Situational Anger Research Articles

EXPRESS: Who Shares Fake News? Uncovering Insights from Social Media Users' Post Histories

We propose that social-media users’ own post histories are an underused yet valuable resource for studying fake-news sharing. By extracting textual cues from their prior posts, and contrasting their prevalence against random social-media users and others (e.g., those with similar socio-demographics, political news-sharers, and fact-check sharers), researchers can identify cues that distinguish fake-news sharers, predict those most likely to share fake news, and identify promising constructs to build interventions. Our research includes studies along these lines. In Study 1, we explore the distinctive language patterns of fake-news sharers, highlighting elements such as their higher use of anger and power-related words. In Study 2, we show that adding textual cues into predictive models enhances their accuracy in predicting fake-news sharers. In Study 3, we explore the contrasting role of trait and situational anger, and show trait anger is associated with a greater propensity to share both true and fake news. In Study 4, we introduce a way to authenticate Twitter accounts in surveys, before using it to explore how crafting an ad copy that resonates with users’ sense of power encourages the adoption of fact-checking tools. We hope to encourage the use of novel research methods for marketers and misinformation researchers.

An investigation of the neural basis of anger attributions in irritable youth.

Neurocognitive models of pediatric irritability suggest a prominent role of anger; however, few studies have investigated anger-related biases and their neural correlates. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the amygdala was examined in relation to anger attribution bias (AAB) in a sample of young children (5-9 years old; N = 60; 55% White, 26.7% Hispanic) with clinically significant irritability characterized by impairing emotional outbursts (IEOs). Children completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan as well as the assessment of children's emotional skills (ACES), which yields three measures of AAB in the context of social situations, social behaviors, and facial expressions. ACES scores were entered into a general linear model to examine associations with rsFC of the bilateral amygdalae. Children with IEOs exhibited significant biases in attributing anger to others across all three ACES domains. Greater biases toward attributing anger in social situations were associated with reduced rsFC of the bilateral amygdalae with the fusiform/lingual gyri and lateral occipital cortex. Alternatively, greater biases toward attributing anger to facial expressions positively predicted right amygdala-precuneus rsFC. Greater bias toward attributing anger to others based on their behaviors was associated with heightened rsFC of the right amygdala with the left middle frontal gyrus. Findings extend previous work implicating functional connections among regions of default mode and frontoparietal networks in pediatric irritability. Longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate the putative role of AAB in the etiology and long-term outcomes of pediatric irritability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Bad People Alert: The Expression of Disgust Signals Its Target’s Bad Moral Character

Expressions of moral disgust and anger in social situations signal the target’s moral failure to third-party observers. But little is known about whether the two emotions have different communication functions in sociomoral contexts. Based on the literature about social factors that actually distinguish between anger and disgust, two experiments investigated the inferences people make about the social target of an angry or disgusted expression. Primarily, we tested whether disgusted expressions aimed at a person convey the inference that the person has a bad moral character, more than angry expressions which communicate that the person did a thing with bad consequences. Together, these two experiments shed light on the functional differences between angry and disgusted expressions, as much as they co-occur in everyday life.

Kondisi Emosi Pada Tokoh Lengkara Dalam Novel 00.00 Karya Anugerah Ameylia Falensia

The research aims to find out what the emotional state of teenagers in novels is by using the theory of literary psychology according to David krech's book of emotional classification. It identifies the underlying emotions, the emotions associated with sensory stimulation, emotions related to self-assessment and emotions connected with others. This research method employs qualitative methods using descriptions, dialogues and characters that relate to the emotional reactions of characters. The results of analysis show that the novel's emotional main character has such basic emotions as happiness, anger, fear and sadness in various situations. This study provides insight into how the emotional condition of the novel can be perceived by the theory of David krech. This study may be a reference to further research on emotional states in literature.

Strategies of coping with anger as a state and a trait among female students

Introduction. University students often encounter many difficult situations that may provoke their anger and thus make them less capable of controlling themselves and their behaviours. This will possibly hinder their growth and psychological and academic development, leading to more personal conflict and discomfort, emotional and physical abuse, increased crime, feelings of insecurity, a lack of concentration, and less social interaction.Aim. This study aims to examine coping strategies with anger as a state and trait in light of “Social status” and “Achievement level” variables.Methodology and research methods. A quantitative method was employed to analyse the data. The sample for the study consisted of 256 female students from Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), randomly chosen. Two scales were used to collect data: 1) the anger scale as a state and as a trait, including 30 items (15 items measure anger as an emotional state that varies in its intensity, and 15 items measure anger as an emotional trait); 2) the anger coping strategies scale, containing 34 items divided into six domains to identify the different ways of individuals’ positive or negative responses to the irritating situations of anger (direct expressions of anger, emphasis, search for social support, dissipation of anger, avoidance, and tapering).Results. The results revealed statistically significant differences due to social status and achievement level, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the coping strategies for anger due to social status. They also showed that seeking social support is the prevailing coping strategy.Scientific novelty. The study is one of the few in the Arab World that looked at the relationship between anger as a state or trait and coping strategies in a sample of female students based on their social status and level of achievement. It helps enrich the theoretical literature on anger and researchers’ and students’ knowledge by clarifying the relationship of the discussed variables with each other.Practical significance. The practical significance of the study can be observed in two aspects. First, the research findings can draw the attention of educational officials by highlighting the relationships between anger as a state and anger as a trait, as well as the coping strategies employed by female students. This knowledge can lead to developing programmes to reduce anger among female students. Second, the study can contribute to developing coping methods that positively impact the social and academic adaptation of female students.

Adolescents' neural reactivity to parental criticism is associated with diminished happiness during daily interpersonal situations.

The goal of this study was to examine the relation between real-world socio-emotional measures and neural activation to parental criticism, a salient form of social threat for adolescents. This work could help us understand why heightened neural reactivity to social threat consistently emerges as a risk factor for internalizing psychopathology in youth. We predicted that youth with higher reactivity to parental criticism (vs neutral comments) in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), amygdala and anterior insula would experience (i) less happiness in daily positive interpersonal situations and (ii) more sadness and anger in daily negative interpersonal situations. Participants (44 youth aged 11-16 years with a history of anxiety) completed a 10-day ecological momentary assessment protocol and a neuroimaging task in which they listened to audio clips of their parents' criticism and neutral comments. Mixed-effects models tested associations between neural activation to critical (vs neutral) feedback and emotions in interpersonal situations. Youth who exhibited higher activation in the sgACC to parental criticism reported less happiness during daily positive interpersonal situations. No significant neural predictors of negative emotions (e.g. sadness and anger) emerged. These findings provide evidence of real-world correlates of neural reactivity to social threat that may have important clinical implications.

Calm down, please!: Exploring the effects of driving anger expression (DAX) on traffic locus of control (T-LOC) and crash involvement among drivers in Tehran, Iran

Since driving anger expression and its adverse consequences is an issue that has not been resolved over the last years or even has increased among Iranian drivers over time, this study aimed to evaluate the driving anger expression (DAX) and its impacts on the traffic locus of control (T-LOC) and crash involvement among drivers in Tehran, Iran. By collecting data from 1035 participants, exploratory factor analysis identified significant constructs of DAX including “Adaptive, “Verbal anger expression”, “Use of the vehicle to express anger”, and “Personal physical anger expression” and T-LOC including “Self”, “Other drivers”, “Vehicle/environment”, and “Fate/luck”. A two-phase approach of K-means clustering and a logistic regression model was then used to evaluate the effects of driving anger expression on T-LOC and crash involvement. The results revealed that while males and younger drivers reported more aggressive orientation in driving anger situations, females, older drivers, and those with higher driving experience significantly showed a higher level of adaptive orientation in driving anger situations. The logistic regression models showed that external T-LOC (believing that other people and factors are responsible for an accident, not themselves) was significantly higher in middle-aged drivers and those with 11–20 years of driving experience. Also, drivers with adaptive anger expression were less likely to report a high level of external T-LOC. On the other hand, the use of the vehicle to express anger increased the probability of external T-LOC. According to the results, using the vehicle to express anger can significantly increase the probability of crash involvement among drivers.

Anger regulation choice-The role of age and habitual reappraisal.

The ability to choose emotion regulation strategies in accordance to contextual demands, known as emotion regulation flexibility, is key to healthy adaptation. While recent investigations on spontaneous emotion regulation choice tested the effects of emotional intensity and age using standardized negative pictures with no particular emotional quality, we elicited the discrete emotion of anger with personally relevant autobiographical memories in a sample of 52 younger and 41 older adults. In addition, we included habitual reappraisal as a predictor of emotion regulation choice. Our main hypothesis was that, compared with younger adults, older adults prefer less resource-demanding emotion regulation strategies (i.e., distraction) over more resource-demanding strategies (i.e., reappraisal), particularly if older adults' habitual reappraisal is low and the to-be-regulated anger is of high intensity. Surprisingly, our findings suggest that only older adults' emotion regulation choices depend on the emotional intensity of the autobiographical memory and habitual reappraisal. Only older adults with high habitual reappraisal preferred to reappraise their anger in situations of low anger intensity but switched to the less demanding strategy of distraction in high anger memories, indicating emotion regulation flexibility. This study extends previous research by testing emotion regulation choices in natural contexts and considering regulation habits. Although we replicate previous findings of emotion regulation flexibility according to emotional intensity in anger memories for older adults with high habitual reappraisal only, our findings illustrate the relevance of reappraisal habits to emotion regulation choice in age-comparative research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Update on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Implications for Acute and Critical Care APRNs.

Update on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Implications for Acute and Critical Care APRNs.

The relational dynamics of anger and shame: scripts for emotional interactions in Germany and Japan

This study explored German and Japanese scripts for anger and shame interactions between romantic partners. We started from the idea that emotion scripts structure people’s knowledge about emotional interactions and should vary systematically between cultures in line with the cultural significance of the emotion that the script organizes. Specifically, we expected that emotions that are consistent with culturally dominant relationship ideals (anger in Germany, shame in Japan) compared to those that are inconsistent (anger in Japan, shame in Germany) are experienced more commonly and that scripts for culturally consistent compared to inconsistent emotions should represent more knowledge about interpersonal contingencies. German and Japanese participants (N = 344) indicated for eight anger (or shame) situations how frequently they encounter similar situations, how intensely they would respond with anger/shame, how their partners would react, and how angry/ashamed they would feel after the interaction. In line with our expectations, we found that people encounter shame situations with their partners frequently to the extent that they lead to culturally consistent emotions; this was partially also the case for anger situations. Moreover, we found that, overall, participants took imagined partner responses more into account when imagining interactions around culturally consistent compared to inconsistent emotions, supporting the idea that these scripts represent more interpersonal influence.

Effect of Intervention Training on the Mother-Child Relationship in Children with Autism: A Control Trial

Background: The disability to recognize emotional and mental states in others’ facial expressions is acknowledged as one of the major developmental-behavioral problems in children with autism. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of facial emotion recognition training on the interaction skills of children with autism. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional facial recognition on the mother-child relationship in children with autism. Methods: The present clinical trial was conducted based on a pre-test post-test design. Children aged 6-12 years with high- or moderate-functioning autism were assigned to two groups using the random block sampling method. Children in the intervention group were trained in 10 45-min sessions each week for 10 weeks using 40 images related to four situations of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. The mother-child relationship questionnaire was completed one day before and one day after the intervention in both groups by the research assistant. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 22. Results: Emotional state training improved the mother-child relationship in the intervention group. There was also a statistically significant difference between the total scores of the mother-child relationship in the intervention group and the control group (p

Dyadic association between aggressive pretend play and children's anger expression.

This study investigates the association between children's peer-reported expression of anger and their pretend play with aggressive/negative themes observed during spontaneous play with classmates. Participants comprised 104 Chinese children (Mage =8.98years, SD=0.97, 49% girls) and were filmed playing in peer dyads with toys. Aggressive and non-aggressive negative pretend themes were coded at five-second intervals for 10minutes. Children's expression of anger in real situations was reported by peers. Analysis using actor-partner interdependence modelling (APIM) revealed significant partner effects, indicating that children were more likely to engage in pretend play with aggressive themes when they were playing with a partner who was perceived by their peers as more easily angered. It was also found that boys were more likely to engage in pretend play with both aggressive and non-aggressive negative themes compared with girls.

Negative Attribution Bias and Related Risk Factors After Brain Injury.

In participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and peer controls, examine (1) differences in negative attributions (interpret ambiguous behaviors negatively); (2) cognitive and emotional factors associated with negative attributions; and (3) negative attribution associations with anger responses, life satisfaction, and participation. Two TBI outpatient rehabilitation centers. Participants with complicated mild to severe TBI (n = 105) and peer controls (n = 105). Cross-sectional survey study. Hypothetical scenarios describing ambiguous behaviors were used to assess situational anger and attributions of intent, hostility, and blame. Executive functioning, perspective taking, emotion perception and social inference, alexithymia, aggression, anxiety, depression, participation, and life satisfaction were also assessed. Compared with peer controls, participants with TBI rated behaviors significantly more intentional, hostile, and blameworthy. Regression models explained a significant amount of attribution variance (25%-43%). Aggression was a significant predictor in all models; social inference was also a significant predictor of intent and hostility attributions. Negative attributions were associated with anger responses and lower life satisfaction. People with TBI who have higher trait aggression and poor social inferencing skills may be prone to negative interpretations of people's ambiguous actions. Negative attributions and social inferencing skills should be considered when treating anger problems after TBI.

Emotional experiences in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism: Anger and mood in neutral and anger evoking situations

ABSTRACT Objectives: This paper presents four independent studies examining emotional experiences in grandiose and vulnerable narcissism across neutral and anger-evoking situations, controlling for the shared variance between neuroticism and vulnerable narcissism. Methods: In Study 1 and 2, we explored the associations of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism with temporary anger and mood in neutral situations. In Study 3 and 4, we examined participants' responses to induced anger and provocation, respectively. Results & Conclusions: Across conditions, vulnerable narcissism was associated with higher baseline anger and worse mood, while grandiose narcissism was related to a better mood. Our results suggest that narcissism shapes individual emotional experience. However, it is not connected with any specific emotional reactions in anger-evoking situations.

Anger Situation of Last Year Students in the Faculty of Health Sciences

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin öfke ifade tarzlarını belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipte yapılan araştırma bir kamu üniversitesinin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik, Sağlık Yönetimi ve Çocuk Gelişimi Bölümü son sınıf 198 öğrencinin 114’ünün katılımı ile gerçekleşmiştir (katılım oranı %58). Veriler, öfke ifade tarzlarını belirlemek amacıyla geliştirilmiş “Sürekli Öfke/Öfke İfade Tarzı Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Ölçek 34 maddeli ve 4’lü likert tipinden oluşmaktadır. Sürekli öfkeden alınan yüksek puan öfke düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu; öfke kontrolü ölçeğinden alınan yüksek puan öfkenin kontrol edilebildiğini, öfke dışa vurum ölçeğinden alınan yüksek puan, öfkenin kolayca ifade edilebiliyor olduğunu ve öfke içe vurum alt ölçeğinden alınan yüksek puan ise öfkenin bastırılmış olduğunu göstermektedir.Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %62.3’ü Hemşirelik, %16.7’si Sağlık Yönetimi ve %21.1’i ise Çocuk Gelişimi bölümünde okumaktadır. Öğrencilerin orta düzeyde öfke davranışı gösterdikleri; öfke durumunu bastırma düzeylerinin düşük olduğu, öfkelerini kolay ifade edemedikleri ve orta düzeyde öfke kontrolleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin sürekli öfke ile öfke içe vurumu (r=0.44; p≤05) ve öfke dışa vurumu (r=0.71; p=0.00) arasında pozitif anlamlı; öfke kontrolü (r=-0.44; p=0.00) ile arasında ise negatif anlamlı bir ilişki görülmüştür. Genel öfke durumu açısından bölümler arasında fark anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmada, öğrencilerin orta düzeyde öfke yaşadıkları, öfkelerini kolay ifade edemedikleri, öfkeyi bastırma düzeylerinin ve öfke kontrollerinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sağlık alanında çalışacak öğrencilerinin öfkelerini kontrol etme ve uygun şekilde öfkeyle baş etme yöntemlerini geliştirmeleri açısından eğitimlerin planlanması, ilgili derslerin içeriğine öfke kontrolü konularının eklenmesi önerilebilir.

The Modifying Effect of Alcohol on Formation of a Hostile Position in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Objective: to study the effect of alcohol on formation of a hostile position in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Material and methods. A comparative, cross-sectional, one-stage study of persons suffering from schizophrenia up to 5 years over 2015-2017 has been performed. The following evaluation methods were used: hostile attributive style - the AIHQ scale (D. R. Combs et аl., 2007), screening for alcohol use - the ASSIST scale (R. Humeniuk et al., 2008), severity of psychopathological symptoms - the PANSS scale (S. Kay, L. Opler, 1986). Results. The group with a low «risk level» of problematic alcohol use revealed the lowest indices by the PANSS «Paranoid Militancy» and «PANSS-Hostility» subscales. The comparison of psychometric parameters by the AIHQ Scale among persons suffering from schizophrenia has revealed that an increase in the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption leads to an increase of indices of anger and accusations in deliberate situations. Conclusion. The obtained data make it possible to assume presence of the modifying effect of quantitative parameters of alcohol use on formation of a hostile position in persons suffering from schizophrenia.

Longitudinal relations of preschoolers’ dispositional and situational anger to their prosocial behavior: The moderating role of shyness

AbstractGenerally, research on children’s anger and prosocial outcomes has been inconsistent, perhaps because researchers have overlooked nuances in children’s anger, such as whether the emotion is situational versus dispositional or is in response to blocked goals versus violations of moral principles (e.g., unfairness). Additionally, mixed findings may be due to potential moderators such as shyness. In this study, we investigated the unique relations of children’s (n = 192, 54.7% boys; Mage = 41.75 months) dispositional and situational anger in response to unfairness at 42 months old to their prosocial behavior toward strangers a year later. Further, we examined whether children’s shyness moderated the relations. Longitudinal models controlling for stability of the constructs showed that dispositional anger was unrelated to prosocial behavior whereas situational anger positively predicted later prosocial behavior. Further, children’s shyness moderated the relation between situational anger (but not dispositional anger) and prosocial behavior. For shy children, prosocial behavior toward strangers was low, regardless of anger; for those who were low or average in shyness, situational anger positively predicted prosocial behavior. The findings suggest that when children are not too shy to approach strangers, anger in response to unfairness may be an important precursor for later other‐oriented moral tendencies.

체육수업 분노 상황지각, 조절 척도 개발 및 타당성 검증

본 연구의 목적은 학생들이 체육 수업에서 경험할 수 있는 분노상황을 얼마나 잘 지각하고, 분노 상황에 처했을 때 자신의 분노를 얼마나 잘 조절 하는지를 측정하기 위한 도구를 개발하는 데 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 연구를 척도 개발 5단계를 크게 척도개발단계와 타당성 검증단계로 구분하여 분석하였다. 척도개발단계에서는 상대방의 반칙, 동료들의 잘난 척, 교사의 편애, 팀 불화, 단독 플레이, 더운 날씨의 운동장수업, 낮은 수행평가 점수 및 불공정 한 판단의 상황을 추출했다. 분노 상황은 체육수업에서 분노에 대한 내용분석 결과를 토대로 분석 하였다. 응답자의 분노 지각 강도를 측정하기 위해 분노, 슬픔, 혐오감, 두려움 및 행복감의 표정을 Abrosoft FantaMorph 프로그램을 사용하여 0 %, 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % 및 100 %의 강도로 나타냈다. 감정 조절은 분노 억제, 분노 표현, 분노조절의 세 가지 유형으로 제시되었다. 예비 조사에서 190 명의 응답자가 응답하도록 요청 받았고 빈도 분석, 변별도와 난이도가 계산되었다. 빈도 분석 결과에서 상대방의 반칙, 교사의 편애, 팀의 불화 및 불공정 한 판정이 선택되었다. 최종 척도는 1175 명의 초·중·고학생의 응답자료로 성별, 학교 등급, 그리고 방과후 운동 유형에 따른 차이를 분석했다. 여학생들은 남학생들보다 분노 상황지각과 분노강도가 유의하게 높았다. 반면에, 남학생은 분노 상황-표정 일치에서 여학생들보다 유의하게 높았다. 불공정한 판단을 제외하고, 학교 수준에서, 나머지 요인들은 학교급이 높아질수록 분노강도와 분노 상황-표정일치가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 방과후 운동 유형 비교에서 팀 스포츠에 참여한 학생들은 불공정한 판정과 교사의 편애에 대한 분노 상황-표정일치가 가장 높았다. 팀 불화에서 팀 스포츠는 다른 스포츠보다 분노강도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결론은 이 연구에서 개발 된 척도가 타당함을 의미한다.

Emotional Reactions to Intergroup Norm Violations

The present study investigates emotional reactions that follow norm violations involving Hindus and Muslims in India. It also studies how in-group’s emotional reaction is predicted by the emotion that the group experiences in tandem with certain contextual factors, such as, fraternal relative deprivation (FRD), social identity, power to harm and resource power. Data were collected on 221 Hindus and 167 Muslims. Three different types of norm-violating situations were presented and subjects were asked to rate the extent to which they and their group will experience anger, fear or anxiety in such situations. Respondents were asked to choose between conciliation, retaliation and retribution as one of their preferred emotional reactions. Although, conciliation was the most preferred reaction for resolving conflicts for both, Hindus and Muslims, this preference changed from one situation to another. Across three situations, anger was the most intensely experienced emotion followed by the emotions of anxiety and fear. Anger evoked retaliatory reactions among Hindus while Muslims preferred a retributory reaction in situations involving strong norm violations. Multinomial logistic analysis showed that no emotion was consistently related with the preferred emotional reaction to norm violations across situations. For Hindus, fear in Situation 1 (personal humiliation of a group member) was associated with preference for retribution but with conciliation in Situation 3 (mocking of Gods and Goddesses). Similarly, anger enhanced the odds of Hindus for engaging in retaliation in Situation 2 (obstruction of in-group’s religious procession). As for Muslims, contextual factors, such as, resource power, power to harm in association with different negative emotions increased the odds for their preferred choices of emotional reaction.

Systematic review of studies of mental health nurses' experience of anger and of its relationships with their attitudes and practice.

Introduction Emotional regulation is important in mental health nursing practice, but individual emotions may require different regulation strategies. There is ample evidence that nurses experience anger specifically during their work, for example when experiencing patient aggression. It is, therefore, important to consolidate what is known about how anger manifests in mental health nursing practice. We aimed to systematically identify, evaluate and synthesize results from studies about mental health nurses and anger, where anger was measured objectively. Systematic literature review based on PRISMA guidelines. We identified 12 studies. A range of validated and nonvalidated instruments was used. Mental health nurses may have lower levels of anger than normative samples, but anger is commonly reported as an issue for them. Anger was studied in relation to its links with (1) clinical management of patients, notably violence containment; and (2) employment issues more generally, notably job motivation. Anger is related to nurses' attitudes about the acceptability of coercion, but there is no evidence that it results in more coercion. Nurses should be aware of the potential influence of anger on their practice. Anger, specifically, should be considered when supporting mental health nurses, for example in clinical supervision. Emotional regulation training should target anger.