert rival partisans of both the limits and the potential of their respective projects. He urged socialists to appreciate the importance of liberal institutions and procedures vis-à-vis unconditional celebrations of direct democracy; at the same time, he warned liberals about the ‘broken promises’ of representative democracy and the oligarchic involution of parliamentarism. The article pursues three related goals. It situates Bobbio’s project in its historical context, charting the ways in which the political history of 20th-century Italy and Europe forged his “liberalsocialism”. It examines its similarities and differences with previous attempts to cross-fertilize the liberal and the socialist projects across the Atlantic. It explores its constitutive tensions through the lenses of one of its most perceptive interpreters in the Anglophone world – Perry Anderson. By doing so, the article seeks to provide a nuanced study of Bobbio’s democratic vision and shed light on its persistent relevance for thinking through the challenges of representative democracy in our present.

A match made in heaven - "Indian matchmaking" in contemporary times.

The Indian subcontinent is ubiquitous with some social factors such as caste, gender (discrimination), poverty. One particular factor that has taken up the imaginations of the Netflix-watching audience of late is the practice of arranged marriages. A series called Indian Matchmaking catapulted the notion of arranged marriages into the drawing rooms of both people who are highly aware of the notion (probably having been through it themselves), as well as people who have a very vague idea about it. Nevertheless, it has become a highly talked about television show across the Anglophone world. A little before its release, another English-language reality show, What the Love! with Karan Johar was released by Netflix. This explores the world of romantic connections with a few chosen people from India. While placing itself on the opposite side of the spectrum when compared to Indian Matchmaking, in many ways, it lends itself to similar tropes, albeit under a progressive garb. This paper delves into the portrayal of people from India or of Indian origin in the reality shows Indian Matchmaking and What the Love! with Karan Johar. I examine the two shows through the lens of postfeminism and how, while raising several social issues that plague Indian society, both citizens and the diaspora, they inadvertently propagate a certain self-policing and conservatism that people, particularly women, are expected to adhere to.