Children's Anger Research Articles

A practical study regarding the effect of adaptive roller-skating on emotion regulation ability of autistic children.

Our aim is to analyze the effect of adaptive roller-skating on emotional regulation of autistic children. Adaptive roller-skating course was designed for autistic children based on adaptive sports and A-B-A experiments. The adaptive roller-skating intervention focuses on improving emotional regulation ability, and directs the children to reasonably vent, recognize and stabilize their emotions. Adaptive roller-skating has a significant effect in intervening sadness, anger, anxiety and fear in autistic children; the intervention content setting and difficulty setting of the course have a certain impact on the intervention effect. Highly difficult and risky content can stimulate children. Adaptive roller-skating intervention course should obey the concept of adaptive movement in view of the differences between autistic children and the fun of roller-skating and guide the autistic children in emotion regulation with positive emotions.

Behavior Problems among Children of Mothers with Mild Intellectual Disability: The Role of Maternal Sensitivity, Trauma History, and Intelligence

Children of parents with intellectual disability (ID) are at risk of behavior problems, but few studies have systematically examined contributions from caregiving behavior and contextual factors. This cross-sectional matched comparison study examined whether the children display elevated behavior problems, and analyzed contributions from maternal sensitivity and maternal experiences of abuse, trauma and maltreatment (ATM). The roles of maternal and child intelligence were also examined. Participants were 26 mothers with mild ID and their children (mean age = 79 months; 58% boys), and 26 socioeconomically matched comparison dyads. Child behavior problems were assessed with maternal ratings, maternal sensitivity with structured observations, and maternal experiences of ATM with semi-structured interviews. Maternal intelligence was measured with a subtest from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS-III), and child intelligence with the IQ-screen in Leiter-R. Children of mothers with ID had higher ratings on psychosomatic, anger, hyperactivity, and total problems, but not on anxiety. Sensitivity was negatively associated with anger, hyperactivity, and total child behavior problems. Maternal ATM was positively linked to child anger problems. Maternal intelligence was unrelated to child behavior problems, but low child intelligence marginally predicted behavior problems. Inclusion and equity for parents with ID and their children require that clinical practice boost sensitivity, especially among parents who have experienced ATM.

Examining Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs for anger expression and regulation in toddlers.

The present study is focused on anger expression and regulation within the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) construct of Frustrative Nonreward. Although previous studies have examined associations between child anger regulation and expression, these studies do not directly address the dynamic processes involved in Frustrative Nonreward using microlongitudinal methods. The current study used data from 561 adopted children, their adoptive parents, and birth parents and aimed to address gaps in the literature by examining: (a) temporal associations between anger expression during a frustrating situation, and behaviors thought to regulate emotions (e.g., attempt-to-escape, support-seeking, distraction, and focus-on-restraint) on a microlongitudinal scale during an arm restraint task assessed at 27 months; (b) birth parent externalizing problems and overreactive parenting by adoptive parents as predictors of child anger expression and moderators of the moment-to-moment associations estimated in Step 1; and (c) longitudinal associations (linear vs. quadratic) between anger expressions and externalizing behaviors at 4.5 years. Findings indicated that children's attempt-to-escape and support-seeking predicted an increase in anger expression in the following 3-s interval, whereas distraction and focus-on-restraint were not associated with changes in anger expression. Furthermore, we found that birth parents' externalizing problems were significantly associated with child anger expression, suggesting heritable influences. Anger expression showed a U-shaped longitudinal association with paternal report of externalizing behaviors at 4.5 years. Taken together, the findings emphasize the significance of integrating microlongitudinal analysis approaches into the RDoC framework, helping to advance our understanding of dynamic processes underlying reactions to Frustrative Nonreward. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Mother-child interactions and child anger proneness as antecedents of changes in sleep during the preschool period.

Age-related developments in sleep during the preschool years are normative and consequential. Yet, very few studies have examined the antecedents of individual differences in such developments, and most have used parental reports of child sleep. This study aimed to investigate the roles of mutual responsiveness in mother-child interactions and child temperamental anger proneness in the prediction of changes in sleep during the preschool period. The sample was comprised of 94 children (44 girls, 50 boys) of mostly White (93%) and college-educated (85%) mothers. Mother-child mutual responsiveness and child anger proneness were assessed at 2 years, and sleep was assessed using actigraphy at the ages of 2, 3, and 4 years. Multilevel growth models revealed that higher temperamental anger proneness was concurrently associated with lower sleep efficiency and shorter nighttime sleep duration at 2 years. In regard to changes in sleep, nighttime sleep duration decreased between 2 and 4 years among children exposed to lower mutual responsiveness in interactions with their mothers. High anger proneness was related to an increase in sleep efficiency from 2 to 4 years, whereas low anger proneness was associated with a decrease in nighttime duration during the same period. No interactive effect was found between anger proneness and mother-child mutual responsiveness. These results suggest that mother-child relationships and child temperament may play different roles, not only in children's concurrent sleep patterns but also in changes in sleep across the preschool period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

부모의 심리적 통제가 아동의 열등감을 매개로 역기능적 분노표현에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine moderated mediation effects of self-compassion through inferiority between parental psychological control and child's dysfunctional anger expression. Methods To this end, 348 children in the 4th to 6th grades of five elementary schools located in Daegu and Gyeong sang buk-do were analyzed using the parental psychological control scale, dysfunctional anger expression scale, inferiority scale, and self-compassion scale. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between measurement variables using SPSS 23.0 and SPSS Macro PROCESS v3.0, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect, and regulatory regression analysis was conducted to verify the moderating effect. Results The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that inferiority partially mediated the psychological control of parents and the dysfunctional anger expression of children. Second, it was found that self-compassion controls the relationship between the child's inferiority and dysfunctional anger expression. Third, it was found that there was a moderated mediation effect of self-compassion in the effect of parental psychological control on dysfunctional anger expression through the child's inferiority. Conclusions Through the results of this study, it was confirmed whether self-compassion can control the effect of psychological control of parents perceived by children on dysfunctional anger expression through an inferiority. Through this, it suggests that it is important to cultivate an individual's receptive and flexible attitude as well as a family parenting environment in order to lower children's dysfunctional anger expression. Therefore, information was provided to establish specific intervention strategies in counseling and education sites to improve the level of self-compassion.

Chinese immigrant child and maternal reactions to disappointment: Cultural fit impacts the bidirectional associations

AbstractCulture provides a context in which emotion socialization is embedded, and the bidirectional effects between parents’ emotion socialization and children's emotional behaviors may work differently across cultures. To understand how emotion socialization may be shaped by the cultural context, we examined the moderating role of Asian cultural values in bidirectional associations between maternal emotion socialization practices and child anger and sadness. Seventy‐four U.S. Chinese immigrant mothers (Mage = 40.71 years, SD = 3.61) completed measures assessing their Asian cultural values and parenting style. Children experienced a disappointment task in the lab (Cole, 1986), and mothers and their children (Mage = 6.73 years, SD = .95; 55% female) were observed at two different time intervals. Mothers’ socialization practices (emotion dismissing, emotion coaching, and moral and behavioral socialization) and children's anger and sadness responses at both intervals were coded. Mothers’ greater Asian cultural values buffered the negative effects of their emotion dismissing practices on children's anger and sadness. However, Asian cultural values did not impact the effects of children's anger and sadness on mothers’ emotion dismissing practices. When mothers endorsed fewer Asian values, their emotion coaching practices reduced children's anger and sadness. Children's anger and sadness evoked more emotion coaching practices when mothers endorsed lower levels of Asian cultural values. In addition, children's anger and sadness evoked greater moral and behavioral responses from their mothers when mothers endorsed more Asian values. Overall, findings underscored the importance of cultural values in the interplay between mothers’ emotion socialization practices and children's emotions.

Development of the Anger Children's Cognitive Error Scale and the Anger Children's Automatic Thought Scale.

Empirical studies between anger and anger-provoking cognitive variables in children and adolescents are lacking, despite numerous studies on internalising and externalising problems. The purpose of this study was to develop new questionnaires for anger-provoking cognitive errors and automatic thoughts, and examine relationships between anger, cognitive errors, and automatic thoughts in children and adolescents. Participants were 485 Japanese children and adolescents aged 9-15 years old (254 females; average age 12.07; SD = 1.81). They completed the Anger Children's Cognitive Error Scale (A-CCES) and the Anger Children's Automatic Thought Scale (A-CATS), which were developed in this study, as well as the Anger Scale for Children and Adolescents and the Japanese version of Short Spence Children's Anxiety Scale. Both the A-CCES and the A-CATS had adequate reliability (internal consistency) and validity (face validity, structural validity and construct validity). A hierarchal regression analysis indicated that automatic thoughts were positively and moderately related to anger (β = .37) after controlling for age, gender, anxiety symptoms, cognitive errors and interaction term. Moreover, a mediation analysis indicated that automatic thoughts significantly mediated the relationship between cognitive errors and anger (indirect effect, 0.24; 95% CI: .020 to .036). This study developed the new questionnaires to assess anger-provoking cognitive errors and automatic thoughts. In addition, this study revealed that automatic thoughts rather than cognitive errors are associated with anger in children and adolescents.

Reciprocal effects between young children's negative emotions and mothers' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relations between young children's negative emotions and their mothers' mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused the public a certain degree of psychological symptoms, and family environments and relations have been changed dramatically as a result. The relations between young children's negative emotions and their mothers' mental health have not been sufficiently determined for the context of a pandemic or other large‐scale crises.MethodA survey was administrated on 8119 Chinese mothers of 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children with the Symptom Checklist 90 and the Child Negative Emotion Questionnaire.ResultsThe canonical correlation results indicated that there were covariation trends between young children's anger and their mother's obsessive–compulsive symptoms and hostility, children's fear and mothers' phobic anxiety, and children's tension and mothers' interpersonal sensitivity and depression. These correlations were all positively significant.ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, the predictive power of young children's negative emotions to their mothers' mental health was greater than that of the reverse.ImplicationsThis study provides a scientific guidance on the regulation of young children's negative emotions and the improvement of mothers' mental health during the pandemic as well as potential emergencies in the future.

Validation of the Children’s Inventory of Anger (ChIA) with a Mexican sample

The Children’s Inventory of Anger (ChIA) is a self-report measure that assesses the level of anger experienced by children and youth. Anger is a significant predictor of aggression, peer relationships difficulties and antisocial behavior; therefore, is crucial to have a valid and reliable measure to evaluate it. The purpose of this study was to validate the ChIA for the Mexican children (ChIA-M). Participants were 638 students (M = 9.8 years; SD = 1.51), 49% were females from primary and secondary Mexican public schools. The exploratory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure with a shared variance of 47.60%, but a different distribution of items. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated the model to be an acceptable fit with the data χ 2 (338) = 1089.75, p ≤ .001, NFI = .82; IFI = .907, CFI = .906, RMSEA = .047. Good internal consistency was obtained for Total score α = .94 and subscales: Frustration α = .90, Aggression α = .88 , Peer Relationships α = .76 and Authority Relations α = .81. Convergent and divergent validity was supported through positive and significant correlations with the Anger Inventory for Mexican Children and the negligible correlations with the Children Questionnaire of Positive Emotions. Results suggest that the Spanish version of the ChIA for Mexican population is a valid and reliable measure of child anger. However, attention should be paid to the cultural differences related to the experience of anger. Further research should continue evaluating the ChIA with clinical samples and children from different ages and regions in Mexico

A meta-analysis of forgiveness education interventions' effects on forgiveness and anger in children and adolescents.

Forgiveness education interventions instruct children and adolescents in understanding forgiveness and its role in healthy relationships. In this meta‐analytic review, 20 studies involving 1472 youth (51% female; M age = 11.66) from 10 countries (studies: 40% North American, 25% East Asian, 20% Middle Eastern, 15% European) were retrieved to determine forgiveness education interventions’ effects on youth outcomes. Hedges’ g and confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess treatment effects. Findings suggest that forgiveness education interventions have a significant positive effect on forgiveness (g = 0.54, 95% CI [0.36, 0.73]) and anger (g = 0.29, 95% CI [0.11, 0.47]). Results lend support to the idea that children and adolescents who experience hurt from the unjust actions of others may benefit from learning about the process of forgiveness.

Infants’ attachment security and children’s self-regulation within and outside the parent–child relationship at kindergarten age: Distinct paths for children varying in anger proneness

Research in developmental psychology has robustly documented positive associations between parent–child attachment security and the child’s self-regulation (SR). This study of 102 community mothers, fathers, and infants contributes to that research by examining the role of attachment security, observed at 15 months using the Attachment Q-Set, as a predictor of two distinct aspects of self-regulation at 67 months: executive functioning (SR-EF), observed in abstract Stroop-like tasks (Day/Night & Snow/Grass and Tapping), and parent-related (SR-PR), observed within the context of the parent–child relationship in response to the mother’s (SR-MR) and father’s (SR-FR) requests and prohibitions. We also examined child anger proneness, observed at 7 months, as a moderator of those associations. In both mother–child and father–child dyads, child security predicted SR-EF; More secure children performed better in executive functioning tasks. In mother–child dyads, security also predicted SR-MR, but the effect was qualified by the interaction of security and anger proneness, such that the effect was significant only for highly anger-prone children. The effect reflected differential susceptibility: Compared with lower-anger peers, highly anger-prone children developed worse SR-MR if their security was low, but they developed better SR-MR if their security was high. The findings highlight the benefits of a nuanced approach to self-regulation, considering child individuality as interacting with security and examining processes in both mother–child and father–child dyads.

Reexamining the association between the interparental relationship and parent-child interactions: Incorporating heritable influences.

Family systems research has identified two key processes (spillover and compensatory), linking interparental relationship quality to the parent-child relationship. However, previous research has focused on the parent as the sole initiator and had not often considered the role of the child in these processes. The present study adds to the literature by leveraging a genetically informed design to examine possible child evocative effects on spillover and compensatory processes. Participants were from a longitudinal parent-offspring adoption sample of 361 linked sets of adoptive parents of an adopted child (57% male), and the child's birth parents. Adoptive parents reported on child pleasure and anger at 18 months and the interparental relationship at 27 months. Parent-child interactions were observed at child age 6 years, and heritable influences were assessed via birth mother self-report at 5 months. Our results indicated a dampening effect where higher interparental warmth at child age 27 months was associated with less adoptive mother-child coercion at child age 6 years, and a compensatory effect where higher interparental conflict was associated with more adoptive father-child positive engagement. Moreover, our results indicated child-driven effects via both genetic and environmental pathways. Specifically, higher levels of birth mother negative affect (heritable characteristic) were associated with lower levels of adoptive father-child coercion. Also, child anger was positively associated with interparental conflict, and child pleasure was positively associated with interparental warmth. These findings support findings from the family literature with evidence of compensatory mechanisms, while also highlighting the active role children play in shaping family interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The Effect of Child-Centered Play Therapy on Children with Anger Control Problems is True

Background: Children's anger and aggressive behaviors become a problem for teachers and parents at home, in the classroom, or the playground. Pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches are recommended for children who cannot control their anger. Child-centered play therapy is one of these approaches. Aim: This study aimed to reveal the effect of child-centered play therapy on children with anger issues. Materials and Methods: The study group consists of 25 volunteer child clients with anger symptoms, and the control group consists of 25 volunteer child clients without anger symptoms. Each participant was given child-centered play therapy with 45-min sessions twice a week for 3 weeks during the research process. The Trait Anger-Anger Style Scale was administered to the participants before and after the therapy. Results: As a result of the study, it was shown that children with anger issues experienced a significant change and improved after child-centered play therapy. Children have become able to control their anger. At the same time, improvement was observed in the verbal and behavioral expression of anger. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that child-centered play therapy can be an effective treatment option for children with anger issues and aggressive behaviors.

Investigating the Multidimensionality and Psychometric Properties of the Children's Anger Rumination Scale (CARS): A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Framework.

Anger Rumination (AR) represents a maladaptive cognitive process that contributes negatively to psychosocial functioning. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties (e.g., factorial structure, measurement invariance, and reliability) of the Children's Anger Rumination Scale (CARS). Factorial structure was tested by contrasting alternative model representations of the instrument (one- and four-factor independent cluster models-confirmatory factor analysis [ICM-CFA], exploratory structural equation modelling [ESEM], bifactor-CFA and bifactor-ESEM) in a convenience sample of 552 Greek students (Mage = 11.50 years; 53.6% girls). The hypothesized bifactor-ESEM solution, composed by a general anger rumination factor and four specific factors (Angry Afterthoughts, Thoughts of Revenge, Angry Memories, and Understanding of Causes) provided the best fit to the data and revealed the unitary dimensionality of the CARS. Measurement invariance across gender and age in level of the latent means indicated no significant differences in relation to AR tendency. The CARS showed internal consistency, one-month test-retest reliability as well as desirable patterns of convergent and discriminant validity. The predictive power of the instrument was also supported as participants' AR propensity was found to explain both depressive symptoms and bullying behaviors. Overall, our findings indicate that the CARS is a developmentally appropriate and psychometrically sound instrument that conceptualizes AR as an unidimensional construct among children and preadolescents.

Assessing anger and irritability in children: psychometric evaluation and normative data for the German version of the PROMIS\xae Parent Proxy Anger Scale

PurposeAnger and irritability are common and impairing symptoms in children. The PROMIS Anger scales assess self- and parent-reported irritable and angry mood over the past 7 days. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the German version of the PROMIS Parent Proxy Short Form v1.0—Anger and to provide normative data.MethodsTo evaluate the psychometric properties, data from the study ADOPT Epidemiology were used. In this study, the PROMIS Anger Scale was administered to a population-based sample of n = 8746 parents of children aged 8–12 years. Psychometric analyses were carried out including the investigation of distribution characteristics, factor structure, model fit, internal consistency, and congruent validity. Normative data were calculated as percentile ranks and T-scores.ResultsThe PROMIS Anger Scale demonstrated good psychometric properties, including satisfactory distribution characteristics, unidimensionality, good internal consistency as well as congruent validity. German normative data for the PROMIS Anger Scale are presented.ConclusionBased on first psychometric analyses, the German version of the PROMIS Anger Scale can be recommended for use in research and practice; however, further investigations using clinical data are needed. The normative data will allow researchers and clinicians an interpretation of the test scores in future applications.

Parent-child relationship and child anger proneness in infancy and attachment security at toddler age: a short-term longitudinal study of mother- and father-child dyads

ABSTRACT Early parent-child relationship and child negative emotionality have both been studied as contributors to attachment security, but few studies have examined whether negative emotionality can moderate effects of parent-child relationship on security and whether the process is comparable across mother- and father-child dyads and different security measures. In 102 community families, we observed parent-child shared positive affect and infants’ anger proneness at 7 months, and attachment security at 15 months, using observer-rated Attachment Q-Set (AQS) and a continuous measure derived from Strange Situation Paradigm (SSP). For mother-child dyads, high shared positive affect and low anger proneness were associated with AQS security. Those effects were qualified by their interaction: Variations in shared positive affect were associated with security only for relatively more anger-prone children. That effect reflected the diathesis-stress model. For father-child dyads, shared positive affect was associated with security. There were no effects for SSP security with either parent.

Does gratitude affect the expression of aggression and anger in children?

Does gratitude affect the expression of aggression and anger in children?

SIBLING RELATIONSHIP AND EXPRESSION OF ANGER AMONG THE CHILDREN OF WORKING WOMEN

Abstract Background: Maternal presence or absence influences the quality of relationship between the siblings. The quality of sibling relationship is affected by the quantity of time the mother spends with her children. Aim of the Study: Present research was aimed to investigate the sibling relationship and expression of anger in children of working women. The main objective of the study was to explore an association between the quality of sibling relationship and the quality of time given by a working mother. Material and Method: A sample of 150 participants who were the children of working women was drawn through purposive sampling technique with age range 11to 12 years having one or more than one sibling. Demographic Information Sheet, Sibling Relationship Inventory and Child Anger Expression Scale were used to collect data. Results: Results indicated that number of working hours of the mothers was emerged as the strongest predictors of the conflicted sibling relationship and accounted for 51 % of variance in conflicted sibling relationship. The result also indicated that children living in nuclear family had more external anger, hostility & violence and hostility as compare to the children living in joint family system. Conclusion: On the base of results, it is suggested that sibling relationship are badly affected by the mere presence of the mother. A working mother who spends maximum time in her office is unable to settle down the conflicts arose between the siblings.

Implikasi Faktor Pertumbuhan Rohani Keluarga Kristen Berdasarkan Efesus 5:22-6:4 Bagi Pembinaan Keluarga di Gereja

The implications of the spiritual growth factors for Christian families based on Ephesians 5: 22-6: 4 for family formation in the church. This writing uses a hermeneutic literature study to analyze the text of Ephesians 5: 22-6: 4. The author also includes a qualitative descriptive analysis, in order to describe the discussion related to the Christian family to find implications for the formation of the Christian family in the church. From the results of the research, the author's interview with 5 young family members, the wives obey the authority of the husband as the head of the family as many as 4 participants, the husband in loving his wife by providing services to the welfare of the wife both physically and spiritually there are 4 participants, the children describe the role His obedience, namely depending on the attitude of the two parents, there are 3 participants and the parents (husband and wife) carry out their role in educating children by being spiritual role models through attitudes and actions, there are 3 participants. As an implication for family formation in the church, namely, the wife in her role of submission and respect to the husband, as the husband has the role of head and loves the wife, as children have an attitude of obedience and respect to both parents and as parents (husband and wife) has the role of not arousing children's anger and educating children in God's teachings.

Deep learning techniques for automated detection of autism spectrum disorder based on thermal imaging.

Children with autism spectrum disorder have impairments in emotional processing which leads to the inability in recognizing facial expressions. Since emotion is a vital criterion for having fine socialisation, it is incredibly important for the autistic children to recognise emotions. In our study, we have chosen the facial skin temperature as a biomarker to measure emotions. To assess the facial skin temperature, the thermal imaging modality has been used in this study, since it has been recognised as a promising technique to evaluate emotional responses. The aim of this study was the following: (1) to compare the facial skin temperature of autistic and non-autistic children by using thermal imaging across various emotions; (2) to classify the thermal images obtained from the study using the customised convolutional neural network compared with the ResNet 50 network. Fifty autistic and fifty non-autistic participants were included for the study. Thermal imaging was used to obtain the temperature of specific facial regions such as the eyes, cheek, forehead and nose while we evoked emotions (Happiness, anger and sadness) in children using an audio-visual stimulus. Among the emotions considered, the emotion anger had the highest temperature difference between the autistic and non-autistic participants in the region's eyes (1.9%), cheek (2.38%) and nose (12.6%). The accuracy obtained by classifying the thermal images of the autistic and non-autistic children using Customised Neural Network and ResNet 50 Network was 96% and 90% respectively. This computer aided diagnostic tool can be a predictable and a steadfast method in the diagnosis of the autistic individuals.