Anesthesia Recovery Time Research Articles

Anesthesia protocol for ear surgery in Wistar rats (animal research).

ObjectiveTo formulate an anesthesia protocol for safe and satisfactory anesthesia for ear surgery in rats.MethodsThe rats were anesthetized with xylazine (10 mg/kg body weight) and ketamine at doses of 80, 50, 40, and 30 mg/kg body weight or with isoflurane anesthesia (2%–3.5% in 100% oxygen; maintenance dose 1.5%–3.5%). The anesthesia induction, surgery, and recovery time were recorded.ResultsIn total, 17 rats were induced by varying doses of ketamine‐xylazine and 28 rats with isoflurane. Mean induction time with ketamine‐xylazine was 6 ± 2.9 min compared with 3.8 ± 1.1 min with isoflurane. Mean recovery time with ketamine‐xylazine was 142.6 ± 49.3 min compared with 4.1 ± 1.2 min with isoflurane. A mortality of 4 animals after developing dyspnea was recorded with ketamine‐xylazine.ConclusionIsoflurane anesthesia offers appropriate induction and recovery times and low mortality rates for the surgeries performed. Isoflurane anesthesia offers reliable results for ear surgery in rats. However, more equipment and technical skills are needed.

Effects of different insulation temperatures of an inflatable insulation system on patients receiving right hemicolectomy using the laparoscopic caudal approach

Abstract Introduction The study assesses the effects of different insulation temperatures of an inflatable insulation system on right hemicolectomy. Materials and Methods A total of 132 patients receiving right hemicolectomy using the laparoscopic caudal approach were randomly divided into four groups. The inflatable insulation system was used immediately after they entered the operating room. The perioperative core body temperature, blood coagulation index, stress index, recovery time from anesthesia, and postoperative BIS recovery were recorded 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia (T0), immediately (T1), 30 minutes (T2), 60 minutes (T3), and 120 minutes after induction of general anesthesia (T4), and at the end of operation (T5). Results Group C had significantly lower IL1, IL-6, IL-23, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF-α, and CRP levels but a higher IL-12 level than those of other three groups (P < 0.05). The MAP and HR values of groups A and C were significantly lower than those of groups B and D at T2, T3 and T4, which were lowest in group C (P < 0.05). The blood glucose levels of groups A and C during and after operation were lower than those of groups B and D, being lowest in group C (P < 0.05). The anesthesia recovery time and extubation time of groups A and C were shorter than those of groups B and D, being shortest in group C (P < 0.05). The time from discontinuation to BIS>80 of group C was significantly shorter than those of other three groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions Comprehensive insulation (43°C automatically adjusted to 38°C after 1 hour) exerts satisfactory effects on right hemicolectomy.

Effect of Caffeine on Time to Anesthetic Emergence after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Randomized-Controlled Trial

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine on the time to emerge from sevoflurane anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study conducted between July 2021 and October 2021. ASA I and II patients proposed for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included and randomized into 2 groups at the end of the surgery to receive either 300mg of caffeine citrate infusion (C) or saline infusion (S). The main endpoint was to compare anesthetic recovery times. The secondary endpoints were recovery scales, postoperative pain, time to the first flatus, fatigue, occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events, and plasma caffeine levels one and twenty-four hours after intravenous infusion. Results: Sixty patients were included. Both groups were comparable regarding demographic characteristics and anesthesia parameters. All average times to emergence were shorter in group C with significant differences (p <0.05) for time to spontaneous ventilation (p= 0.002, -2.86 min) and time to extubation (P= 0.004, -3.51 min). In group C the modified Aldrete scale and the Richmond agitation-sedation scale were significantly higher. Fatigue was significantly lower 4 hours postoperatively with caffeine (p = 0.049). There was no difference regarding postoperative pain, headache incidence, nausea and vomiting, time to the first flatus and satisfaction at discharge from hospital. Plasma levels of caffeine were well below the toxicity threshold. Conclusion: Caffeine administration following laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduced the time to emergence and sedation. Cardiovascular adverse events were not reported and plasma levels were well below the toxicity threshold.

Effect of systematic graded rewarming measures on body temperature and prognosis of patients undergoing emergency trauma surgery

To observe the effect of systematic graded rewarming measures on body temperature and prognosis of patients with moderate and severe trauma [revised trauma score (RTS) < 12] requiring emergency operation. A prospective randomized double-blind controlled study was conducted. From January 2020 to January 2021, 104 patients who underwent emergency trauma surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were selected as the research object. According to random number table method, the patients were divided into traditional rewarming group and systematic graded rewarming group, with 52 cases in each group. Patients in traditional rewarming group (only record the body temperature without intervention, and start the rewarming process when the body temperature at any time was less than 36 centigrade); the patients in the system graded rewarming group start the preventive measures as soon as they were admitted to the hospital, and record the body temperature. When the body temperature at any time was less than 36 centigrade, start the graded rewarming process. Observe the rewarming effect, coagulation function, blood gas analysis and postoperative anesthesia recovery time of the two groups and final outcome. With the extension of time, the body temperature of the two groups increased gradually. The body temperature of the systematic grade rewarming group was significantly higher than that of the traditional rewarming group at 2 hours after rewarming and at discharge (centigrade: 36.23±0.77 vs. 35.84±0.93 at 2 hours after rewarming, 36.54±0.87 vs. 35.82±0.92 at discharge, both P < 0.05). The incidence of subsequent hypothermia was significantly lower than that in the traditional rewarming group [7.7% (4/52) vs. 25.0% (13/52), P < 0.05]. The postoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of the two groups was significantly shorter than that at admission (s: 35.74±8.05 vs. 45.55±28.02 in the systematic rewarming group, P < 0.05; 38.35±6.48 vs. 42.40±13.18 in the traditional rewarming group, P < 0.05); the intraoperative and postoperative pH values in the systematic rewarming group were significantly higher than those at admission (7.33±0.05, 7.36±0.06 vs. 7.30±0.07, both P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the intraoperative and postoperative pH values in the traditional rewarming group and those at admission (7.31±0.06, 7.33±0.06 vs. 7.31±0.05, both P > 0.05). The postoperative prothrombin time (PT) and anesthesia recovery time in the systematic graded rewarming group were significantly shorter than those in the traditional rewarming group [PT (s): 15.05±2.44 vs. 17.94±3.48, anesthesia recovery time (hours): 14.40±11.76 vs. 17.35±10.51, all P < 0.05], and the pH value was significantly higher than that in the traditional rewarming group (7.36±0.06 vs. 7.33±0.06, P < 0.05). The systematic graded rewarming group had higher improvement rate and lower disability rate than the traditional rewarming group (76.9% vs. 65.4% and 17.3% vs. 25.0%, both P < 0.05). Systematic graded rewarming measures can improve the hypothermia of emergency trauma patients who received surgery, reduce the incidence of subsequent hypothermia of trauma patients, shorten the time of postoperative resuscitation, improve the coagulation function and blood gas indexes, improve the treatment rate, and reduce the incidence of disability.

Anesthesia of rainbow trout with citronellal: Efficacy and biochemical effects.

The aim of this study was to assess the anesthetic efficacy and biochemical effects of citronellal on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish were exposed to 200-800 µl/L citronellal to find the anesthesia induction and recovery times. The deep anesthesia stage was reached within 117-613 s, using 800-200 µl/L citronellal, respectively, and all fish recovered within 240-420 s. To assess biochemical responses, the fish were exposed to 200, 400, 600, and 800 µl/L of citronellal and blood-sampled after deep anesthesia. Theresults showed that anesthesia led to significant elevations in blood erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, plasma lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase; these parameters exhibited increasing trends as citronellal concentration increased. These results along with significantly higher plasma lysozyme activity, cortisol, and glucose levels in 200 µl/L treatment suggest that an increase in citronellal concentration significantly mitigates hypoxia/stress responses in the fish. Significant elevations in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and malondialdehyde level were observed in the 200 µl/L treatment, which suggests induction of hemolysis and oxidative stress in this treatment. There was a tendency to higher ammonia levels along with the increase in citronellal concentration, which might be due to early ammonia accumulation because of lower opercular movement in the fish. Except for blood hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume, there were no significant differences between the 600 and 800 µl/L citronellal treatments. In conclusion, high concentrations of citronellal are more suitable for trout anesthesia and blood sampling than low concentrations. Based on the present study, 600-800 µl/L citronellal is recommended for trout anesthesia.

Eugenol and Lippia alba essential oils as effective anesthetics for the Amazonian freshwater stingray Potamotrygon wallacei (Chondrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae)

This study assessed the potential of eugenol and the essential oil of Lippia alba (EOLA) in providing suitable anesthetic induction and recovery times, and their consequent effects on the blood and respiratory physiology, as well as the gill architecture of an Amazonian freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon wallacei, shortly after reaching the recovery and 48 h later. Juveniles of P. wallacei were exposed to increasing concentrations of eugenol (75, 100, 125, and 150 µL L-1) and EOLA (150, 175, 200, and 225 µL L-1) in an immersion bath. Anesthetic induction was found to be faster with the use of eugenol compared to EOLA. On the other hand, the stingrays anesthetized with eugenol displayed a longer recovery time than those exposed to EOLA. The highest concentrations of eugenol caused moderate to severe histological changes in the gills. No significant changes were found for hematocrit and plasma energy metabolites in the stingrays anesthetized with all concentrations of both eugenol and EOLA shortly after reaching the recovery from the ansthesia, when compared to those recovered after 48h. Investigations regarding the potential use of these natural anesthetics are unprecedented for freshwater stingray species, and 200 μL L-1 EOLA is recommended as the most suitable anesthetic for use in juveniles of P. wallacei.

Essential oil of Aloysia citriodora Paláu and citral: sedative and anesthetic efficacy and safety in Rhamdia quelen and Ctenopharyngodon idella

ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy of citral in inducing sedation and anesthesia in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and to assess the safety of essential oil (EO) of Aloysia citriodora and citral in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish. Study designClinical study, randomized, parallel, multi-arm with control group in target species. AnimalsA total of 96 juvenile and 72 adult silver catfish and 80 juvenile grass carp were used. MethodsSilver catfish and grass carp were exposed to different concentrations of citral, 15–675 and 15–600 μL L–1, respectively, during the maximum period of 30 minutes to verify sedation and anesthesia induction and recovery times. In addition, for anesthetic induction, silver catfish were exposed to the EO of A. citriodora and citral at 225 μL L–1 for 3.5 minutes. Then, fish were transferred to an anesthesia maintenance solution at 50 μL L–1 for 10 minutes to assess hematologic and biochemical variables at 60 minutes, 2 and 6 days after treatment. ResultsCitral only induced sedation from 15, 25 and 40 μLL–1 in both species. Anesthesia without mortality was induced in silver catfish at 50–600 μL L–1 and grass carp at 75–450 μL L–1. At 675 and 600 μL L–1, mortality was recorded in silver catfish and grass carp, respectively. The EO of A. citriodora and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish, with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration being the only variable that varied in relation to time and treatments. Conclusions and clinical relevanceCitral was effective in inducing sedation and anesthesia in both species. In addition, A. citriodora EO and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish. Both agents are promising substances for the development of new drugs for fish.

Intraoperative use of low-dose dexmedetomidine for the prevention of emergence agitation following general anaesthesia in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial.

To clarify the effect of an intraoperative low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion on emergence agitation following general anaesthesia in elderly patients. Eighty elderly patients (> 64-years-old) following elective general anaesthesia for radical cancer surgeries were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 40 each): the dexmedetomidine group (Group D) and the normal saline group (Group C). Anaesthesia was maintained with continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine at -0.2µgkg-1h-1 in Group D, and an equal volume of normal saline (0.5mlkg-1h-1) was given in Group C. All patients were observed for 30min in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU), AFPS and NRS were recorded every 2min, and the total doses of nalbuphine and fentanyl were calculated in the PACU. MAP and HR were recorded at the time of 10min (T1), 20min (T2), 30min (T3) after dexmedetomidine or saline pumping, and before extubation (T4), immediately after extubation (T5), and 5min after extubation (T6). We also documented some durations, including anaesthesia duration (D1), surgery duration (D2), duration from the end of surgery to extubation (D3), and emergence agitation duration (D4). The MAP in Group C was significantly higher than that in Group D (P < 0.05), and there were no significant changes between the two groups in HR and MAP within each time point and D1, D2, D3, and D4. The incidence of agitation, NRS score and total dose of nalbuphine and fentanyl were all lower in Group D than in Group C (P < 0.05). An intraoperative low-dose dexmedetomidine continuous infusion can reduce emergence agitation following general anaesthesia in elderly patients (> 64-years-old), remain stable in terms of haemodynamics, and not lead to delays in anaesthesia recovery time and extubation time.

A Prospective Randomized Study to Compare Sevoflurane and Desflurane for Emergence and Recovery Characteristics in Pediatric Patients

Background: Emergence and recovery have been found to be common problems after general anesthesia, especially in children. Both sevoflurane and desflurane have fast emergence and recovery from anesthesia which results in emergence delirium (ED). This study aims to compare the incidence of ED and rate of recovery in pediatric patients under sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Seventy children aged 1 to 10 years belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups. Group D (n = 35) received inhalational desflurane, whereas Group S (n = 35) received inhalational sevoflurane at 1.3 minimum alveolar concentration with oxygen and nitrous oxide for maintenance of anesthesia in both the groups. Rate of recovery from anesthesia (emergence time and recovery time) and incidence of ED were assessed in both the groups. Postanesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge time, hemodynamic changes, and side effects were also noted. Results: Emergence and recovery times were significantly shorter in Group D than Group S: (4.50 ± 1.53 minutes versus 6.25 ± 1.64 minutes) and (6.79 ± 1.52 minutes versus 9.12 ± 2.32 minutes), respectively (P &lt; 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of ED in the two groups (P = 0.782). Mean PACU discharge time was significantly shorter in Group D than Group S (P &lt; 0.001). No significant hemodynamic changes and side effects were noted in both the groups (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of ED was found to be similar with both sevoflurane and desflurane. Although the rate of recovery was significantly faster with desflurane, it was clinically insignificant. Hence, we inferred that both agents can be used safely in children, but sevoflurane should be preferred owing to its properties and cost-effectiveness particularly in our setup.

Excitation of Putative Glutamatergic Neurons in the Rat Parabrachial Nucleus Region Reduces Delta Power during Dexmedetomidine but not Ketamine Anesthesia.

Parabrachial nucleus excitation reduces cortical delta oscillation (0.5 to 4 Hz) power and recovery time associated with anesthetics that enhance γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor action. The effects of parabrachial nucleus excitation on anesthetics with other molecular targets, such as dexmedetomidine and ketamine, remain unknown. The hypothesis was that parabrachial nucleus excitation would cause arousal during dexmedetomidine and ketamine anesthesia. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs were used to excite calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2α-positive neurons in the parabrachial nucleus region of adult male rats without anesthesia (nine rats), with dexmedetomidine (low dose: 0.3 µg · kg-1 · min-1 for 45 min, eight rats; high dose: 4.5 µg · kg-1 · min-1 for 10 min, seven rats), or with ketamine (low dose: 2 mg · kg-1 · min-1 for 30 min, seven rats; high dose: 4 mg · kg-1 · min-1 for 15 min, eight rats). For control experiments (same rats and treatments), the Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs were not excited. The electroencephalogram and anesthesia recovery times were recorded and analyzed. Parabrachial nucleus excitation reduced delta power in the prefrontal electroencephalogram with low-dose dexmedetomidine for the 150-min analyzed period, excepting two brief periods (peak median bootstrapped difference [clozapine-N-oxide - saline] during dexmedetomidine infusion = -6.06 [99% CI = -12.36 to -1.48] dB, P = 0.007). However, parabrachial nucleus excitation was less effective at reducing delta power with high-dose dexmedetomidine and low- and high-dose ketamine (peak median bootstrapped differences during high-dose [dexmedetomidine, ketamine] infusions = [-1.93, -0.87] dB, 99% CI = [-4.16 to -0.56, -1.62 to -0.18] dB, P = [0.006, 0.019]; low-dose ketamine had no statistically significant decreases during the infusion). Recovery time differences with parabrachial nucleus excitation were not statistically significant for dexmedetomidine (median difference for [low, high] dose = [1.63, 11.01] min, 95% CI = [-20.06 to 14.14, -20.84 to 23.67] min, P = [0.945, 0.297]) nor low-dose ketamine (median difference = 12.82 [95% CI: -3.20 to 39.58] min, P = 0.109) but were significantly longer for high-dose ketamine (median difference = 11.38 [95% CI: 1.81 to 24.67] min, P = 0.016). These results suggest that the effectiveness of parabrachial nucleus excitation to change the neurophysiologic and behavioral effects of anesthesia depends on the anesthetic's molecular target.

NEURAXIAL ANESTHESIA FOR HIP ARTHROSCOPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE PAIN SCORES AND OPIOID REQUIREMENTS COMPARED TO GENERAL ANESTHESIA

Background:Hip arthroscopy is most commonly performed utilizing general anesthesia. Studies in hip and knee arthroplasty have shown an association between neuraxial anesthesia and lower rates of perioperative adverse events, lower post-operative pain scores, and lower dosing of postoperative systemic analgesics when compared to general anesthesia. A direct comparison between neuraxial and general anesthesia in hip arthroscopy has not previously been investigated.Hypothesis/Purpose:We sought to identify the immediate post-operative differences in opioid use, pain scores, and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) length of stay (LOS) after hip arthroscopy related to the type of anesthesia used for the surgical procedure.Methods:Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) with labral tears by a single surgeon at an academic center between October 2017 and July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was PACU opioid administration, measured by morphine equivalents (MEQ). Secondary parameters included total LOS, post-incision LOS, PACU LOS and PACU arrival/discharge pain scores. Analyses conducted were t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, or chi-square tests.Results:A total of 129 patients met inclusion criteria for this study; 54 males and 75 females, with an average age of 28 (±10.1) years. 52 (40.3%) had general anesthesia and 77 (59.7%) had neuraxial anesthesia, including spinal, epidural, and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia which were intermixed throughout the study period. Intraoperative and PACU opioid administration demonstrated a significant difference in medians. Neuraxial methods required a lower MEQ in both the operating room (30.0 vs 53.9, p = 0.001) and PACU (18.2 vs 31.2, p = 0.002). Neuraxial anesthesia had lower median PACU arrival and discharge pain scores (0.0 vs. 5.0, p = 0.001, 3.0 vs. 4.0, p = 0.013). There was no statistically significant difference in post-incision LOS, or traction time. General anesthesia was associated with a longer PACU phase 1 time (1.0 vs. 1.3 hrs, p = 0.005). No major adverse events such as death, disability, or prolonged hospitalization occurred in either group.Conclusion:Neuraxial anesthesia use in routine hip arthroscopy was associated with lower immediate postoperative pain scores, lower intraoperative and immediate postoperative opioid requirements, and may be associated with shorter anesthesia recovery time without any major adverse events when compared to general anesthesia.Tables

Effect of fish weights and clove powder levels on anesthesia and recovery time in common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

This study aimed to demonstrate how different fish weights and clove powder concentration levels together influence anesthesia and recovery time in Cyprinus carpio. Two different body weights classes of common carp (45±5g and 95±5g) were subjected to three concentrations of clove powder (200, 300 and 400mg/L) each replicated four times. At each treatment combination, the anesthetic induction and recovery times were recorded, fish held for a period of one week to two months following the experiments to assess short-term and long-term mortality. Significant differences (P&lt;0.05) appeared in the effect of combination between the different levels of clove powder (mg/L) with the two different weight common carp (C. carpio L.) on anesthesia time, but there was no difference in recovery time between the two size groups. The induction time was less than one minute for doses of 300 and 400 mg/L in lower fish weight 45±5g while in 200mg/L dose with 95±5g of fish weight it needed more than 9 minutes. At all tested concentrations, induction time was significantly weight-dependent (p&lt; 0.05), but the recovery time was not. Significant alterations were recorded in the hematological variables of the fish (RBC, HB, MCH and WBC), no mortality was observed. This study has demonstrated that clove powder can be safely and effectively use in the anesthesia of common carp and anesthesia time affect by doses of clove powder with fish weight.

Using Waterless Alcohol-based Antiseptic for Skin Preparation and Active Thermal Support in Laboratory Rats.

Rodents are frequently used for models that require surgical procedures. At our institution, laboratory rats are increasingly preferred for investigations of neurologic disorders, cardiovascular interventions, and assessment and treatment of addictive and depressive behaviors. For these types of studies, surgical preparations of the head and neck areas are necessary for catheterization and instrumentation. Based upon our former work in laboratory mice, we sought to improve rat surgery outcomes and confirm the efficacy of a waterless alcohol-based (WAB) antiseptic for skin disinfection prior to incision. In addition, we wanted to investigate whether active warming efforts improved perioperative body temperatures for rats to aid in return to consciousness. Prior to cranial surgical incision and placement in stereotactic equipment, rats were assessed after skin preparation with WAB and after thermal interventions, including prewarming cages for 30 min before anesthesia and delivery of warmed fluid (NaCl) supplementation. Core temperatures were recorded and aerobic culture swabs collected from surgical sites at multiple time points. As previously shown in mice, bacterial counts in rats were effectively diminished by WAB agents. Assessment of intraoperative body temperature trajectories did not identify appreciable differences between control rats and rats that were exposed to prewarming or warmed fluid supplementation or both. However, heavier male rats recovered more rapidly from isoflurane anesthesia than did lighter male and female rats. Although these thermal support measures did not significantly improve anesthetic recovery times in rats, animals warmed for 30 min trended toward a faster return to righting reflex after exposure to isoflurane. These findings confirm that WAB antiseptic is an acceptable option for skin preparation in rats and suggest that continued evaluation of thermal interventions remains of interest for improved outcomes in rat surgery.

Lateral Hypothalamic Area Glutamatergic Neurons and Their Projections to the Lateral Habenula Modulate the Anesthetic Potency of Isoflurane in Mice

The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) plays a pivotal role in regulating consciousness transition, in which orexinergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons are involved. Glutamatergic neurons have a large population in the LHA, but their anesthesia-related effect has not been explored. Here, we found that genetic ablation of LHA glutamatergic neurons shortened the induction time and prolonged the recovery time of isoflurane anesthesia in mice. In contrast, chemogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons increased the time to anesthesia and decreased the time to recovery. Optogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons during the maintenance of anesthesia reduced the burst suppression pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and shifted EEG features to an arousal pattern. Photostimulation of LHA glutamatergic projections to the lateral habenula (LHb) also facilitated the emergence from anesthesia and the transition of anesthesia depth to a lighter level. Collectively, LHA glutamatergic neurons and their projections to the LHb regulate anesthetic potency and EEG features.

Evaluation of the application of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) extract as fish anesthetic agent

Fish anesthetics have been a long time applied for handling and transporting fish. Eucheuma cottonii has been well known as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer, and it is possible to be used as fish anesthetics due to the content of flavonoids and saponins. The pharmacologic properties of E. cottonii are very well documented. This study aimed to investigate the anesthetic potency of E.cottoni extract including its induction time, recovery time, the power of anesthetic, and the phenol absorption by fish, as well as determining their mathematical models. This study was conducted by immersing fish in solutions of varying concentrations of E. cottonii (30, 40, and 45% v/v). The immersed fish were then observed for anesthetic induction time, anesthetic recovery time, power of anesthetics, and phenol absorption of the fish. The results of the experiment show that the E.cottonii extract could anesthetize Oreochromis niloticus with the best concentration of 45% (v/v) with an induction time of 3.00 ± 1.41 min and recovery time of 3.22 ± 1.62 min. The induction time followed the exponential model with the equation y = 936449e − 0.282 × (R2 = 0.9993). The recovery time followed the exponential equation with the equation y = 0.0208e0.1075 × (R2 = 0.9025). The anesthesia power followed the logarithmic model for induction time with the equation y = − 541.5ln(x) + 2135.7(R2 = 0.9025) and exponential model for recovery time with the equation y = 0.0165e0.1243 × (R2 = 0.9738). This study shows that E. cottonii could be used as an anesthetic in Oreochromis niloticus. And that at a concentration of 45% v/v, E. cottonii could produce an anesthetic effect with a duration of 4 h. The model of phenol absorption was pseudo-second-order for all concentration.

The effect of low flow anesthesia on hemodynamic and peripheral oxygenation parameters in obesity surgery.

Objectives:To investigate the effects of low-flow anesthesia on hemodynamic parameters and recovery from anesthesia in obese individuals undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods:This randomized-controlled and prospective study included 44 obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy operation. The patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups as low-flow and high-flow anesthesia. Further, the groups compared in terms of hemodynamic parameters, anesthesia recovery times, operation times, and arterial blood gas parameters.Results:The groups were similar with respect to demographic data. Heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure measurements, end-tidal, and CO2, lactate levels measurements were similar in both groups during the entire procedure. There was also no statistically significant difference in terms of arterial blood gas parameters or anesthesia recovery periods.Conclusion:Low-flow anesthesia in laparoscopic obesity surgery seems to be safer compared to high-flow anesthesia in terms of the adequacy of tissue perfusion, depth of anesthesia, and postoperative recovery.

The Influence on the Aging Patients with Cholecystitis in Terms of Postoperative Cognitive Function After Being Treated with Combination of Dexmedetomidine Remifentanil Sevoflurane Anesthesia Compatibility and Combination of Midazolam Fentanyl Isoflurane Anesthesia Compatibility

This research article was conducted to compare the influence on aging patients with cholecystitis in terms of postoperative cognitive function after being treated with Dexmedetomidine+Remifentanil+Sevoflurane anesthesia compatibility and Midazolam+Fentanyl+Isoflurane anesthesia compatibility. Select 240 cases of aging patients who have undergone laparoscopic downward cholecystectomy under general anesthesia in our hospital from July 2016 to June 2018, then divide them into Group A and B, 120 cases for each group. The Group A has been injected with Dexmedetomidine+Remifentanil+Sevoflurane anesthesia compatibility, while the Group B Midazolam+Fentanyl+Isoflurane anesthesia compatibility. Observe and compare at different times Measures of mean arterial pressure, heart rate and Bispectral Index of patients in the two groups after being anesthetized; and the recovery time of spontaneous breathing, orientation and anesthesia, eye-opening time and extubating time; postoperative MMSE evaluation at different times. The difference concerning Measures of mean arterial pressure, heart rate and Bispectral Index of patients in both groups after being anesthetized is not significant (p>0.05); compared with patients in the group B, the postoperative orientation recovery of patients in Group A has shortened from 23.08±3.32 min to 17.66±5.15 min. The difference has statistical significance (p<0.05); MMSE evaluation of patients in Group A scores 24.02±1.95 and 26.40±2.06 for 2 h and 12 h after the surgery respectively and an improvement can be seen compared with that of Group B, which scores 20.84±1.63 and 22.42±1.95 respectively. The difference has statistical significance (p<0.05). For those aging patients with cholecystitis who have undergone laproscope, the recovery of cognitive function treated with Dexmedetomidine+Remifentanil+Sevoflurane anesthesia compatibility is better than Midozolam+Fentanyl+Isoflurane anesthesia compatibility.

Analysis on the Anesthesia Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

To compare the anesthesia effects of propofol and sevoflurane in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 60 patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was given total intravenous anesthesia (continuous infusion of propofol 6-8 mg/kg/h during operation), while the observation group was given intravenous inhalation combined anesthesia (continuous inhalation of 1-2.5 % sevoflurane during operation). The vital signs, anesthesia time, recovery time and extubation time of the two groups after induction and at the end of operation were compared and the occurrence of agitation during anesthesia recovery period was recorded The changes of heart rate and blood pressure before and after agitation were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in anesthesia time, recovery time and extubation time between the two groups (p>0.05); there was no significant difference in body temperature, oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure and heart rate between the two groups after induction and at the end of operation (p>0.05); compared with the control group, the average agitation score of the observation group was significantly higher and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There were 6 cases of restlessness in the control group (6/30) and 14 cases of restlessness in the observation group (14/30), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.05); before and after the emergence of restlessness, the blood pressure fluctuation rate and heart rate fluctuation rate changed significantly and the blood oxygen saturation decreased, with significant difference (p<0.05). Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia is more prone to emergence agitation than propofol intravenous infusion anesthesia. Intravenous anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia have their own advantages. If we fully grasp and make use of their characteristics in our work, we will make the patients wake up more smoothly and the anesthesia work more efficiently.

Comparison of anesthesia effects between closed-loop and open-loop target controlled infusion of propofol using the bispectral index in abdominal surgery.

Bispectral index (BIS) can reflect the depth of propofol sedation. This study aims to compare the anesthetic satisfaction, anesthetic dose, and hemodynamic changes between closed-loop target controlled infusion (CLTCI) and open-loop target controlled infusion (OLTCI) during abdominal surgery. From December 2016 to December 2018, 70 patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were selected in Beijing Hospital, including 51 males and 19 females, at the age from 49 to 65 years old. They were classified as grade I-II by the American Society of anesthesiologists (ASA) and were randomly divided into the CLTCI group and the OLTCI group (n=35). The CLTCI group received propofol CLTCI, and the target BIS value was set between 45 to 55; in the OLTCI group, the plasma target concentration was adjusted to maintain the BIS value between 40 to 60. Both groups were given remifentanil by target controlled infusion, and the plasma target concentration was 6.0 ng/mL. The percentages of adequate anesthesia time, deep anesthesia time, and light anesthesia time were calculated. The total induction dose of propofol, continuous infusion dose of propofol, predicted target propofol concentration of effect chamber, and continuous infusion dose of remifentanil were calculated. The times of automatic adjustment of propofol concentration in closed-loop system and manual adjustment of propofol concentration in the OLTCI group were recorded. Hemodynamic indexes were recorded, and the percentage of target mean arterial pressure (MAP) maintenance time and target heart rate (HR) maintenance time were calculated. Anesthesia time, operation time, recovery time, and extubation time were compared between the 2 groups. In the induction stage, the percentage of adequate anesthesia time in the CLTCI group was higher than that in the OLTCI group, and the percentage of deep anesthesia time in the CLTCI group was significantly lower than that in the OLTCI group (both P<0.05). In the maintenance stage, the percentage of light anesthesia time in the CLTCI group was significantly lower than that in the OLTCI group (P<0.05). The times of propofol adjustment in the CLTCI group was significantly more than that in the OLTCI group (P<0.001). The total induction dose of propofol in the CLTCI group was less than that in the OLTCI group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the continuous infusion dose of propofol, predicted target concentration of propofol, continuous infusion dose of remifentanil between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the percentages of target MAP maintenance time and target HR maintenance time between the 2 groups (both P>0.05). There was no intraoperative awareness in both groups, and there were no significant differences in operation time and anesthesia time between the 2 groups (both P>0.05). Compared with propofol OLTCI, anesthesia with propofol CLTCI under BIS guidance can maintain a more appropriate depth of anesthesia sedation and more stable hemodynamics.

Bazı Bitkisel Yağların Zebra Balıklarında Anestezik Rolü

Anesthetics have been important in ornamental fishes for transport and restriction of behaviors as well as for surgical applications and studies in science. Also, more economical and appropriate anesthetics can be common choice for these stiuations. In the study, a total of two hundred and fifty two zebrafish (forty two females and forty two males in each group) divided in three groups were studied as group A (Anise oil); group T (Thyme oil); group M (Mint oil). Anesthesia intake and lethal dose values were determined by following the anesthetic entry and recovery times. There was no anesthetic effect in group A, while anesthetic effects occured in groups T and M in concentrations 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/l. Similarity was found in groups T and M in terms of anesthesia entry and recovery times (P&gt;0.05). Nevertheless, no mortality occured in group M. However, 5mg/l tyme oil anesthesia was determined to cause 50% mortality in male fishes (group T). It was also observed that mint oil has an anesthetic effect on zebrafish with increa-sing doses determined by anesthesia entry and recorvery times (group M, P