Situational Anger Research Articles

Detecting Non Verbal and Vocal Expressions of Bullying in Kindergarten

The purpose of this paper is to examine the aggressiveness which is expressed by infants in kindergarten and is manifested as school bullying. More specifically, this paper is aiming in recording main bibliographic references of non verbal and vocal expression of preschoolers in anger situations and how those references are substantiated through surveys. Bibliography claims that school bullying does not occur unexpectedly, but instead there are apparent signs in behavior of preschoolers, that can be prevented before they occur. Throughout this paper however, what is in parallel aimed is the recording of the reasons that positively contribute to the expression of aggressive behavior in preschoolers. In this way, knowing the reason of causing an attitude, it could become easier and more efficient to prevent and efface that attitude. Many researchers conclude that parents and teachers have to cooperate and constantly communicate each other in order to significantly help preschoolers who, appear (show) aggressive behavior, to change its (their) behavior for the rest of their lives. Conclusions like that are under a new review in present study.

Misofonia: características clínicas e relato de caso

RESUMO Misofonia refere-se a uma condição em que há uma forte aversão a certos sons, em resposta aos quais a pessoa relata experiências emocionais desagradáveis e excitação autonômica. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um caso de portadora de misofonia e discutir características diagnósticas. Paciente do sexo feminino, 32 anos, casada. Na anamnese relatou sintomas compatíveis com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC), como verificação de portas e janelas, preocupação com ordem e simetria de objetos, ler tudo o que está à frente, colocar a mão duas ou três vezes em móveis da casa, além de tiques faciais e guturais. Também relatou desencadeantes das situações de raiva: intolerância a alguns ruídos e sons, como mastigação de terceiros, teclado de celular, clique no “mouse” do computador, impressora e esfregar as mãos. Na presença desses ruídos, ela tenta se afastar e já atacou fisicamente parentes e colegas de trabalho. Foi tratada com escitalopram e reavaliada depois de quarenta e cinco dias, relatando alívio parcial da misofonia e redução dos sintomas TOC. A condição foi descrita pela primeira vez no início de 2000 por dois audiologistas e tornou-se foco de interesse no campo da psiquiatria. Alguns relatos sugerem que os sintomas misofônicos podem ser parte de outras condições, como síndrome de Tourette, TOC e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada. No caso descrito, a paciente apresentou quadro comórbido de misofonia, TOC e transtorno de tique.

Misophonia: Case report

IntroductionMisophonia refers to a condition in which there is a strong aversion to certain sounds, in response to it the person reports unpleasant emotional experiences and autonomic arousal.ObjectivesTo present the case of misophonia carrier and discuss diagnostic features.MethodologyCase report and literature review.ResultsFemale, 32 years old, married, two children. In anamnesis reported obsessional symptoms (Check doors and windows, concerned with order and symmetry of objects; read all that lies ahead, pull the hand two or three times on mobile) since adolescence. Also reported triggering situations of anger: intolerance to some noises and sounds, like chewing third, mobile keyboard, click the “mouse” computer, printer and rub hands. In the presence of these noises, she tries to move away, and already tried to attack physically relatives and insulting co-workers. She was treated with escitalopram and re-evaluation after thirty days, reported partial relief misophonia and reduction of obsessional symptoms.ConclusionThe condition was first described in the early 2000s by two audiologists, and has become the focus of interest in the field of psychiatry. Some reports suggest that misophonic symptoms may be part of other conditions such as Tourette's syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Specifically, the characteristics shared between misophonia and OCD, as the relief of discomfort associated with avoidance behaviour suggest that the condition is part of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, which seems to happen with the case described above.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Situational driving anger, driving performance and allocation of visual attention

The effects of situational (state) driving anger on driving performance and allocation of driver visual attention were studied using a driving simulator experiment. A total of 24 licensed drivers, half being experienced and half novices, took part in this study. Each participant completed two similar drives, one in an emotion-neutral condition and one in an angry state. The anger emotion state was induced using a 5-min long traffic-related video clip. The results showed that compared with emotion-neutral drivers, drivers in an angry state tended to drive faster, maintain less headway while following a lead vehicle, and accept shorter gaps when performing left-turns. Moreover, when angry, drivers tended to adopt later and harder braking in the lane merging event, indicating a failure to respond properly to an imminent crash that fell into the peripheral areas of the road. Responses to emergency situations that happened in the centre areas of the road, however, were unaffected by situational anger. Results on eye movement data revealed that when angry, drivers scanned a narrower area and applied a more heuristic processing style, both of which may increase the chance of missing potential hazards in peripheral areas. Furthermore, it was found that increased experience did not better prepare drivers for the adverse influences of situational anger. Recommendations for intervention strategies and further research are presented.

Anger factors impacting on life satisfaction of mothers with young children in Korea: Does mother's age matter?

The relationship between adult anger and parent anger factors and maternal life satisfaction of mothers with young children and the moderation effect of maternal age on the relationship were examined. The participants were 325 mothers of young children and aged from 25 to 47 residing in metropolitan areas of Korea. Likert questionnaires requiring self-reporting by mothers, were used to examine mothers' experience of adult anger and parent anger as well as life satisfaction. The results of the study were as follows. First, both adult anger and parent anger predicted 10% of the variability of maternal life satisfaction and parent anger in the association with age improved the predictability to 22%. Second, adult anger management was positively associated with maternal life satisfaction while adult anger suppression was negatively associated with maternal life satisfaction. Third, the higher parent situational anger the mothers experienced, the lower life satisfaction they had and that was significant for young mothers only. The higher parent anger management difficulty mothers had, the lower life satisfaction they had and that was true for both young and old mothers.

An Aggressive Coping Strategy of Gymnasium Students in Social Conflict Situations: Emotional and Family Determinants

The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of emotions and parents’ coping strategies in conflicts to generating the youth’s aggressive coping strategy in social conflict situations. The research involved 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. Analysis of the collected research material enabled us to conclude that aggression is a form of coping with anger and anxiety felt in social conflict situations. It was found out that the mother and the father who employ a strategy based on aggression contribute to the modelling of a strategy involving aggressive behaviour applied in social conflict situations by the youth. Keywords: junior high school adolescent, emotional reactions, modelling behaviour, aggressive coping strategy, social conflict situations. How to cite: Borecka-Biernat, D. (2016). An aggressive coping strategy og gymnasium students in social conflict situations: Emotional and family determinants. Ugdymo psichologija, 27 , 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/up.2016.01

ENGLISH SWEAR WORDS BY INDONESIAN LEARNERS

<p><em>Language functions to convey expression and content, either for their self or for others. Some people tend to use swear words in certain conditions and situation to show their feeling or just to express an inconvenience. In other words, swear word is closely related to anger expression. This paper examines the use of English swear words in certain simulated anger situations in order to know what kinds of swear words that the respondents use. The data were gathered through some simulated anger situations which were made by considering certain social dimensions. The respondents are the university students who were taken randomly through different classes. This study shows that certain English swear words are commonly used by the respondents and the social status of respondents governs as an important aspect. </em></p>

“How do you feel about math?”: relationships between competence and value appraisals, achievement emotions and academic achievement

This study analyzes the relationships between cognitive appraisals, classroom and test emotions, and math achievement in a sample of 1219 Portuguese students from the 6th and 8th grades. Participants completed measures of perceived value, perceived competence, and seven math achievement emotions (boredom, hopelessness, anger, anxiety, enjoyment, pride, and relief) experienced in two different settings: classroom and tests. Math achievement was obtained from school records. Results showed significant associations between student competence and value appraisals, their emotional experiences in test and classroom situations, and their math achievement. However, when emotions were considered simultaneously in structural equation modeling, only anger in test situations and hopelessness were significant negative predictors of students’ math achievement. Hopelessness appears to play a particular role in the interplay between cognitive appraisals, emotions, and academic achievement as it is the only emotion that relates to math achievement both in test and classroom situations. Furthermore, findings also support the existence of differences in the relationships between cognitive appraisals and the achievement emotions students experience in these two settings.

TWENTY-THREE-YEAR LONG-TERM HEALTH OUTCOME AFTER THE WAR IN VUKOVAR.

Results of the first research of this kind on the 23-year long-term outcome in children born during the war in Vukovar are presented. This retrospective clinical study surveyed the potential 23-year long-term consequences and morbidity of children born between May 1, 1991 and November 19, 1991, during the siege and occupation of Vukovar. Data were obtained from women having delivered their babies in that period and from delivery protocols of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vukovar County Hospital. According to the survey and the data collected, there were 9 (3.98%) preterm deliveries, 60 (81%) of the total of 77 subjects were breastfed, 14 (19%) were not breastfed, while three babies died in the postpartum period. However, the breastfeeding period was evidently shorter, as only 10 women breastfed for a period longer than 6 months, while the mean length of the breastfeeding period was 9.9 weeks, i.e. 2.5 months. Allergy-related illnesses and proneness to infections in childhood and preschool age were found in 27.3% and 16.9% of children, respectively, while two children developed diabetes type 1. One child had atopic diathesis, two started speaking after the age of two, one child started walking late (after 20 months) and started speaking after the age of two, one child had loud sound phobia, and one used to overreact and express anger in inconvenient situations, all of them being of female gender and born prematurely. Cognitive and attention disorders and stress reactions were found in 6.5% of the children. Regular elementary school education was completed by 74 (96%) children, while three (3.8%) children experienced failure at school due bad behavior, i.e. delinquency. At the age of 23, 34 (46%) children had developed bad habits, i.e. 33 of them smoked, 2 were addicted to alcohol, whereas one was addicted to both smoking and alcohol. Forty (54%) subjects did not use any harmful substances. Psychiatric disorders related to anxiety, depression or other illnesses were not found in this research. In conclusion, it should be noted that pregnant women who gave birth during the study period spent the first trimester of their pregnancy in a relatively peaceful pre-war period without acute stressors, so the long-term results and morbidity actually did not differ from those in the general population. The most important isolated risk factor was premature delivery with the known short-term and long-term consequences typical for premature delivery (perinatal mortality, slow neuromotor and cognitive development).

Psychoeducative Programme in Anger Management

Chronic uncontrolled anger (often characteristic of dysfunctional families) becomes toxic and produces changes both in the personality traits as well as in the biological substrate. Anger can minimize mental control over behaviour since it interrupts the function of the frontal lobes and detrimentally affects health, family, work-school, financial status, friends, law, personality and values. On the other hand research conducted with fMRI, has shown a close relationship between anger and coronary atherosclerosis, ventricular arrhythmias, morbidity, and mortality. Two main brain targets of chronic anger with obvious changes are amygdala and hippocampus. In this paper we present the results of an anger control psychoeducative programme, based on person centred and group centred principles. It is developed around the hypothesis that anger is an alarm signal indicating an unmet need. Group members learn to bind anger situations with human needs. Among discussed subjects in small groups are personal anger experiences, family influences, physical relaxation methods, inner distorted beliefs, body signs and the psychobiological cycle of anger. Symbolization tools are also used. As a measurement tool we used self administered STPI (State-Trait Personality Inventory), which includes eighty questions designed to measure transitory and dispositional anger, anxiety, curiosity and depression in a four-level Likert scale. This is a twelve months (45 hours) programme divided into two phases (awareness and therapy) It was applied in three groups (Σn=30, 2011-2014). Personality anger traits showed a highly significant difference between the beginning and end of this paired blind trial (p<0.001). Programme and results are presented and discussed.

Protecting Autonomy, Protecting Relatedness: Appraisal Patterns of Daily Anger and Shame in theUnitedStates andJapan

AbstractThe present study tested the idea thatU.S. and Japanese participants appraise anger and shame situations in line with the American concern for autonomy and the Japanese concern for relatedness, respectively. Sixty‐fiveU.S. and 72Japanese students participated in a 7‐day diary study of anger and shame. Each day, participants reported their most important anger and shame incident and indicated whether they themselves or others were to be blamed (anger appraisals), and whether they focused on themselves or the opinion of others (shame appraisals). They also indicated whether they had experienced anger toward someone close or distant and whether their shame was publicly seen or privately felt. In line with theJapanese concern for protecting relatedness, Japanese compared toU.S. participants blamed themselves relatively more than others during anger situations with close others and focused on others rather than themselves during shame episodes that were publicly seen. Underlining theU.S. concern for protecting autonomy, Americans blamed others more than themselves during anger situations and focused more on themselves than others during shame situations.

Context matters: The social effects of anger in cooperative, balanced, and competitive negotiation situations

When does expressing anger in negotiations lead to concessions? Although research has begun to address this question, it has not yet examined the influence of the negotiation context. We propose that the effect of expressing anger depends on the competitiveness of the negotiation situation. Specifically, when the negotiation situation balances cooperative and competitive elements, expressing anger elicits larger concessions than no anger, and responses are driven by cooperation-inducing strategic inferences (e.g., a perception that the anger expresser is tough and threatening). However, when the negotiation context is predominantly cooperative or predominantly competitive, expressing anger does not elicit larger concessions than no anger, and responses are driven by cooperation-inhibiting affective reactions (e.g., reciprocal anger and a desire to retaliate against the anger expresser). Results from two computer-mediated negotiation experiments using different negotiation scenarios, different manipulations of the competitiveness of the situation, and different subject populations supported our hypotheses.

The Angry Customers: A Reflection on Apparel Retailers in Turkey

While anger is the dominant affective reaction following service failure, little research focused on its potentially damaging effects. Different consumers can have different emotional reactions to the same event depending on their expectations and personality situations. The present study aims to discover the circumstances where consumers reveal an anger emotion toward the apparel retail stores. The study also investigates how this anger situation impacts consumers’ purchasing decisions and attitudes toward the apparel retail stores. Results revealed five major sources of anger that influence consumers in a negative manner both in terms of their attitude toward a particular retail store and their acts of purchases from the store.

Web-based coping skills training for women whose partner has a drinking problem.

Spouses whose partner has an alcohol use disorder can experience considerable psychological distress. Yet, because of social, financial, relationship, and psychological barriers they often remain hidden and underserved. To partially reduce treatment barriers for this population, this study evaluated the short-term efficacy of a self-paced, web-delivered coping skills training program for women experiencing distress as a result of living with a partner with an alcohol use disorder. Participants (N = 89) were randomly assigned to either 8 weeks of an Internet-administered coping skills training program (iCST), or an 8-week delayed treatment control (DTC). Participation in, and satisfaction with iCST was high. At the end of the 8-week access/delay period, iCST participants exhibited a significantly higher level of coping skills relative to DTC, d = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI; .64, 1.51], and reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms, d = -.65, 95% CI [-1.21, -.35], and situational anger, d = -.70, 95% CI [-1.62, -.64]. Moreover, iCST appeared to prevent an increase in symptoms among those with low baseline symptom levels; DTC did not. Skill acquisition appeared to partially mediate changes observed. Online coping skills training may be an effective way of reaching and helping a large number of this frequently underserved population.

Driver Anger: Experienced and Expressed

This study aimed to explore driver anger using a Driving Anger Scale (DAS), a subscale of the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and a General Anger Scale (AX-O). The driving anger scale measured both experienced and expressed anger in various driving related contexts. In connection with this we also explored the effect of gender and age. Participants in this study who received a postal survey were 1794 adult subjects (1283 males and 511 females). The items dealing with different anger provoking situation were analysed using a principle-components factor analysis and formed four sub-scales: impeding driving, illegal driving, hostile gestures and police presence. The result showed that young drivers scored higher on impeding driving, hostile gestures and police presence. Women in all age groups scored higher on illegal driving and in the oldest age group this also applied to impeding driving. The results also showed a high correlation between the degree of provocation and expression of anger in both men and women. Young drivers expressed their anger more overtly than older drivers. With regard to gender very few differences was found except for young men expressing more anger in connection with hostile gestures and women in the oldest age group expressing more anger in relation to illegal driving. The combination of DBQ and DAS presented a significant relationship indicating that own behaviour was related to their reaction of others. Finally the results could establish that the expression of anger behind the wheel was related to how people express their anger in other situations. In conclusion the degree of anger varies according to its context. Men and women and different age groups are provoked by different events in traffic although when they are provoked very few suppress this feeling. Anger on the road is also strongly related to anger off the road.

The psychometric properties of the Anger Bodily Sensations Questionnaire (ABSQ)

The Anger Bodily Sensations Questionnaire (ABSQ) is a newly developed self-report instrument for measuring bodily sensations related to anger in interpersonal situations. In this study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the ABSQ in a sample of 70 offenders and a sample of 100 secondary vocational students. Results indicated that the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the instrument were good. An explorative factor analysis carried out on the ABSQ data of the combined sample yielded three factors. Support was found for the concurrent validity of the instrument. In both samples, the total score of the ABSQ showed positive correlations with measures of bodily awareness, social anxiety, anger, and aggression. Altogether, results suggest that the ABSQ appears to be a reliable and valid questionnaire. Further research is needed to examine the psychometric properties of the ABSQ in larger offender and non-clinical samples.

중학생을 위한 웹 활용 데이트폭력 예방프로그램 개발 및 효과

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a dating violence prevention program for middle school students. Method: The development of a web-based dating violence prevention program proceeded through the stages of analysis, design, development, implement, and evaluation in addition to designing a randomized control group pre-post trial to test its effects. The effects of the program were analyzed using dating violence awareness, sex role, anger and aggression. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Result: We posted the results on our website (http://www.stopviolence.co.kr) to complete our web-based dating violence prevention program. The program was conducted as group education on a small scale for 90 minutes per session during 8 sessions in total. The Web-based dating violence prevention program was effective in increasing awareness of middle school students on the dating violence, changing sex role attitudes positively, and decreasing anger and aggression in trouble situations. Conclusion: We strongly recommend using this web-based dating violence prevention program to prevent dating violence.

Anger Makes You Feel Stronger: The Positive Influence of Trait Anger in a Real-Life Experiment

Abstract Although anger as a negative emotion is associated with unpleasantness, recent research on anger highlights its motivational effect. The present study tested whether individuals experience both, an unpleasant and an activating affect, after real-life provocations. Results revealed that an anger situation evoked not only typical subjective and cardiovascular anger reactions but also a sense of strength, which is a positive affect. A comparison of participants with low versus high anger disposition according to the STAXI-2 at baseline, treatment, and recovery showed that participants with high trait anger consistently scored higher in subjective ratings of feeling strong than their counterparts did. Moreover, we found a larger and longer lasting effect of feeling strong than feeling angry after an anger treatment. Thus, differences in anger disposition influence the positive correlation between trait anger and positive affect.

Pathways to hostile collective action: The roles of general attitudes toward the advantaged group and situational anger.

Collective action is a group behavior that aims to improve the status, power, or influence of an entire group. The present study focused on hostile collective action performed for releasing negative emotions, and explored a pathway including the roles of general attitudes toward the advantaged group and situational group-based anger in predicting the disadvantaged groups' hostile collective action. Group-level data were collected via a laboratory experiment. The results obtained using multiple regression analysis suggested that general attitudes toward the advantaged group formed before the trigger event predicted hostile collective action indirectly through the mediating effects of situational group-based anger and collective action tendencies, which were both produced after that trigger event. In addition, situational group-based anger predicted hostile collective action fully through collective action tendencies. These pathways provided a continuous process of hostile collective action in which general attitudes toward the advantaged group that were formed before the trigger events would influence situational group-based anger when the trigger events occurred, and then affected hostile collective action for responding to these events. Thus, hostile collective action could be predicted before the trigger events by monitoring the disadvantaged groups' attitudes toward the advantaged group. Moreover, reducing destructive collective action by improving intergroup attitudes through some effective interventions was discussed in this study.

Situational (state) anger and driving

Aggression and anger have been related to crash involvement, but the direct causal relation between situational anger and driving choices and abilities has not been examined empirically. In this study, 15 licensed drivers drove twice in a driving simulator, each time following one of two emotion inductions based on event recall: angry and neutral. Following anger induction, the drivers crossed more yellow traffic lights (p < .01) and tended to drive faster (non-significant). However, performance on emergency manoeuvres were unaffected by anger. In conclusion, it appears that state anger affects driving behaviour by increasing risk taking, without necessarily compromising the skilled driving behaviour, at least as far as these behaviours were evaluated in emergency situations in simulated driving.