Andean History Research Articles

Social and Economic Reform in Ecuador: Life and Work in Guayaquil.

Pineo's work on the urban social history of Guayaquil not only breaks virgin territory as far as Ecuadorian history is concerned, it also constitutes one of the few such urban social histories for the period in Latin American historiography. While we have comparable works for Brazil, Chile, and Argentina, we have none for Peru or the other Andean countries nor any that emphasizes the public health or medical dimensions of urban underdevelopment.--Peter Klaren, George Washington University A pioneering study which fills an important gap in the social and economic history of Ecuador. . . . An admirable contribution to urban social history in Latin America.--John Martz, Penn State University This book examines the dynamic tension between Latin America's rising primary product export trade during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the concomitant heightened social strains of rapid urbanization. It offers a fresh look at one of the most central modern historical issues--the difficult process of urban social reform. In a departure from previous investigations into the history of Latin American urbanization, the author rejects the assumptions of the existing historiography (which has tended to impose economic, social, and political patterns from a few large cities on smaller ones), finding that smaller cities without economic and trade advantages can less afford the costs of reform. This study takes as its example Guayaquil, Ecuador, a nonindustrial, nonprimate city, and examines the daily experiences of ordinary women and men, rich and poor, considering the conditions they confront and their struggles--both individual and sometimes collective--to improve their lives. In addition, it analyzes the forces that have shaped the pattern of political reform in Guayaquil and provides a comparative discussion of the process of urban social reform across Latin America. This study will be valuable to historians and social scientists interested in Latin American social history, urbanization, and Andean history. Ronn F. Pineo is assistant professor of history at Towson State University, Towson, Maryland. He has published articles in Hispanic American Historical REview and Latin American Perspectives and has contributed numerous entries on Ecuador for the forthcoming Encyclopedia of Latin American History.

The Chicken in Andean History and Myth: The Quechua Concept of Wallpa

The Quechua concept wallpa refers to the chicken, to the experience of the Spanish Conquest, and to prehispanic notions of power and authority. Ethnohistorical, lexical, and ethnographic evidence is used to decipher the puzzle of how a word for a European import can symbolize precolonial structures and concepts. This evidence indicates that concepts are juxtaposed in a process that transforms particular historical events into markers punctuating time. Events with similar consequences or analogous structure become telescoped and placed together side by side. Native people interpret their experiences of daily life and of unusual and dramatic events in terms of their received categories. The content of their categories and the relationships among them are shaped and transformed in the course of practical engagement. The intertwined processes of change and continuity occur simultaneously, resulting in a familiar yet new topography of cultural order. Thus, myth and history are not opposed to, but rather feed each other actively in the Andean world. Quechua concepts of time and linguistic categories continue to confound and bedevil scholars' attempts to sort out the autochthonous foundations of Andean social organization from post-conquest introductions. Final resolution of these problems is probably impossible, but we can use the vital oral traditions among contemporary Quechua speakers, travelogues, chronicles, and administrative documents from the colonial period, and the archaeological record to isolate possible definitions for particularly crucial or revealing categories of thought. Wallpa, the chicken, is one such category; it refers to an animal imported from Europe but is laden with multiple and complex connotations that evidently predate the arrival of the Spaniards. This paradox impelled early chroniclers, among them Acosta (I977 [I590]), Cobo (I956 [I653]), Garcilaso de la Vega (I960 [I609]) and Santacruz Pachacuti (I968 [I6I3]), to engage in convoluted arguments on how the Quechua word wallpa came to denote the chicken. I will show in this article that the QuechuaEthnohistory 34:2 (Spring I987). Copyright ? by the American Society for Ethnohistory. ccc ooI4-I80I/87/$I.50. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.58 on Sat, 17 Sep 2016 04:44:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

"Research Guide to Andean History: Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru", ed. J. J. Tepaske (Book Review)

"Research Guide to Andean History: Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru", ed. J. J. Tepaske (Book Review)

Research Guide to Andean History: Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru

Research Guide to Andean History: Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru

Research Guide to Andean History: Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru.

Research Guide to Andean History: Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru.

Research Guide to Andean History: Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru. Edited by John J. TePaske. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1981. Pp. xiii, 346. $18.75 cloth.

Research Guide to Andean History: Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru. Edited by John J. TePaske. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1981. Pp. xiii, 346. $18.75 cloth.

Research Guide to Andean History. Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru. Edited by John J. TePaske. (Durham: Duke University, 1981. Pp. xiii, 334. $18.75.)

Research Guide to Andean History. Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru. Edited by John J. TePaske. (Durham: Duke University, 1981. Pp. xiii, 334. $18.75.)