Anger Type Research Articles

스토킹 범죄 유형분석을 통한 대응방안 연구

Since the implementation of the Stalking Punishment Act on October 21, 2021, reports and penalties for stalking crimes have been strengthened. This study attempted to analyze the characteristics of stalking crime types through empirical studies based on previous studies related to stalking at home and abroad. Based on the implementation of the Stalking Punishment Act on October 31, 2021, data related to stalking types were investigated, focusing on stalking case precedents, and whether there was a difference from the previous study. According to Kang So-young (2022)'s crime motivation type, it is classified into “relational demand type”, “problem-solving type”, and “anger type”, and based on this, it is intended to analyze the characteristics of stalking behavior and subjects..

A meta-analysis of the association between anger and aggressive driving

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between anger (trait and driving anger) and aggressive driving. In order to test these relationships, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on anger and aggressive driving. We identified 51 eligible studies that we included in this meta-analysis. Based on previous literature, we hypothesised that: (1) there is a positive relationship between anger and aggressive driving; (2) the relationship between anger and aggressive driving behaviour differs based on whether anger is trait-based or traffic context-specific; (3) this relationship also varies depending on the type of aggressive driving; and (4) the relationship between specific anger type and aggressive driving vary according to gender, age, region where the studies were conducted and driving experience. The quantitative analysis was conducted using meta-analytic techniques. Results confirmed the fact that there is a positive relationship between anger and aggressive driving behaviour, the relationship being stronger for trait anger. Moreover, the relationship between anger and aggressive driving depends on different forms of aggressive driving, gender, age, driving experience, and the region where studies were conducted. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Start from Scratch: the Prospect of Nuclear Cardiology

The future is always hard to forecast but the prospect of nuclear cardiology has never been more unobtainable than these days. Myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (MPS) has been one of the major nuclear medicine studies for decades, but the annual number of MPS is stagnant or steadily decreasing in Korea and other countries [1]. The challenge from coronary computed tomography (CCT) and the concern of radiation exposure of MPS [2] were the main reasons for the stalemate of nuclear cardiology. Compared to the rapid technological progress of CCT, enabling greater image resolution in conjunction with lower radiation exposure to the patients, development of new radiopharmaceuticals or scintillation imaging techniques has been at a relatively slow pace. Positron emission tomography (PET) has many advantages over MPS in terms of image resolution and radiation exposure. N-13 ammonia, O-15 H2O, and Rb-82 are the PET perfusion agents, which are widely used all over the world. However, the capacity of cyclotrons for N-13 ammonia and O-15 H2O usually limits the number of PET perfusion studies, and the generator for Rb-82 is not imported to Korea yet. F-18 labeled myocardial perfusion agent is under clinical trial in the U.S. [3] but even after the approval for clinical application, the cost of F-18 agent may not be readily affordable for the time being. When it comes to the development of imaging techniques, semi-conductor detector is worthy of mention [4]. The CdZnTe (CZT) detector-based cardiac gamma cameras from two manufacturers are already on the market, and two national institutes installed each model from the two vendors. The capabilities of the CZT gamma cameras are reported to exceed those of conventional Anger type gamma cameras: >2 times the spatial resolution, >1.5 times the energy resolution, and 5∼10 times the sensitivity, which will make it possible to reduce the patient dose or the imaging acquisition time [4]. However, it remains to be seen whether the diagnostic efficacy for coronary artery disease is improved using those CZT gamma cameras compared to the traditional gamma cameras because the unique L-type gantry structure of CZT gamma camera may lead to spatial inhomogeneity regarding the signal detection efficiency [5]. The challenges often lead to the innovation, and the innovation usually starts from scratch. Nuclear medicine features the functional imaging that is complementary to the anatomical imaging. For example, the coronary stenosis detected by CCT is not always the stigma of symptomatic coronary artery disease. Functional significance can still be effectively assessed using the MPS. The presence of atheromatic plaque confirmed by high resolution imaging studies needs to be further characterized regarding the vulnerability. F-18 sodium fluoride holds promise for the identification of such a vulnerable plaque [6]. Quantitative imaging is also an unparalleled strength of nuclear imaging. PET is an inherently robust quantitative imaging, thanks to the coincidence detection principle. Furthermore, SPECT, in the prototype of SPECT/CTwith CTbased attenuation correction, scatter correction, and resolution recovery, is now proven as a promising quantitative imaging tool [7]. Therefore, the future of nuclear cardiology is really dependent on the application of the genuine nuclear medicine principle to patient’s management. The review for current update of nuclear cardiology will ensue in the next issue of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. * Won Woo Lee wwlee@snu.ac.kr

Dual radioisotopes simultaneous SPECT of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin and (123)I-BMIPP using a semiconductor detector.

The energy resolution of a cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) solid-state semiconductor detector is about 5%, and is superior to the resolution of the conventional Anger type detector which is 10%. Also, the window width of the high-energy part and of the low-energy part of a photo peak window can be changed separately. In this study, we used a semiconductor detector and examined the effects of changing energy window widths for (99m)Tc and (123)I simultaneous SPECT. The energy "centerline" for (99m)Tc was set at 140.5 keV and that for (123)I at 159.0 keV. For (99m)Tc, the "low-energy-window width" was set to values that varied from 3% to 10% of 140.5 keV and the "high-energy-window width" were independently set to values that varied from 3% to 6% of 140.5 keV. For (123)I, the "low energy-window-width" varied from 3% to 6% of 159.0 keV and the high-energy-window width from 3% to 10% of 159 keV. In this study we imaged the cardiac phantom, using single or dual radionuclide, changing energy window width, and comparing SPECT counts as well as crosstalk ratio. The contamination to the (123)I window from (99m)Tc (the crosstalk) was only 1% or less with cutoffs of 4% at lower part and 6% at upper part of 159KeV. On the other hand, the crosstalk from (123)I photons into the (99m)Tc window mostly exceeded 20%. Therefore, in order to suppress the rate of contamination to 20% or less, (99m)Tc window cutoffs were set at 3% in upper part and 7% at lower part of 140.5 KeV. The semiconductor detector improves separation accuracy of the acquisition inherently at dual radionuclide imaging. In, this phantom study we simulated dual radionuclide simultaneous SPECT by (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin and (123)I-BMIPP. We suggest that dual radionuclide simultaneous SPECT of (99)mTc and (123)I using a CZT semiconductor detector is possible employing the recommended windows.

Trait anger, cynical hostility and inflammation in latinas: Variations by anger type?

Anger and hostility are psychological factors that appear to play a salient role in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, their association with risk within the Latino population remains relatively unexplored. The current study examined associations between overall trait anger, anger subdimensions (i.e., anger temperament and anger reaction) and cynical hostility with sICAM-1, a marker of cellular adhesion and systemic inflammation related to CVD risk, in a sample of 294 middleaged Mexican–American women. Results showed no association between trait anger or anger temperament and sICAM-1. Anger reaction was marginally associated with sICAM-1 (β=4.77, p=.06). Cynical hostility was significantly associated with sICAM-1 (β=5.89, p=.04) even after controlling for demographic, biological and behavioral covariates. The current study provides evidence that specific aspects of anger and hostility relate to physiological pathways that potentially influence CVD risk. Findings are discussed in light of contextual cultural factors.

Power, Anger, and Sadistic Rapists

The extant research on rapists repeatedly indicates that particular offender types can be specified. These include the power, anger, and sadistic assailants. Despite such classifications, limited empirical or anecdotal efforts have undertaken the task of exploring the personality features of each rapist type. This article endeavors to fill this gap in the literature. Using the heuristic analytical lens and the case study method, the high-profile crimes of Gilbert Escobedo (power type), Paul Bernardo (anger type), and Jeffrey Dahmer (sadistic type) are reviewed. As the article discloses, unique personality features were exhibited. Moreover, each rapist type displayed a number of convergent as well as divergent character traits. Given these findings, the article concludes with a series of summary observations relevant for future research on rape and personality as well as prospects for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Evaluating performance of a pixel array semiconductor SPECT system for small animal imaging

Small animal imaging has recently been focused on basic nuclear medicine. We have designed and built a small animal SPECT imaging system using a semiconductor camera and a newly designed collimator. We assess the performance of this system for small object imaging. We employed an MGC 1500 (Acrorad Co.) camera including a CdTe semiconductor. The pixel size was 1.4 mm/pixel. We designed and produced a parallel-hole collimator with 20-mm hole length. Our SPECT system consisted of a semiconductor camera with the subject holder set on an electric rotating stage controlled by a computer. We compared this system with a conventional small animal SPECT system comprising a SPECT-2000H scanner with four Anger type cameras and pinhole collimators. The count rate linearity for estimation of the scatter was evaluated for a pie-chart phantom containing different concentrations of 99mTc. We measured the FWHM of the 99mTc SPECT line source along with scatter. The system volume sensitivity was examined using a flood source phantom which was 35 mm long with a 32-mm inside diameter. Additionally, an in vivo myocardial perfusion SPECT study was performed with a rat. With regards to energy resolution, the semiconductor camera (5.6%) was superior to the conventional Anger type camera (9.8%). In the count rate linearity evaluation, the regression lines of the SPECT values were y = 0.019x + 0.031 (r2 = 0.999) for our system and y = 0.018x + 0.060 (r2 = 0.997) for the conventional system. Thus, the scatter count using the semiconductor camera was less than that using the conventional camera. FWHMs of our system and the conventional system were 2.9 +/- 0.1 and 2.0 +/- 0.1 mm, respectively. Moreover, the system volume sensitivity of our system [0.51 kcps/(MBq/ ml)/cm] was superior to that of the conventional system [0.44 kcps/(MBq/ml)/cm]. Our system provided clear images of the rat myocardium, sufficient for practical use in small animal imaging. Our SPECT system, utilizing a semiconductor camera, permits high quantitative analysis by virtue of its low scatter radiation and high sensitivity. Therefore, this system may contribute to molecular imaging of small animals and basic medical research.

CBF imaging and global CBF quantification in normal rats using dedicated pinhole SPECT system

This work is intended to evaluate [99mTc]-radiolabeled pharmaceuticals for brain perfusion measurements in rats using pinhole SPECT. Our experiments aim to obtain quantitative data in normal animals. A dedicated Anger type rotating gamma camera (field of view 170 mm 170 mm, 25 photomultiplicators) was used with 1.5 mm hole diameter's pinhole collimator (Gaede Medizinsysteme Gmbh, Freiburg, Germany). 15 to 20 mCi of [99mTc]-hexamethyl propylamine oxime (Amersham Health, Little Chalfont, UK), was administered to 10 Wistar adult rats under general gaseous anesthesia (isoflurane 2%), through intravenous femoral catheter. During tracer administration, 120 planar images of 0.5 s were recorded. Ten minutes after, 48 projections of 1 min were acquired over a 180 dorsal arc. A specific cone beam algebraic reconstruction algorithm, taking into account distorsion of projection through pinhole, was employed leading to reconstructed voxel's sizes of 0.34 mm3. Micro-CT (eXplore LOCUS, General Electric Medical Systems, London, Canada) images of the same animal were fused with SPECT data for anatomical registration. Using the Patlak formalism, modified by Matsuda, we calculate global CBF values for each cerebral hemisphere. Images' contrast reflects normal tracer's uptake in the different cerebral territories. Signal to noise ratios in human and rat brain perfusion's images are comparable. Calculation leads to a gCBF of 110.1 ml/100g/min 11.4 value in the range of reference data. This technique could be used to assess CBF in pathological conditions in rats.

Design of a depth of interaction (DOI) PET detector module

A method to determine depth of interaction (DOI) from a PET detector module is described and evaluated. The basic element of the DOI detector module is a two crystal detector unit. The hypothesis is that by controlling how light is shared between two crystals (A and B) DOI information can be extracted from the ratio of light collected using simple Anger type logic [A/(A+B)]. The interface between crystals is designed so that a significant amount of light is shared when a photon interacts near the front face of a crystal and very little light is shared when an interaction occurs near the back of a crystal. The effects of surface treatment (e.g., polished, roughened) and optical coupling compounds are investigated. BGO, GSO and LSO detector units have been evaluated. A DOI uncertainty of /spl sim/6 mm was attained for the front section (/spl sim/4 mm) of a 2/spl times/2/spl times/20 mm LSO detector unit. A method to decode a 64 crystal detector module (32 detector units) using a 16 channel multi-anode photomultiplier tube is described.

Infinite-variable Bessel functions of the Anger type and the Fourier expansions

We present an infinite-dimensional analogue of the ordinary Anger function showing the relevant properties and connections with the Fourier series of proper smooth functions. The corresponding generalized Weber function is also introduced and the link with the generalized Anger function is described. Finally, the approximation aspects and results of interest for applications are discussed.

Anger regulation deficits in combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder

AbstractWe describe a typology of regulatory deficits associated with anger in combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive, arousal, and behavioral domain deficits in anger regulation were observed clinically in PTSD patients with high levels of anger who were participating in a multi‐year trial of a structured anger treatment. We also describe a category of patients whose anger type we have termed “ball of rage.” These patients exhibit regulatory deficits in all three domains of anger regulation. We offer a conceptual framework to advance the understanding of anger associated with PTSD and to guide its effective treatment.

CdTe and CdZnTe Room-Temperature X-Ray and Gamma Ray Detectors and Imaging Systems

AbstractCdTe and CdZnTe X-ray and gamma ray detectors in the form of single elements or as monolithic segmented arrays have been shown to be useful in imaging systems utilized in medical, research or industrial applications. These detectors possess inherently better energy resolution than scintillators coupled to either photodiodes or photomultipliers, and they may lead to compact imaging systems or to imaging systems of enhanced spatial resolution and better contrast resolution. Photopeak efficiencies of these detectors is greatly affected by relatively low hole mobility-lifetime product and therefore continuing efforts are still underway to improve the characteristics of both CdTe and CdZnTe materials in order to achieve reproducible detectors with higher photopeak efficiencies for either low or high energy gamma rays.The following paper is divided into three parts: The first part compares the characteristics of planar CdTe and CdZnTe single elements nuclear detectors containing metal contacts. Characteristics include: Charge collection efficiencies for both electrons and holes indicated by the mobility-lifetime product, energy resolutions, leakage currents and robustness in field use. The second part describes excellent spectroscopic results using a lcm thick CdZnTe monolithic segmented pad detector array. This part also compares spectra for various gamma energies obtained by this segmented detector to that of a 1 cm 3 detector acting as a single element planar detector. The third part discusses the characteristics of a new generation nuclear gamma camera for medical diagnostics based on room-temperature CdTe and CdZnTe spectrometers and its advantages over an Anger type scintillating nuclear camera.

Generalized Bessel Functions of the Anger Type and Applications to Physical Problems

In this paper we introduce generalized Bessel functions of the Anger type (GAF) and discuss their properties and applications in the field of synchrotron radiation. We also present a numerical analysis and give results for some cases of specific interest. We finally study the properties of generalized Weber functions and their link to multivariable GAFs.

Book review

This report will be of interest to all nuclear medicine and physics staff who use gamma cameras and associated computer systems. It has been written by a group of experts in the field of nuclear medicine quality control, namely the Radionuclide Topic Group of the Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, and replaces the Hospital Physicists Association's earlier report (TGR27) on the theory, specification and testing of Anger type gamma cameras, published in 1978.

Operational Performance and Quality Control of Anger Type Gamma Cameras Including SPECT

The goal of all nuclear medicine departments is to maintain a high level of diagnostic accuracy in producing and interpreting nuclear medicine studies. This goal can be achieved in part by ensuring the standardisation of the techniques employed, and by optimising and maintaining the performance of the devices being used. Acceptance or reference testing and routine monitoring, evaluation and maintenance, and quality control are necessary to achieve the advantages of SPECT imaging. To this end recommendations for users have been published by Radiological Health Authorities in different countries and by the World Health Organisation and the International Atomic Energy Agency for planar imaging reference testing and quality control. For SPECT systems several papers have been published but no formal recommendations have been proposed. In addition, the International Electrotechnical Commission and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association have published standards for manufacturers and the AAPM has published a comprehensive acceptance testing report. The American College of Nuclear Physicians is now attempting to standardise the measurement of performance of rotational SPECT systems in the field. They will propose Operational Guides for users and recommendations for quality control.

Operational Performance and Quality Control of Anger Type Gamma Cameras Including SPECT

Operational Performance and Quality Control of Anger Type Gamma Cameras Including SPECT

A two-dimensional scintillation detector for small angle neutron scattering

A two-dimensional position-sensitive 6Li glass scintillation detector for neutrons has been constructed and put into operation in a 40 m long small angle neutron scattering instrument. The detector has a detection area of 60 × 60 cm, a neutron capture probability of 96% for subthermal neutrons of 8 Å wavelength, a spatial resolution of 8 mm adapted to the scattering experiments, and a counting ability of 100 kHz. The Anger type camera consists of 8 × 8 photomultipliers of 3 in. diameter arranged in a square lattice with 8.4 cm lattice constant. In a coarse fine procedure a neutron capture event is addressed by determining the photomultiplier with maximum anode signal and by a division procedure involving the nine relevant signals of the 3 × 3 photomultiplier matrix centered at the maximum photomultiplier signal. The gain of each photomultiplier is kept constant in time by a gain stabilizing system. Construction, data processing and properties of the detector are described. A few small angle scattering patterns from polymer samples are presented.

Gas Scintillators for Imaging of Low Energy Isotopes

We have constructed a large area (25 cm diameter), pressurized (4 atmosphere) xenon-helium gas scintillator for imaging shortlived isotopes in the 60 - 80 keV range. The scintillator is viewed by an array of quartz windowed PMT's arranged in a simple Anger type readout. The energy and time resolution have been measured for various mixtures of xenon-helium. For Xe-133 (81 keV), an energy resolution of 6% FWHM has been obtained. The light output of the detector is a Gaussian shaped pulse with a width of 2 μs at the base. Spatial resolution has been measured at 3 - 4 mm FWHM. The physical limitations of the detector as well as design changes which will improve energy and spatial resolution are discussed. These improvements should permit the development of imaging detectors with simultaneous high rate and high energy resolution for applications such as first-pass studies with shortlived isotopes or imaging of low energy isotopes where contrast is reduced by scatter.

The Novacco Anger Scale and Jenkins Activity Survey as predictors of cardiovascular reactivity

This study investigated the relationship among anger, the Type A construct, and cardiovascular reactivity. The Novacco Anger Scale and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) were used to measure anger proneness and Type A characteristics, respectively. Twenty-four college males were selected from the upper and lower quintiles of the JAS distribution. During the study, the subjects were exposed to varying levels of experimentally induced challenge, while measurements were taken of heart-rate and blood-pressure changes. The results showed a modest but significant correlation between scores on the Novacco Anger Scale and the JAS. More importantly, scores on the Novacco Anger Scale correlated significantly with heart rate and systolic blood pressure under all challenge conditions, while those on the JAS were unrelated to cardiovascular excitability. These results raise questions about the usefulness of the JAS as a predictor of CHD risk. They are also consistent with the beliefs of other investigators that anger and hostility are the most important Type A behaviors in predisposing patients to coronary heart disease. Additional implications of the study are discussed.

Type a behavior, irritability, and cardiovascular response

Previous research suggests that high levels of hostility may augment the cardiovascular reactivity and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with Type A behavior. In contrast, other research indicates that the tendency to deny or suppress anger is associated with enhanced cardiovascular reactivity and risk of CHD. To delineate further the combined role of anger processes and Type A behavior in CHD risk, this study examined the interactive effects of Type A behavior and self-reported irritability on cardiovascular response to a challenging mental task. Type A and Type B college students were further classified as either high or low in self-reported irritability. Type A subjects who were low in self-reported irritability evidenced greater cardiovascular reactivity (i.e., systolic blood pressure and pulse rate) than did Type B subjects low in irritability. However, Type A subjects who were high in irritability tended to demonstrate less cardiovascular response than Type B subjects high in irritability. Further, Type A's low in self-reported irritability evidenced greater cardiovascular response than high-irritability Type A's. It is suggested that reduced reporting of irritability by Type A's may reflect suppression or denial, and further that this reduced reporting is associated with enhanced cardiovascular responsivity.