Anemic Red Blood Cells Research Articles

Aplikasi self-organizing mapping sebagai alat deteksi anemia pada citra sel darah merah

Application of self-organizing mapping as anemia detection using an image of red blood cellsBackground: Anemia is a nutritional problem characterized by changes in blood cell size, especially in microcytic or macrocytic anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is included in hypochromic microcytic anemia because it has a smaller than normal size red blood cell and has a lower than normal hemoglobin (Hb) arising from reduced supply of iron for erythropoiesis (cell maturation process red blood). Analysis based on red blood cell image is a tool to detect anemia using technology applications. Self-organizing mapping (SOM) is one of the artificial neural networks by dividing the input pattern into several groups, so the network output is in the form of groups that are most similar to the input.Objective: To measure the accuracy of SOM for detecting the size of red blood cells in anemia condition.Methods: The type of research was an observational laboratory. The study was conducted at the Electrobiomedical Laboratory of Universitas Respati Yogyakarta from January to August 2018. The sample consisted of anemia and non-anemia red blood cells which had been tested in a laboratory of 92 blood preparations. Stage of measuring red blood cells consisted of pre-processing (cropping, gray scaling, contrast enhancement, and screening), segmentation, feature extraction, and image identification with SOM. The image identification results were concluded by calculating the accuracy of the anemia detection system based on laboratory examination results.Results: The characteristic that distinguishes anemia and non-anemia was in the size of red blood cells. Anemic red blood cells had different pixel intensities than non-anemic red blood cells. The image of non-anemia red blood cells had a full round or oval image. From as many as 92 detections of blood images, five blood images were not by the target results of laboratory tests. The accuracy achieved by the system was 94.57%.Conclusions: The accuracy value of anemia detection using SOM can be used to identify the type of anemia based on red blood cell size.

The development of charge detection-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry driven by rectangular and triangular waves

In this article, the charge detection quadrupole mass spectrometry (CD-ITMS) driven by rectangular and triangular waveforms (rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS) was developed for the characterization of microparticles. Since the frequency scan of rectangular and triangular waveform could be realized easier than that of sinusoidal waveform, this research intends to provide simpler operation modes for CD-ITMS. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS, the discharge onset voltage, ejection point of analyzed particles, and the achieved mass resolution were analyzed and compared with the case in conventional sinusoidal CD-ITMS (sin-CD-ITMS). The results indicated that the rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS can work well for the mass measurement of microparticles by using frequency scan. Identical mass resolutions were achieved under the same root mean square (RMS) voltage of different waveforms. The mass resolution was further improved by increasing the applied voltage and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of charge detector. Moreover, the rect-CD-ITMS and tri-CD-ITMS were applied to characterize red blood cells (RBCs). According to the obtained mean masses and mass distributions, normal and anemic RBCs were distinguished successfully.

The inhibition of the uptake of radiophosphate in normal and sickle anemic red blood cells

Through the use of P 32 a coefficient of transfer and a coefficient of inhibition of transfer are defined precisely for the transport of phosphate into the human red blood cell. The method is applied to a study of the inhibitory effect of sodium fluoride on the uptake of radiophosphate by sickle cell red blood cells. The data reveal that there may be an instrinsic quality in the sickle cell which is different in the normal cell since the rate of transfer of phosphate in the sickle cell is the same with or without sodium fluoride while transport is the normal red blood cell is strongly inhibited by fluoride.