Effects Of Anesthesia Research Articles

Age-Related Effects of Inhalational Anesthetics in B4galnt1-Null and Cuprizone-Treated Mice: Clinically Relevant Insights into Demyelinating Diseases.

Anesthetics are essential agents that are frequently used in clinical practice to induce a reversible loss of consciousness and sensation by depressing the central nervous system. The inhalational anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane are preferred due to their rapid induction and recovery times and ease of administration. Despite their widespread use, the exact molecular mechanisms by which these anesthetics induce anesthesia are not yet fully understood. In this study, the age-dependent effects of inhalational anesthetics on two demyelination models were investigated: congenital (B4galnt1-null) and chemically induced (cuprizone). Various motor and cognitive tests were used to determine sensitivity to isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia. B4galnt1-null mice, which exhibit severe motor deficits due to defects in ganglioside synthesis, showed significant impairments in motor coordination and balance in all motor tests, which were exacerbated by both anesthetics. Cuprizone-treated mice, which mimic the demyelination in B4galnt1-null mice, also showed altered, age-dependent sensitivity to anesthesia. The study showed that older mice exhibited more pronounced deficits, with B4galnt1-null mice showing the greatest susceptibility to sevoflurane. These differential responses to anesthetics suggest that age and underlying myelin pathology significantly influence anesthetic effects.

Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Circadian Rhythms in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Transcatheter Closure

Objective To evaluate the effects of total intravenous anesthesia on the circadian rhythms in the patients undergoing cardiac transcatheter closure. Methods Thirty patients undergoing cardiac transcatheter closure under elective intravenous anesthesia were included in this study.Paired t-tests were performed to compare the mRNA levels of the genes encoding circadian locomotor output cycles kaput(CLOCK),brain and muscle ARNT-1 like protein-1(BMAL1),cryptochrome 1(CRY1),and period circadian clock 2(PER2),the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire(MCTQ)score,and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score before and after anesthesia.Multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed to screen the factors influencing sleep chronotype and PSQI total score one week after surgery. Results The postoperative mRNA level of CLOCK was higher [1.38±1.23 vs.1.90±1.47;MD(95%CI):0.52(0.20-0.84),t=3.327,P=0.002] and the postoperative mRNA levels of CRY1 [1.56±1.50 vs.1.13±0.98;MD(95%CI):-0.43(-0.81--0.05),t=-2.319,P=0.028] and PER2 [0.82±0.63 vs.0.50±0.31;MD(95%CI):-0.33(-0.53--0.12),t=-3.202,P=0.003] were lower than the preoperative levels.One week after surgery,the patients presented advanced sleep chronotype [3:03±0:59 vs.2:42±0:37;MD(95%CI):-21(-40--1),t=-2.172,P=0.038],shortened sleep latency [(67±64)min vs.(37±21)min;MD(95%CI):-30.33(-55.28--5.39),t=-2.487,P=0.019],lengthened sleep duration [(436±83)min vs.(499±83)min;MD(95%CI):62.80(26.93-98.67),t=3.581,P=0.001],increased sleep efficiency [(87.59±10.35)% vs.(92.98±4.27)%;MD(95%CI):5.39(1.21-9.58),t=2.636,P=0.013],decreased sleep quality score [1.13±0.78 vs.0.80±0.71;MD(95%CI):-0.33(-0.62--0.05),t=-2.408,P=0.023],and declined PSQI total score [6.60±3.17 vs.4.03±2.58;MD(95%CI):-2.57(-3.87--1.27),t=-4.039,P<0.001].Body mass index(BMI)(B=-227.460,SE=95.475,t=-2.382,P=0.025),anesthesia duration(B=-47.079,SE=18.506,t=-2.544,P=0.017),and mRNA level of PER2(B=2815.804,SE=1080.183,t=2.607,P=0.015)collectively influenced the sleep chronotype,and the amount of anesthesia medicine(B=0.067,SE=0.028,t=2.385,P=0.024)independently influenced the PSQI one week after surgery. Conclusion Total intravenous anesthesia can improve sleep habits by advancing sleep chronotype.BMI,anesthesia duration,and mRNA level of PER2 collectively influence sleep chronotype one week after surgery.The amount of anesthesia medicine independently influences the PSQI total score one week after surgery.

Effect of Propofol in the Cardiovascular System and its Related Mechanism Research Progress.

Propofol is the most widely used short-acting intravenous anesthetic in clinical practice. Existing studies have shown that propofol has many effects on the cardiovascular system in addition to its anesthetic effect. Propofol can antagonize a variety of tachyarrhythmias and reduce the risk of recurrence, regulate autonomic balance of the heart, modulate circulatory dynamics, thereby increasing blood perfusion to vital organs such as the kidney, intestine, and brain, and exert myocardial protection and cerebral protection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this paper, we review the potential mechanisms of these effects and provide and ideas for future research and novel drug development of propofol and its derivatives in cardiac electrophysiology and circulatory dynamics.

Effect of Oral Gabapentin before Plasmakinetic Resection of the Prostate on Anesthesia Effects in Older Adults with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Retrospective Study.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common chronic disease affecting the health of the urinary system and the quality of life in older adults. Plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) is one of the important surgical procedures for treating BPH; However, older adults may experience anesthesia complications and postoperative pain. This retrospective study aimed to assess the effects of preoperative oral gabapentin on anesthesia outcomes in older adults with BPH undergoing PKRP and to provide detailed clinical evidence for improving the impact of surgical treatment. The medical records of 178 older adults with BPH who underwent PKRP in Tianjin Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. After excluding 18 patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria, 160 patients were finally included in the study. According to preoperative use of gabapentin, patients were divided into the observation group (n = 75, received gabapentin) and the control group (n = 85, did not receive gabapentin). The baseline data, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, postoperative Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS) scores, and incidence of adverse reactions were collected. There were no significant differences observed between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index, prostate volume, surgery duration, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, VAS scores at postoperative 36 hours and 48 hours, and RSS scores at postoperative 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours (p > 0.05). Compared to the control group, the observation group had significantly lower VAS scores at postoperative 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours (p < 0.001), and the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower within 24 hours after surgery (p < 0.05). Preoperative administration of gabapentin before PKRP could reduce pain severity and the incidence of adverse reactions and improve anesthetic effects in older adults with BPH, which is conducive to postoperative recovery.

The way towards ethical anesthesia care: no aim - no game - no fame or blame?

This review explores the intricacies of ethical anesthesia, exploring the necessity for precision anesthesia and its impact on patient-reported outcomes. The primary objective is to advocate for a defined aim, promoting the implementation of rules and feedback systems. The ultimate goal is to enhance precision anesthesia care, ensuring patient safety through the implementation of a teamwork and the integration of feedback mechanisms. Recent strategies in the field of anesthesia have evolved from intraoperative monitorization to a wider perioperative patient-centered precision care. Nonetheless, implementing this approach encounters significant obstacles. The article explores the evidence supporting the need for a defined aim and applicable rules for precision anesthesia's effectiveness. The implementation of the safety culture is underlined. The review delves into the teamwork description with structured feedback systems. Anesthesia is a multifaceted discipline that involves various stakeholders. The primary focus is delivering personalized precision care. This review underscores the importance of establishing clear aims, defined rules, and fostering effective and well tolerated teamwork with accurate feedback for improving patient-reported outcomes. The Safe Brain Initiative approach, emphasizing algorithmic monitoring and systematic follow-up, is crucial in implementing a fundamental and standardized reporting approach within patient-centered anesthesia care practice.

Effect of remimazolam and propofol anesthesia on autonomic nerve activities during Le Fort I osteotomy under general anesthesia: blinded randomized clinical trial.

This study evaluated the effect of remimazolam and propofol on changes in autonomic nerve activity caused by surgical stimulation during orthognathic surgery, using power spectrum analysis of blood pressure variability (BPV) and heart rate variability (HRV), and their respective associations with cardiovascular fluctuations. A total of 34 patients undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy were randomized to the remimazolam (Group R, 17 cases) or propofol (Group P, 17 cases) groups. Observables included the low-frequency component of BPV (BPV LF; index of vasomotor sympathetic nerve activity), high-frequency component of HRV (HRV HF; index of parasympathetic nerve activity), balance index of the low- and high-frequency components of HRV (HRV LF/HF; index of sympathetic nerve activity), heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Four observations were made: (1) baseline, (2) immediately before down-fracture, (3) down-fracture, and (4) 5 min after down-fracture. Data from each observation period were compared using a two-way analysis of variance with a mixed model. A Bonferroni multiple comparison test was performed in the absence of any interaction. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test was performed when a significant interaction was observed between time and group, with P < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Evaluation of autonomic nerve activity in comparison with baseline during down-fracture showed a significant increase in BPV LF (P < 0.001), an increasing trend in HRV LF/HF in Group P, and an increasing trend in HRV HF in Group R. There were no significant differences in HR or SBP between the two groups. During down-fracture of Le Fort I osteotomy, sympathetic nerve activity was predominant with propofol anesthesia, and parasympathetic nerve activity was predominant with remimazolam anesthesia.

Can postanesthetic cold sensibility test be used as a tool for the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molars? – In vivo study

Objectives: The goal of this investigation was to determine the efficiency of a postanesthetic cold test for the detection of pulpal anesthesia to improve diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two participants who showed symptomatic irreversible pulpitis on the mandibular first molar, aged from 18 to 65 years, were given inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB), and subjective anesthetic symptoms were seen after 15 min and were finally assigned for studies. To determine the effectiveness of a postanesthetic cold test for the detection of pulpal anesthesia, the target tooth was separated and Endo-Frost was utilized to conduct a postanesthetic cold sensibility test and was compared to the gold standard test, painful or painless sensation during actual root canal therapy. Of 52 participants, 9 had a positive response to the postanesthetic cold test and 43 had a negative response; 10 responded positively to the gold standard test, whereas 42 gave negative results. Results: The postanesthetic cold sensibility test can diagnose the effectiveness of pulp anesthesia showing a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 97.62%, positive likelihood ratio of 33.6, negative likelihood ratio of 0.2, positive predictive value of 88.89%, negative predictive value of 95.35%, accuracy of 94.23%, and Youden’s index of 0.78. Conclusions: The postanesthetic cold sensibility test can be used as a tool for the efficiency of IANB before starting root canal therapy to minimize pain and anxiety in patients.

Superiority of opioid free anesthesia with regional block over opioid anesthesia with regional block in the quality of recovery after retroperitoneiscopic renal surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Opioids are the main analgesic drugs used in the perioperative period, but they often have various adverse effects. Recent studies have shown that quadratus lumborum block (QLB) has an opioid sparing effect. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the effect of opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) combined with regional block on the quality of recovery in patients undergoing retroperitoneoscopic renal surgery. Sixty patients undergoing elective retroperitoneoscopic renal surgery were divided into the opioid-free anesthesia with quadratus lumborum block group (OFA group, N.=30) and opioid anesthesia with quadratus lumborum block group (OA group, N.=30) using the random number table method. The main outcome measures were the quality of recovery assessed by Quality of Recover-40 (QoR-40) at the 24th postoperative hour. Secondary outcomes were postoperative pain score, postoperative opioid consumption, postoperative nausea and vomiting, time to ambulate, and time to readiness for discharge. The QoR-40 score on the first postoperative day was significantly higher in the OFA group than that in the OA group (175.41±6.74 vs. 165.07±4.55; P<0.05). OFA also significantly reduced postoperative pain (P<0.05) and morphine consumption at both the 24th and 48th postoperative hour (P<0.05), as well as time to ambulate, and time to readiness for discharge (P<0.05). OFA with regional block is superior to opioid anesthesia with regional block in the quality of recovery after retroperitoneiscopic renal surgery.

Microtubule-Stabilizer Epothilone B Delays Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness in Rats.

Volatile anesthetics are currently believed to cause unconsciousness by acting on one or more molecular targets including neural ion channels, receptors, mitochondria, synaptic proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins. Anesthetic gases including isoflurane bind to cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) and dampen their quantum optical effects, potentially contributing to causing unconsciousness. This possibility is supported by the finding that taxane chemotherapy consisting of MT-stabilizing drugs reduces the effectiveness of anesthesia during surgery in human cancer patients. In order to experimentally assess the contribution of MTs as functionally relevant targets of volatile anesthetics, we measured latencies to loss of righting reflex (LORR) under 4% isoflurane in male rats injected subcutaneously with vehicle or 0.75 mg/kg of the brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing drug epothilone B (epoB). EpoB-treated rats took an average of 69 s longer to become unconscious as measured by latency to LORR. This was a statistically significant difference corresponding to a standardized mean difference (Cohen's d) of 1.9, indicating a "large" normalized effect size. The effect could not be accounted for by tolerance from repeated exposure to isoflurane. Our results suggest that binding of the anesthetic gas isoflurane to MTs causes unconsciousness and loss of purposeful behavior in rats (and presumably humans and other animals). This finding is predicted by models that posit consciousness as a property of a quantum physical state of neural MTs.

Pharmacological Insights of Ropivacaine and Clinical Applications: A Narrative Review.

This review focuses on ropivacaine, a long-acting amide local anaesthetic, detailing its pharmacology and clinical applications. The article highlights its applications in providing analgesia, prolonging pain relief, and improving recovery outcomes in surgical settings. Ropivacaine is particularly effective for epidural labor analgesia in obstetrics, promoting stable hemodynamics and rapid onset when used with adjuvants. Its prolonged anesthetic effects reduce the need for postoperative opioids in peripheral nerve blocks. Intrathecal administration may enhance functional recovery and postoperative analgesia in various surgical procedures. While effective in treating acute pain, its role in chronic pain management remains unclear, indicating a need for further research. The review underscores the versatility and efficacy of ropivacaine in acute pain management and the importance of exploring its potential in chronic pain treatment.

Effects of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on the incidence of chronic pain after thoracoscopic lung surgery: A retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveChronic postoperative pain (CPSP) is common after thoracic surgery, even after the less invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). This study investigated the effect of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) on the development of CPSP. MaterialsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent VATS at our center between 2020 and 2022. The enrolled patients were divided into the epidural block (EPI) and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) groups. A telephone questionnaire was used to collect information regarding CPSP, which was defined as a numerical rating scale (VAS) score ≥1 at 3 or 6 months postoperatively. Additionally, statistical analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for CPSP in the two groups. ResultsOverall, 894 patients completed the follow-up interviews at 3 and 6 months, with 325 and 569 patients in the PCIA and EPI groups, respectively. The incidence rates of CPSP in the PCIA group at 3 and 6 months were 16.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 9.3–32.7 %) and 13.5 % (95 % CI: 8.7–33.4 %), and 10.3 % (95 % CI: 8.1–30.5 %) and 3.6 % (95 % CI: 3.5–21.5 %) in EPI group, respectively. The incidence of CPSP at 3 months (P = 0.0048) and 6 months (P < 0.005) was statistically significant in both groups. Age and lymph node dissection were significantly associated with CPSP. ConclusionsCompared to PCIA, TEA was associated with a lower incidence of CPSP after VATS, and should be considered an important part of the analgesia regimen for patients with VATS.

Application of articaine in endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a retrospective study.

To investigate the comparative effects of local anesthesia using lidocaine with adrenaline vs. articaine with adrenaline in endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR). This retrospective study included a total of 180 patients. These patients were categorized into two groups: the lidocaine group, which received 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 adrenaline), and the articaine group, which received 4% articaine (1:100,000 adrenaline) for local anesthesia. The study compared anesthesia efficacy, intraoperative pain levels, intraoperative bleeding, as well as differences in heart rate and blood pressure between the two groups. The articaine group demonstrated a significantly lower visual analog scale (VAS) pain score when compared to the lidocaine group, measuring at 4.4 ± 0.6 cm vs. 5.0 ± 1.0 cm, respectively (P < 0.0001). Additionally, the articaine group exhibited a higher anesthesia efficacy compared to the lidocaine group (89.0% vs. 76.6%, p = 0.0487). Notably, the articaine group experienced less nasal mucosal bleeding during the surgery in contrast to the lidocaine group (p = 0.004). However, there were no statistically significant differences in changes in blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups (p > 0.05). This study demonstrated that 4% articaine (1:100,000 adrenaline) has superior clinical effectiveness in comparison to 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 adrenaline) in EN-DCR.

Comparison of the effects of general anesthesia between remimazolam and propofol in pediatric patients undergoing binocular strabismus day surgery

Objective: To compare the effects of general anesthesia between remimazolam and propofol in pediatric patients undergoing binocular strabismus day surgery. Methods: Prospectively, 60 pediatric patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ, scheduled to undergo binocular strabismus daytime surgery in Beijing Tongren Hospital under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway from December 2021 to May 2022 were selected. They were randomly divided into Remimazolam group and Propofol group with 30 cases in each group, according to the ratio of 1∶1 by SPSS program. Patients in Remimazolam group were induced by remimazolam, remifentanil and micuronium chloride, and maintained by remimazolam and remifentanil. Patients in Propofol group were induced by propofol, remifentanil and micuronium chloride, and maintained by propofol and remifentanil. Patients in Remimazolam group were given 0.1 mg of flumazenil for antagonism 3 minutes after operation, while children in Propofol group waited for natural awakening. The primary outcome was the time from drug withdrawal to laryngeal mask removal after operation. The secondary outcomes included the time for consciousness loss during induction, intraoperative hemodynamic data [mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate], the success rate of sedation, the awareness rate during operation, and the incidence of adverse events after admission to postanesthesia care unit(PACU). Results: The Remimazolam group included 12 males and 18 females, aged (5.0±1.4) years. There were 14 males and 16 females in the Propofol group, aged (5.3±1.3) years. The time from drug withdrawal to laryngeal mask removal in Remimazolam group was (6.5±1.2) min, which was shorter than that in Propofol group of (10.7±1.9) min (P<0.001). The time for consciousness loss during induction was (38.1±4.8) s in Remimazolam group, which was longer than that in Propofol group of (31.6±4.9) s (P<0.001). The variability of MAP and heart rate of patients during operation in Remimazolam group was lower than that in Propofol group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in sedation success rate, intraoperative awareness and adverse reactions in PACU between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: In pediatric patients with binocular strabismus during daytime surgery, general anesthesia with remimazolam can shorten the time from drug withdrawal to laryngeal mask removal after operation without increasing the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions and can provide more stable hemodynamics.

Effect of anesthesia on the success rate of external cephalic version: GRADE- assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundExternal cephalic version (ECV) is a medical procedure in which an extracorporeal manipulation is performed to render the breech presentation (BP) fetus in the cephalic position. The use of anesthesia to facilitate repositioning has been evaluated in various randomized clinical trials (RCTs), but its potential effectiveness remains controversial.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out in 8 electronic databases. In the meta-analysis, a random effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), and the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% CI, in order to systematically assess the effect of anesthesia on the success rates of ECV, vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery as well as other outcomes. Relevant subgroup analyses, publication bias test and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.ResultsThis review included 17 RCTs. Women who received anesthesia had a significantly higher incidence of successful ECV (RR: 1.37, 95% CIs: 1.19-1.58) and vaginal delivery (RR: 1.23, 95% CIs: 1.03-1.47), and a significantly lower incidence of cesarean delivery (RR: 0.69, 95% CIs: 0.53-0.91), compared with those who did not.ConclusionThe administration of anesthesia not only significantly reduces maternal pain but also significantly increases the success rate of ECV in women with malpresentation at term, leading to a significant rise in the incidence of vaginal delivery. However, it may increase the incidence of maternal hypotension.Systematic review registrationThe protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO, registration CRD42022381552.

Fresh Carrier for an Old Topical Local Anesthetic: Benzocaine in Nanostructured Lipid Carriers.

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have emerged as innovative drug delivery systems, offering distinct advantages over other lipid-based carriers, such as liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. Benzocaine (BZC), the oldest topical local anesthetic in use, undergoes metabolism by pseudocholinesterase, leading to the formation of p-aminobenzoic acid, a causative agent for allergic reactions associated with prolonged BZC usage. In order to mitigate adverse effects and enhance bioavailability, BZC was encapsulated within NLC. Utilizing a 23 factorial design, formulations comprising cetyl palmitate (solid lipid), propylene glycol monocaprylate (liquid lipid), and Pluronic F68 as surfactants were systematically prepared, with variations in the solid/liquid lipid mass ratios (60:40-80:20%), total lipid contents (15-25%), and BZC concentrations (1-3%). The optimized formulation underwent characterization by dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, Raman imaging, X-ray diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering, nanotracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/cryo-TEM, providing insights into the nanoparticle structure and the incorporation of BZC into its lipid matrix. NLCBZC exhibited a noteworthy encapsulation efficiency (%EE = 96%) and a 1 year stability when stored at 25 °C. In vitro kinetic studies and in vivo antinociceptive tests conducted in mice revealed that NLCBZC effectively sustained drug release for over 20 h and prolonged the anesthetic effect of BZC for up to 18 h. We therefore propose the use of NLCBZC to diminish the effective anesthetic concentration of benzocaine (from 20 to 3% or less), thus minimizing allergic reactions that follow the topical administration of this anesthetic and, potentially, paving the way for new routes of BZC administration in pain management.

Involvement of selected circulating ncRNAs in the regulation of cognitive dysfunction induced by anesthesia

Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) refers to the functional impairment of the nervous system caused by prolonged exposure to anesthetics. It is known that prolonged exposure to anesthetics may increase the risk for the development of several cognitive impairments. The drugs used to induce general anesthesia are generally safe, owing to the CNS’s direct and/or indirect self-protective activity against drug-induced damages. Non-coding RNAs have recently started to gain attention to better understand the mechanism of gene regulation correlated to cellular physiology and pathology. In order to provide new insights for the neuroprotective function of highly expressed ncRNAs in the central nervous system, we investigated their expression profile in the circulating exosomes of patients exposed to anesthesia vs healthy controls. The experimental design envisaged the recruitment of 30 adult patients undergoing general anesthesia and healthy controls. The effects of anesthetics have been evaluated on miR-34a and miR-124, on the lncRNAs MALAT-1, HOTAIR, GAS5, BLACAT1, HULC, PANDA, and on YRNAs. NcRNAs miR-34a, miR-124, MALAT-1, HOTAIR, GAS5, BLACAT1, and YRNA1 are significantly overexpressed following anesthesia, while YRNA5 is significantly down regulated. Some of them have neuroprotective function, while other correlate with neurological dysfunctions. Our data suggests that, during anesthesia, the toxic action of some non-coding RNAs could be compensated by other non-coding RNAs, both synthesized by the CNS or also transported into neurons from other tissues. It is reasonable to suppose a mutual action of these molecules likely to secure the CNS from anesthetics, that drive a convoluted cascade of ncRNA-dependent biological counter-responses. Our findings are novel in the field of brain dysfunction, indicating that some of the analyzed ncRNAs, although several of their functions still need to be addressed, could be suggested as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in post-operative cognitive dysfunction-related processes.

Efficacy of clove oil and rosewood oil as anesthetics on goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Anesthetics have an essential role in aquaculture operations because they minimize physical injury during various handling practices such as sampling, weighing, length measurement and tagging, which decreases stress on fish. Many fish farmers are involved in using alternative fish anesthetic agents with minimal side effects to life such as herbal essential oils. This study aims at investigating the efficacy of clove oil and rosewood oil as anesthetics on goldfish Carassius auratus. Anesthesia effect of both oils was tested in six different concentrations (i.e., 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mg/l of water) on ten fish between 6–25 g weight and 9–14 cm length. The efficacy of both oils was assessed on the basis of the fish behavior. The induction time (min) was assessed by loss of swimming (LS), partial loss of equilibrium (PLE), final loss of equilibrium (FLE), and medullar collapse (Mc). The fish were observed for balance and response to a tactile stimulus in each treatment. Both clove oil and rosewood oil contributed well as anesthetics as they caused loss of equilibrium and swimming ability in the goldfish. In contrast, clove oil generated more rapid induction, prolonged recovery, and a narrow margin of safety. Fish farmers should use natural and environment friendly anesthetic agents instead of chemical ones, as they may alter negatively the growth and health of fish.

The TWIK-related acid sensitive potassium 3 (TASK-3) channel contributes to the different effects of anesthetics on the growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells

Different anesthetics exert different effects on the long-term outcomes of various cancers. The TWIK-related acid sensitive potassium 3 (TASK-3) channel is an important target of anesthetics and is upregulated in various cancers. However, the role and underlying mechanism of TASK-3 channel in the effects of anesthetics on ovarian cancer remain unknown. Here, we tested whether the TASK-3 channel contributes to the effects of anesthetics on ovarian cancers. We found that the TASK-3 channel was overexpressed in human ovarian cancer and ovarian cancer cell lines. Clinically relevant concentrations of lidocaine, as a TASK-3 channel inhibitor, exert inhibitory effects on tumor growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas the TASK-3 channel potent activator sevoflurane had protumor effects and propofol had no significant effects on tumor growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Knockdown of the TASK-3 channel by TASK-3 shRNA attenuated the effects of lidocaine and sevoflurane. Moreover, mitochondrial TASK-3 channel contributes to the effects of lidocaine and sevoflurane on the mitochondrial functions of ovarian cancer. Taken together, the TASK-3 channel, especially the mitochondrial TASK-3 (MitoTASK-3) channel, is a molecular substrate for the effects of lidocaine and sevoflurane on the tumor growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer.

Experiencing anesthesia and surgery early in life impairs cognitive and behavioral development.

The impact of anesthesia and surgery on neurocognitive and behavioral development in infants and children remains inadequately understood. To investigate the impact of early-life exposure to general anesthesia and surgery on cognitive and behavioral development. Children aged 0-3 years who underwent general anesthesia and surgical procedures between 2012 and 2015 were included. The cognitive and behavioral development of these children at ages 4-6 years was assessed. Age-, race-, and gender-matched children from the same geographic region, who did not undergo general anesthesia or surgery, served as the control group. The Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) was used to evaluate children's total intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and specific cognitive domains. The Gesell Development Schedules (GSCH) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were employed to assess behavioral and personality development. Additionally, the study analyzed the effects of various factors including anesthesia drugs, surgery duration, number of surgeries, age, weight, ethnicity, and gender on postoperative neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes. The study included 447 children with anesthesia/surgical exposure (AS) and 459 children in the control group. Analysis of cognitive and behavioral development showed a significant difference in the working memory index (WMI) between the AS and control groups (p < 0.05). Exploratory findings indicated that children administered remifentanil exhibited lower developmental quotient (DQ) values, whereas those given fentanyl showed higher (worse) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) total scores. Moreover, increased anesthesia/surgical exposures, younger age and lower body weight at exposure, and longer surgery durations were associated with cognitive and behavioral developmental challenges. This study examined the impact of early-life exposure to surgery and anesthesia on postoperative cognitive and behavioral development. Findings indicate that higher frequency of exposure to surgery and anesthesia, younger age, and lower body weight at exposure could negatively influence cognitive and behavioral development. Furthermore, variations in the effects of different anesthetics on behavior and cognition were observed. Caution is advised regarding the use of opioid analgesics such as remifentanil and fentanyl for more rigorous clinical applications.

Freezing-induced anaesthesia in Cornu aspersum (Müller 1774): a potential method

ABSTRACT A convenient and acceptable method of anaesthetisation is still unresolved in gastropods, particularly Cornu aspersum. The aim of this study was to determine the anaesthetic effects of freezing at −20°C for different periods, including 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min on C. aspersum. Following cold treatments, the snails were checked for anaesthesia and recovery behaviours using a 5-score evaluation based on the responses at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, 1440 and 2880 min. The responses evaluated were reflex, movement, mucus secretion and survival. The results showed that 60 min of cold exposure was stressful and that longer periods of freezing than this treatment were lethal for C. aspersum. The results indicate that the optimum duration of freezing for a desired anaesthesia evaluated based on the reflex and movement responses is 10 min.