Andropogon Bicornis Research Articles

Towards an ecological classification of flooded savannas in Beni (Bolivia)

Two main types of flooded savannas are identified in Beni, one of the most extensive areas of flooded savannas in the Neotropics: the floodable savannas of the bajíos and the floodable savannas of the semi-uplands. Independent classification methods done for both floristic inventories and soil sampling show a strong relationship between the content and availability of exchangeable bases in the soils and floristic composition of the plant communities. The grassy savannas on mesotrophic substrates which are rich particularly in Mg and Ca are characterized floristically by Thevetia amazónica and Acroceras zizanioides. On base—poor substrates, the floodable grassy savannas, as well as the tajibo savanna, are best represented floristically by Andropogon bicornis and Coelorachis aurita. A CCA carried out on this type of savannas revealed a primary distribution pattern of the plant communities along an Fe gradient, which can also be explained as a gradient of the duration of the flooding period.

Plantas infestantes hospedeiras de Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em áreas de cultivo de arroz irrigado

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki) is an insect of world-wide distribution that damages irrigated rice. From September, 2004 to February, 2005, nymphs and adults of this aphid were collected in several host weeds of rice farms in Alegrete, Quaraí and Uruguaiana, located in Western of State of Rio Grande do Sul, and Restinga Seca, in Central region of this State, Brazil. The insect was found in the root of Andropogon bicornis (West Indian foxtail), Echinochloa colona (jungle rice), Oryza sativa (volunteer rice and red-rice), Paspalum sp. (paspalum) and Soliva pterosperma (lawn burweed).

Genomic relationships among diploid and hexaploid species of Andropogon (Poaceae)

Andropogon is a pantropical grass genus comprising 100-120 species and found mainly in the grasslands of Africa and the Americas. While the genomic relationships between many Andropogon species have been resolved by studying chromosome behavior in interspecific hybrids, relationships between the North and South American diploids have remained elusive. Further, the genome composition of two hexaploid species (including the important forage grass Andropogon lateralis Nees) has been unclear because of the strong hybridization barriers that exist between species. Consequently, genomic in situ hybridization was applied to shed light on these issues. The results confirmed that (i) both the South American (Andropogon selloanus (Hack.) Hack., Andropogon macrothrix Trin.) and North American (Andropogon gyrans Michx.) diploid species shared a common S genome and (ii) the S genome comprises just one of the three genomes in the hexaploids A. lateralis Nees and Andropogon bicornis L. The evolutionary and taxonomic implications of these findings are discussed.

Características de sementes de gramíneas nativas do cerrado

Avaliaram-se características de sementes de 22 espécies de gramíneas nativas do cerrado, como: ocorrência de esterilidade, massa de sementes cheias e vazias, possibilidade de ventilação e quantidade de sementes por peso. As espécies dos gêneros Aristida, Ctenium, Diectiomis e Schizachyrium apresentaram os maiores índices de espiguetas férteis (superior a 50%), enquanto as dos gêneros Andropogon e Hypogynium apresentaram valores intermediários (25-49%); em Paspalum, Setaria e Thrazya, a ocorrência de espiguetas férteis foi baixa (5-24%), e em Axonopus, muito baixa (inferior a 5%). O número médio de sementes cheias por grama variou de 20 em Paspalum reduncum a quase 3.000 em Aristida gibbosa; esta informação é importante na determinação da taxa de semeadura. As espécies consideradas palhentas, a respeito das quais recomenda-se o uso de desaristadores no beneficiamento, são as seguintes: Andropogon bicornis, Andropogon selloanus, Aristida gibbosa, Aristida recurvata, Aristida setifolia, Aristida torta, Ctenium cirrhosum, Diectiomis fastigiata, Hypogynium virgatum, Paspalum pectinatum, Paspalum polyphilum, Paspalum splendens, Paspalum stellatum e Schizachyrium microstachyum. As espécies classificadas como não palhentas, para as quais pode-se recomendar a ventilação, são: Axonopus barbigerus, Axonopus canescens, Paspalum gardnerianum, Paspalum pilosum, Paspalum reduncum, Paspalum trichostomum, Setaria geniculata e Thrasya glaziovii.

The chemical composition of some aquatic macrophyte species and implications for the metabolism of a tropical lacustrine ecosystem — Lobo Reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil

The concentration of nutrients in Nymphoides indica (L.) O. Kuntze, Pontederia cordata L., Andropogon bicornis L. and Utricularia breviscapa Griseb was analyzed at monthly intervals from January 1980 through February 1981. The macrophytes strongly influenced the organic nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the water, mainly in those months of intense plant decomposition after a dry period. The monthly changes in chemical composition of the macrophytes and in water are discussed.

Uma comunidade sucessional dominada por Pteridium aquilinum ( L.) Kuhn. no município de Lavras, estado de Minas Gerais

Numa área situada no município de Lavras, MG, o desmatamento realizado há cerca de dez anos propiciou a formação de uma comunidade infestante dominada por Pteridium aquilium (L.) Khun., te ndo como codominantes Imperara brasiliensis Trin. e Andropogon bicornis L.. Como fatores que mantém esta comu nidade devem ser considerados: a) as queimadas intermiten te s; b) a acidez do solo; c) a alta percentagem de saturação de aluminio ; d) a ação fitotóxica do próprio P. aquilinum; e) a falta de palatabilidade das espécies dominantes.