Angled Blade Research Articles

Experimental investigation of the thermal performance effects of turbulators with different fin angles in a circular pipe

In this study, we experimentally investigated the heat transmission and friction effects of finned turbulators with different angles in a circular pipe for single-phase flows. Experiments were conducted to see how turbulators affected the friction factor and Nusselt number. The Nusselt numbers of the finned turbulators with 30°, 20° and 10° angles rose by 121.66%, 109.05% and 81.30%, respectively, in comparison to the plain pipe, according to experiments using Reynolds numbers in the range of 10043-14386. . The overall heat transfer improvement of all turbulator types appears to be more than one. Due to the increase in blade angle, the highest Nu number was obtained from the experiment with a 30° angle fin turbulator, but the greatest heat transfer improvement was obtained as 1.476 in a 20° angle blade turbulator for Re = 10043 number. The thermal improvement factors of 20° and 30° angle fin turbulators were found to be 1.1 and 1.07 times more than, respectively, compared to the turbulator with a 10° angle . In addition, it has been shown that the 20° angle fin turbulator's thermal improvement factor is 1.03 times higher than the 30° angle turbulator's.

Bilateral Simultaneous Atypical Femoral Fracture: A Case Report

We report a rare case of bilateral subtrochanteric femoral fracture related to prolonged treatment with Alendronate.
 Introduction: Bisphosphonates are the most common drugs used for treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. Atypical femoral fractures (AFF) have been reported in patients who have been on long term treatment with bisphosphonates especially Alendronate. 
 Case Report: our case was a 68- year- old woman who sustained bilateral subtrochanteric femoral fracture after a simple falling down. She had a past medical history of osteoporosis and had been on treatment with alendronate for 5 years. Radiographs showed bilateral fractures in femur subtrochanteric area. We decided to use double plating technique and we used angled blade plate and locking plate (LCP). Alendronate was discontinued and Teriparatide was started.
 Discussion: Careful evaluation of hip or thigh pain in patients who are on prolonged courses of bisphosphonates is essential. Our method of fixation with double plating can be used in patients with poor bone quality.

Effect of blade packing structure and high-frequency ultrasound on micromixing efficiency enhancement in an RPB reactor

In this study, a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor equipped with angled blade packings and high-frequency ultrasonic transducers with a frequency of 1.7 MHz was used to enhance micromixing efficiency. In order to investigate the effect of packing structure, blade packings with angles of 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60° to the radial axis of the bed were made. The operational parameters were rotational speed, liquid flow rate and volumetric ratio. All the experiments were performed in the absence and presence of ultrasound. The results showed that the segregation index (Xs) decreases as the rotational speed and liquid flow rate increases, while it increases with an increase of volumetric ratio. Blade packing with an angle of 45° has had the greatest effect on enhancing the micromixing efficiency, and blade packings with an angle of 30° and 60° had the same efficiency and were in the next priority. According to the results, the use of angled blade packing had a much greater effect on enhancing the micromixing efficiency compared to the ultrasound.

Investigation of shear-induced platelet activation in ventricular assist device

Due to the scarcity of organ donations, ventricular assist devices are the most accessible treatment for patients with advanced heart failure. Since their development, these devices have helped thousands of patients and could have helped even more had it not been for some of the complications they still experience. Among the most common complications are thrombosis and hemolysis. The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the effect of the blade angle and the blade count on the hydraulic properties of a newly designed ventricular assist device, as well as the potential for shear-induced platelet activation. The study was conducted on several models with different blade angles and blade counts using a variety of rotational speeds. Analysis of the obtained results showed a significant improvement in the pressure rise and the hydraulic efficiency in models with higher blade angle and lower blade count. In contrast, the other models showed slight improvement or deterioration of the hydraulic performance. In terms of shear-induced platelet activation, although the performance of all models was within an acceptable range, models with a higher blade angle and lower blade count had the lowest average platelet activation state.

Optimization of Centrifugal Pump Impeller for Pumping Viscous Fluids Using Direct Design Optimization Technique

Pumping viscous fluids using centrifugal pumps in the subsea industry is very common. The pump performance degrades drastically when the viscosity of fluids increases, which ultimately gives rise to the installation and oil production cost. Their design optimization can lead to a significant improvement in their performance. Therefore, this study presented the effect of impeller geometry on pumping fluid viscosity through impeller design optimization. Here, pump operation is simulated numerically by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations at different flowrates. Experimental testing is also performed using the same oils, for numerical validation. Artificial neural-network-assisted multiobjective optimization was performed with two independent design parameters; wrap angle and splitter blade length of impeller, with head and input power as objective functions. Wrap angle and splitter blade length, both significantly affect pump performance while pumping viscous oils; as the oil viscosity increases, increasing splitter length and decreasing wrap angle improve the head significantly.

Malunion of the Tibia: A Systematic Review.

Background and Objectives: Tibial malunions are defined as tibial fractures that have healed in a clinically unacceptable position, resulting in deformity such as shortening, lengthening, abnormal rotation, or angulation. These deformities can have adverse effects on patients, such as pain and gait disturbance, as well as long term development of post-traumatic arthritis. This paper seeks to highlight some of the options for surgical management of malunions and detail the strategies and approaches used to manage these complicated cases. Materials and Methods: An exhaustive search was conducted on PubMed using the key search terms “Tibial” OR “Tibia” AND “Malunion” to be included in the title. Exclusions to the search included any article with patients aged < 18 years, any nonhuman subjects, and any article not published or translated into English. Results: A systematic review of the literature revealed 26 articles encompassing 242 patients who had undergone surgical correction for tibia malunion. A total of 19 patients suffered from complications. Methods of treatment included osteotomies, with plate and screws, external fixator, angled blade plate, intramedullary nails, Ilizarov fixator, Taylor Spatial Frame, Precise nail, and total knee arthroplasty. Restoring alignment and the articular surface led to overwhelmingly positive patient outcomes. Conclusions: Tibial malunions take many forms, and as such, there are many approaches to correcting deformities. The literature supports the following radiological parameters to diagnose tibial malunion: 5–10 degrees angulation, 1–2 cm shortening, 10–15 degrees internal rotation, and 10–20 degrees external rotation. Surgical plans should be customized to each individual patient, as there are many approaches to tibial malunion that have been shown to be successful in delivering excellent clinical outcomes.

Simulation of the Influence of Wing Angle Blades on the Performance of Counter-Rotating Axial Fan

We took the mining counter-rotating fan FBD No.8.0 as the research object, used orthogonal test and numerical simulation to study the influence of wing angle blade on fan performance, and simulated and analyzed its aerodynamic noise. The results show that the pressure distribution of the optimal blade angle blade fan on the pressure surface of the secondary blade is stronger than that of the prototype blade, and the maximum pressure at the blade height of 25%, 50%, and 75% is increased by 2.3%, 9.3%, and 8.1%, respectively, than original blade. Compared with the prototype blade; wing angle blades can effectively reduce the generation of shedding vortices at the trailing edge of the blade, and reduce the strength of shedding vortices, so that the entropy production of the optimal wing angle blade fan is 1.55% lower than that of the prototype fan. Compared with the prototype fan, the full pressure and efficiency of the angle blade fan under the rated flow have increased by 7.24% and 1.76%, and the average increase of 11.32% and 3.88%, respectively, under the full flow condition. Compared with the prototype fan, the maximum sound power of the wing blade fan in the first and second blade trailing edge regions is reduced by 0.17% and 1.62%, respectively.

GhAPC8 regulates leaf blade angle by modulating multiple hormones in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Leaf angle, including leaf petiole angle (LPA) and leaf blade angle (LBA), is an important trait affecting plant architecture. Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) genes play a vital role in plant growth and development, including regulation of leaf angle. Here, we identified and characterized the APC genes in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) with a focus on GhAPC8, a homolog of soybean GmILPA1 involved in regulation of LPA. We showed that independently silencing the At or Dt sub-genome homoeolog of GhAPC8 using virus-induced gene silencing reduced plant height and LBA, and that reduction of LBA could be caused by uneven growth of cortex parenchyma cells on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the junction between leaf blade and leaf petiole. The junction between leaf blade and leaf petiole of the GhAPC8-silenced plants had an elevated level of brassinosteroid (BR) and a decreased levels of auxin and gibberellin. Consistently, comparative transcriptome analysis found that silencing GhAPC8 activated genes of the BR biosynthesis and signaling pathways as well as genes related to ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified gene modules significantly associated with plant height and LBA, and candidate genes bridging GhAPC8, the pathways of BR biosynthesis and signaling and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. These results demonstrated a role of GhAPC8 in regulating LBA, likely achieved by modulating the accumulation and signaling of multiple phytohormones.

Use of the 95-degree angled blade plate with biological and mechanical augmentation to treat proximal femur non-unions: a case series

BackgroundIntertrochanteric and subtrochanteric non-union are rare but challenging complications. In the present study, we investigate the use of a 95° blade, in association with biological and mechanical augmentation, in the management of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric femoral non-unions.MethodsBetween October 2015 and February 2021, a retrospective cohort study was conducted at our institution to investigate the use of a 95° blade, in association with biological and mechanical augmentation, in the management of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric femoral non-unions, following the mechanical failure of the first device. All the patients underwent a clinical and radiographic follow-up at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months; at each follow-up, a plain radiograph of the femur was performed and patients were assessed using Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire.ResultsFrom October 2015 and February 2021, 40 proximal femur non-unions were managed at our Institution. Fifteen patients out of forty (37.5%) met the inclusion criteria. The main data of the study are summarized in Table 1; patients’ mean was 57 years old (range 19–83); 10 males and 5 females were included in the study. All the patients completely healed clinically and radiologically at an average of 6.1 months (range 4–13). All these patients returned to their pre-injury mobility status. During an average follow-up period of 25 months (range 8–60), the observed complications included wound dehiscence, which was treated with a superficial surgical debridement, a below-the-knee deep vein thrombosis, and a blade plate failure 3 months after the first revision surgery.ConclusionsThis study shows the treatment of inter-and sub-trochanteric non-unions with a 95° blade plate, medial strut allograft, and bone autograft obtained with RIA system, together with a varus malalignment correction, leads to a high percentage of bone healing, with a low incidence of complications and good clinical outcome.

A case of subtrochanteric femur fracture nonunion with failed implant in situ treated with exchange nailing using interlock nail and autologous bone grafting: a case report

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;Subtrochanteric femur fracture accounts for 25% of all hip fracture and may land up in non-union due to the inadequate reduction and fixation tech, local muscle pull over fragments, biomechanical stress in subtrochanteric region and soft tissue interposition etc., non-union are managed with various choices of implants like exchange nailing , angle blade plate , dynamic condylar screw, augmentation of previous hardware with plate and by providing biological environments at fracture site using bone graft. Strict adherence to principles of providing stability to fracture and providing environment for bony growth gives good clinical outcome. A 52 years old male with subtrochanteric femur fracture was operated with long PFN, later presented to us after 18 months with failure of the hardware and atrophic non-union manifesting as pain during walking and limping. Patient was operated with removal of implant and exchange nailing using femur interlock nail and autologous bone grafting from iliac crest graft. 1 year follow up showed complete bony union and abundant of callus formation. Patient is currently doing all the daily activities and have no complaints at present. At 1 year follow up there is complete union at non-union site and good clinical outcome is achieved. Exchange nailing with interlock nail and autologous bone grafting for treatment of atrophic non-union of subtrochanteric femur fractures gives good clinical outcome.&lt;/p&gt;

Use of an Angled Blade Plate for 31A3 Intertrochanteric Fractures.

A subgroup of pertrochanteric fractures-namely, the AO/OTA 31A3 fracture-continues to be a difficult problem to treat, even with cephalomedullary nails. We present the results for 26 patients with a 31A3 fracture treated with the angled blade plate. The records of 26 consecutive patients with a 31A3 fracture that was treated operatively with the angled blade plate device between 2007 and 2012 at our center were reviewed, and the patients were contacted for follow-up. The functional outcome (traumatic hip rating score) and radiographic outcome (the neck-shaft angle at the time of fixation and final follow-up) were obtained for 20 of the 26 patients at a minimum follow-up of 1 year. All 26 patients had primary surgery. At final review, 2 patients had died and 4 had been lost to follow-up. Of the 4 patients lost to follow-up, 2 had revision of the fixation with the angled blade plate. Of the 20 patients with follow-up, 1 had malreduction and implant failure but eventually had healing after revision of the fixation with the angled blade plate. The mean traumatic hip rating score at the time of follow-up was 50.0 with 4, 14, and 2 patients having excellent, good, and failed outcomes, respectively. The mean neck-shaft angle at the time of final union was 126.16°, which was an average of 4° less than that on the unaffected side. However, this did not correlate with functional outcome. There was no significant difference between the immediate postoperative and final neck-shaft angles. This study demonstrated that blade plate fixation for 31A3 fractures is associated with low rates of failure (15%), revision surgery (15%), and infection (15%), which are comparable with the results of nail fixation (range, 5% to 12%) and superior to those of sliding hip screw fixation. This large series demonstrates that the angled blade plate can be utilized for these complex fractures and should be part of the armamentarium for these injuries. Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Valgus Osteotomy Outcome for Treating Femoral Neck Nonunion in Young and Active Patients

Background: Femoral neck fracture nonunion is a frequent and challenging complication, with several surgical options. Objectives: The present study reported the outcome of valgus osteotomy for treating femoral neck nonunion in patients aged &lt;65 years. Methods: This case series research included young patients who underwent valgus osteotomy for treating femoral neck nonunion or device failure of the index surgery. The fixation of the osteotomy site was performed using either a dynamic hip screw or a fixed angle blade. The union of the neck and osteotomy site (subtrochanteric region) was evaluated by monitoring callus formation in the postoperative radiographs. Limb length discrepancy, Pauwels’ angle, and the neck-shaft angle were evaluated before the surgery and at the last follow-up. Postoperative complications were extracted from the explored patients’ profiles. Results: Twenty patients with a Mean±SD age of 27.2±10.8 years were examined in this study‎. The Mean±SD follow-up time of the patients was 6.1±3.9 years. The femoral neck was united in 18 patients in a Mean±SD period of 5.1±2.3 months. The Mean±SD limb length discrepancy was measured as 1.3±0.8 cm before and 0.5±0.7 cm after the ‏osteotomy. The Mean±SD Pauwels’ angle was calculated as 65.5±16.9º before and 32.4±16.2º after the osteotomy. The Mean±SD neck-shaft angle was computed to be 121.9±22.8º before and 144.5±17.7º after the osteotomy. Revision surgery was performed for 6 (30%) patients. This measure included device removal in 4 and total hip arthroplasty in 2 patient. Conclusion: Valgus osteotomy is a safe and efficient technique for managing femoral neck nonunion. Therefore‎, this approach is suggested as a good alternative for total hip arthroplasty, particularly in young and active patients‎.

PENGARUH JUMLAH DAN SUDUT PEMASANGAN SUDU TERHADAP DAYA TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The problem in Energy conservation is finding new opportunities for high-efficiency energy generation including wind power generating machines. This study aims to determine the effect of the number and curv angle of blade mounting on the output power of a Savonius type wind turbine. This low speed wind turbine is intended to get energy at the top of a multi-storey building in an urban area. Tests were carried out on a laboratory scale, using savonius wind turbines with a diameter of 400 mm and a height of 500 mm. The driving wind speed of the turbine is set between 1.5 to 8.5 m / s. While the number of blades used is 2 types, namely rotor with three blades and rotor with 4 blades, each of which is tested on 3 different types of curv angle blade. The investigation results are expected to show that the wind tubing from each experiment will give different characteristics. The results showed that there was an increase in efficiency in the savonius turbine with blades. The highest rotation and power occur when the turbine uses 2 blades and -50 curv angle of blade mounting&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

8-Year-Old Child with Cerebral Palsy Treated with Pelvic Osteotomies Using 3.5 MM Blade Plate Having Subsequent Bilateral Implant Aseptic Loosening: A Case Report

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a central problem of the brain due to neurological insult that affects muscle posture, tone, and movement, resulting in poor motor control and dysfunctional muscle balance affecting hip joints in the growing child. Surgical treatment of hip and, if present, acetabular dysplasia addresses the femoral neck-shaft angle, appropriate muscle lengthening, and deficiency of acetabular coverage, as necessary. The surgeons perform proximal femoral osteotomies (PFOs) mostly with fixed angled blade plates (ABP) with proven success. The technique using an ABP is common and requires detailed attention to perform and to teach.&#x0D; The Case: In this case, an eight-year-old ambulatory patient with CP underwent bilateral proximal varus femoral derotational and pelvic osteotomies for the neuromuscular hip condition with a 3.5 mm Locking Cannulated Blade System (OP-LCP) by OrthoPediatrics Corp instead of the use of the conventional 4.5 mm ABP procedure, resulting in aseptic loosening.&#x0D; Conclusion: Due to the child’s underdeveloped posture, the surgeon utilized the 3.5 mm instrumentation for a child-size implant, which worked sufficiently for the surgery but may not have loosened if a similar child-size blade plate system of 4.5 mm screws was implanted. While the ABP and OP-LCP systems are fruitful and safe for internal corrections of PFOs, the OP-LCP system may aid the residents in learning the procedure with higher confidence, fewer technical inaccuracies, and refined outcomes. Both systems are safer and viable for the treatment of neuromuscular hip conditions.

Haemodynamic responses following orotracheal intubation in patients with hypertension---Macintosh direct laryngoscope versus Glidescope®videolaryngoscope.

Background and Aims:Glidescope®videolaryngoscope (GVL) is a video intubation system with 60° angle blade that provides excellent laryngeal view, does not require alignment of oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal axes for visualisation of glottis, thus causing less stimulation of orolaryngopharynx. The aim of this study was to compare haemodynamic responses (blood pressure and heart rate) and airway morbidity using the Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDL) and the Glidescope®videolaryngoscope (GVL) in hypertensive patients.Methods:Fifty patients with hypertension controlled on antihypertensive medications scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to group GVL (n = 25) or group MDL (n = 25). Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) were recorded at baseline, after induction, pre-intubation, at intubation, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min after intubation. Time to intubation, number of attempts, complications during intubation, and postoperative airway complications (sore throat, hoarseness, dysphagia, and cough) were also recorded.Results:There was a statistically significant increase in SBP, DBP, and MBP at intubation [(P = 0.003, 0.013, 0.03), 1 min (P = 0.001, 0.012, 0.02), 2 min (P = 0.04, 0.02, 0.04), and 3 min (P = 0.02, 0.01)] in the MDL group as compared to GVL group. The time to intubate was significantly greater in the GVL group as compared to MDL group (P = 0.0006). There was no significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative airway complications.Conclusion:In the hands of an experienced anaesthesiologist, the use of GVL in controlled hypertensive patients is associated with less haemodynamic response as compared to Macintosh Laryngoscope without any increase in airway complications.

Effect of different shapes of recipient site creation micro-blades at varying angles and wound injury.

Wound injury is a critical issue in hair restoration. The shape and size of blades cause varying degree of tissue trauma. To check (mathematically) the tissue trauma (injury) caused by different shapes of the blades at varying angles. The trigonometric theories were applied to each shape and angles to calculate the surface area (correlating with the tissue injury). These shapes included rectangular blade, 30°-angled blades, 60°-angled blade, 30°-sapphire blade, and 60°-sapphire blade. The surface areas were calculated at 90°, 45°, 30°, and 15° insertion angles. The 30°-sapphire blade caused the least injury followed by 30°-angled blade. The rectangular blade had the largest surface area and hence will produce the maximum amount of tissue injury. The blade at 90° produced maximum injury whereas the blade entering at 15°, produced lowest amount of tissue injury. The blade in sagittal direction caused less injury as compared to the blade in coronal direction. The 30°-sapphire blade caused the least tissue injury whereas the rectangular blade caused maximum injury. The amount of tissue injury decreases as the angle of insertion decreases and vice versa.

Scleral tunnel with conjunctival autograft for rescue management of extruded haptic: Surgical technique and review of literature.

Extrusion of haptic is a rare complication after intra-scleral haptic fixation of intraocular lens (SF-IOL). Various techniques described for its management such as autologous scleral patch, cauterization of exposed haptic, reattempting the glued IOL and IOL explant have their own limitations. Presently, we describe a simple rescue technique for management of such situations. In this method, after performing localized conjunctival peritomy, 2 mm long partial-thickness scleral tunnel is fashioned with an angled 20-guage microvitreoretinal blade 1.5 mm away from the limbus in line with pre-existing defective scleral flap underneath which the exposed haptic is tucked securely. Following this, conjunctival autograft (CAG) with fibrin glue application is undertaken to combat conjunctival fibrosis. In three patients, where this technique was performed, had well-tucked haptic and maintained visual acuity with no complications at 3-months follow-up. This technique is a useful method of tucking extruded haptic after SFIOL in eyes subjected to multiple previous surgeries.

Evaluation of a tube equipped with different inserts: competition between improvements in heat transfer versus increase in pressure drop

This study evaluated the efficacy of different inserts incorporation into the simple tube on the rate of improvement in heat transfer as well as the intensification in the pressure drop. The results were presented in four sections. In the first and second sections, the effects of adding wire coil and twisted tape were examined. The third section investigated the effects of disk, trapezoidal, and rhombic turbulators. In the last section, the results of the three techniques were compared. At Reynolds number within the range of 5000–25,000 (turbulent flow), the Nusselt number improved by 150% to 200% as well as the friction factor intensified by 200% to 300%, owing to the incorporation of wire coil into the simple tube. For twisted tape, it was found that by adding the angled blade to the twisted tape, the Nusselt number enhanced up to 11%. For three turbulators, owing to the installation disk turbulator, the average Nusselt number has improved by 190%. For rhombus and trapezoidal turbulators, the rate of improvement in heat transfer was reported to be 90% and 30%, respectively. Comparison between the three types of inserts revealed that the disk turbulator performs better than the wire coil and twisted tape.

Investigation on the effect of forward skew angle blade on the hump characteristic in a mixed flow pump using modified partially averaged Navier-Stokes model

A mixed flow pump is regarded as an important power facility in the hydropower field for renewable energy. Pump impeller design shows a great attempt to alleviate the hump characteristic and suppress the severe pressure fluctuations as the mixed flow pumps operate under part-load conditions. In this respect, an advanced turbulence model, i.e., modified SST k-ω partially averaged Navier-Stokes (MSST PANS) model, was adopted to numerically investigate the effect of forward skew angle blade on the hump characteristic using different impeller blades. Both experimental and numerical results indicate that the pump with forward skew angle blade shifts the hump region to the deeper part-load region. In the pump impeller with the forward skew angle blades, a synchronous stall cell is observed near the blade leading edge and near the hub side, while typical rotating stall cell evolution is observed in the conventional pump impeller. Analysis on the blade loading also indicates that under the unstable condition, the forward skew angle blade could switch the mid-loaded distribution to the fore-loaded distribution. Finally, the low frequency pressure fluctuations induced by the rotating stall cell evolution could be also eliminated successfully as the forward skew angle impeller blades are adopted.

PENGARUH JUMLAH DAN SUDUT PEMASANGAN SUDU TERHADAP DAYA TURBIN SAVONIUS

The problem in Energy conservation is finding new opportunities for high-efficiency energy generation including wind power generating machines. Aims of this study to determine the effects of blade number and curv angle of blade mounting on the output power of a Savonius type wind turbine. This low speed wind turbine is intended to get energy at the top of a multi-storey building in an urban area. Tests were carried out on a laboratory scale, using savonius wind turbines with 400 mm diameter and 500 mm height. The driving wind speed of the turbine is set between 1.5 to 8.5 m / s. While the number of blades used is 2 types, namely rotor with three blades and rotor with 4 blades, each of which is tested on 3 different types of curv angle blade.&#x0D; The investigation results are expected to show that the wind tubing from each experiment will give different characteristics. This investigation results that there was increasing in efficiency in the savonius turbine with blades. The highest rotation and power occur when the turbine uses 2 blades and -50 curv angle of blade mounting