Ancylostoma Caninum In Dogs Research Articles

Mono- and Mixed Invasions of Socially Dangerous Nematodes toxocara Canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Dogs in Rural and Urban Settlements in the Region North Caucasus and the Results of Tests Against them of New Drugs

Mono- and Mixed Invasions of Socially Dangerous Nematodes toxocara Canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Dogs in Rural and Urban Settlements in the Region North Caucasus and the Results of Tests Against them of New Drugs

Clinical Effects of Mixed Infection of Trypanosomes and Ancylostoma caninum in Dogs and Treatment with Diminazene and Mebendazole (Nigeria)

Clinical Effects of Mixed Infection of Trypanosomes and Ancylostoma caninum in Dogs and Treatment with Diminazene and Mebendazole (Nigeria)

Parasitological and hematological aspects of co-infection with Angiostrongylus vasorum and Ancylostoma caninum in dogs

Dogs are frequently infected by one or more species of endoparasites, which can lead to secondary infections that cause high morbidity and death. In this context, 2 nematode species are of veterinary importance: Angiostrongylus vasorum, which is a parasite of the pulmonary artery and right ventricle in domestic and wild canids, and Ancylostoma caninum, which is a parasite of the small intestine in felids and domestic and wild canids. We used 20 mongrel dogs that were divided into groups and infected as follows: Group A included 5 uninfected dogs, Group B included 5 dogs infected with A. vasorum, Group C included 5 dogs infected with A. caninum, and Group D included 5 dogs co-infected with A. vasorum and A. caninum. Parasitological and hematological monitoring were performed. The counts of larvae and eggs shed in the feces varied throughout the collection period. Moreover, negativation was not observed in any of the infected groups. The animals in Group C had macrocytic and hypochromic anemia, whereas the animals in Group D had macrocytic and normochromic anemia. Infected dogs also presented with eosinophilia and lymphocytosis. These data from coproparasitological techniques provide an improved assessment of disease severity and a more thorough understanding of parasitism in the host.

Ancylostoma caninum: Calibration and comparison of diagnostic accuracy of flotation in tube, McMaster and FLOTAC in faecal samples of dogs

We performed a calibration of flotation in tube, McMaster and FLOTAC to determine the optimal flotation solution (FS) and the influence of faecal preservation for the diagnosis of Ancylostoma caninum in dogs, and compared the accuracy of the three copromicroscopic techniques. Among nine different FS, sodium chloride and sodium nitrate performed best for detection and quantification of A. caninum eggs. Faecal samples, either fresh or preserved in formalin 5%, resulted in higher A. caninum egg counts, compared to frozen samples or preserved in formalin 10% or sodium acetate–acetic acid–formalin. FLOTAC consistently resulted in higher A. caninum eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and lower coefficient of variation (CV) than McMaster and flotation in tube. The best results in terms of mean faecal egg counts (highest value, i.e. 117.0EPG) and CV (lowest value, i.e. 4.8%) were obtained with FLOTAC using sodium chloride and faecal samples preserved in formalin 5%. Our findings suggest that the FLOTAC technique should be considered for the diagnosis of A. caninum in dogs.

In vivo activities of the new anthelmintic depsipeptide PF 1022A.

PF 1022A is a member of a new class of cyclic depsipeptides with antiparasitic activity. Following in vitro and laboratory animal studies it was tested for its anthelmintic efficacy in companion and livestock animals against a wide spectrum of intestinal nematodes and lungworms. Studies were carried out in rats, dogs, horses, sheep, and cattle. Animals were either naturally or experimentally infested. The efficacy of PF 1022A was investigated against the following parasite species: Strongyloides ratti and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats, Ancylostoma caninum in dogs, small strongyles (cyathostomes) in horses, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus in sheep, and Dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle. Doses varied from 1 to 10 mg/kg body weight for oral, subcutaneous or intravenous application in companion and livestock animals. High degrees of efficacy were found in all the above-cited examinations, and no clinical signs of intolerability were observed.

Infectivity of Ancylostoma caninum in dogs by different routes of inoculation

Infectivity of A. caninum in dogs inoculated with 500 larvae by different routes (percutaneous, subcutaneous, intravenous, per os, through a stomach tube and foot pad) was studied by ascertaining the worm burden at necropsy 21–27 post-infection. Infection through foot-pads yielded tha maximum number of worms. The percentage of worm establishment using foot-pad inoculation was 73.8%, followed by subcutaneous (49.0%), percutaneous (45.0%) and per os (35.0%) routes. These results show that active penetration of the larvae through skin and particularly foot-pad is the most favourable mode of infection of dogs.

Anthelmintic Activity of Closantel against Ancylostoma caninum in Dogs

The efficacy and minimum therapeutic dose of closantel, an injectable salicylanilide anthelmintic, was evaluated on adult Ancylostoma caninum. Doses of 7.5 and 10 mg/kg had a marked anthelmintic effect on adult stages, removing 99 and 98%, respectively. A second experiment tested the efficacy of closantel against hypobiotic larval stages of A. caninum. A dose of 20 mg/kg did not affect the abundance of arrested hookworm larvae or prevent their subsequent development, but it may have inhibited their full maturation as adult worms so that patent, intestinal infections did not occur. Small numbers of adults were recovered from treated dogs at 29, 43, and 57 days post-treatment, but no eggs were passed in their feces. These studies bear on the practical problem of control of hookworms in dogs.

A Critical Test of Morantel Pamoate against Ancylostoma caninumin Dogs

A critical test of morantel pamoate was carried out in 6 dogs artificially infected withAncylostoma caninum. The drug was 97% effective in removing worms at a dosage of 12.5 mg./kg. salt and 91% effective at 6 mg./kg. Corresponding reduction of faecal egg count was 95 and 96% respectively.

Bephenium, a New Drug Active against Human Hookworm

Hookworm (Necator americanus) infections in mental patients constitute a severe problem in many areas because of their severity and the difficulty of effective treatment. The drugs in common use against hookworms ordinarily give poor results with such patients. For a number of years, a search for better drugs has been carried on at this hospital. Recently a preliminary report indicated that bephenium, the generic name of a new series of compounds, i.e., the 2-phenoxyethylammonium salts, was active against certain nematodes, especially the mucosa-dwelling species, parasitic in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals (Copp, Standen, et al, 1958). Burrows (1958) obtained 99.4% clearance of Ancylostoma caninum in dogs and cats using 2-phenoxyethylammonium salts in single doses greater than 20 mgm/kg. Single doses of 20 mgm/kg or less produced results almost as good. The chemical name of the drug used in the current experiments is N-benzyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-2-phenoxyethylammonium chloride. It was furnished to us by Burroughs-Wellcome as B.W.300C55 with the following pharmacological information: The drug apparently is not well absorbed from the intestine since in mice the LD-50 for the chloride, intraperitoneal, is 72 mgm/kg but about 1,000 mgm/kg when the drug is given orally. Rats dosed orally with 500 mgm/kg of the embonate for 9 weeks showed no hematological changes or histological evidence of toxicity. Monkeys given 317 mgm/kg of the chloride and 500 mgm/kg of the hydroxynaphthoate and embonate 5 days a week for 5 weeks showed no significant abnormality in the tissues. When given intravenously the effects of the drug are markedly increased. It produces brief falls in the blood pressure of cats or dogs. Small doses, 0.25 mgm/kg, prolong the action of epinephrine; large doses block the pressor effect. The drug produces some ganglionic blockade and causes a bradycardia. Intense mydriasis was observed in cats, and dogs exhibited salivation and diarrhea. Possible central action is indicated by emetic effects in dogs and respiratory failure. In lethal ranges this appears to be the cause of death. In view of the various studies it appeared justified to test the chloride salt against human hookworm at doses of 20 mgm/kg given orally. The patients were white female inmates of a mental hospital who were selected because they were known to have moderate to heavy hookworm infections. The density of the worm eggs in the feces was determined by the Stoll method, 2 deter-

Intra-Uterine Infection withAncylostoma Caninumin Dogs

"Intra-Uterine Infection with Ancylostoma Caninum in Dogs." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 16(4), pp. 353–354