Ancient Science Research Articles

Comparative Study of Air Pollution with Ayurveda and its Management

Background Environmental pollution is increasing day by day and imposing severe and irreversible damage to the world. Air pollution is one of the biggest threats for the environment and affecting humans, animals, crops, cities, forests, aquatic ecosystems. Environmental Toxicology is the science concerned with study of harmful effects of various chemical, biological and physical agents on living organisms. In Ayurveda Charakacharya has briefly described the environmental health in chapter named Janpadodhvansaniyavimanam. Ayurveda has a dedicated branch called Agadatantra which deals with the toxicological aspects of living entities of environment. Aims and objectives We aim to relate and validate this knowledge pertaining to the air pollution. Material and method the references available regarding the air pollution in classical texts were studied and compared with the available information in the contemporary medical literatures. Signs of air pollution given in the text compared and studied with signs of Air pollution. Discussion Ayurveda terms of Vikrut and Prakrut Vayu described in Granthas are found to be relatable with contemporary findings. Conclusion Air pollution described in Ayurveda are very precise and explanatory. Management of air pollution with this ancient science are the new open windows for healthy air breathing for every living organism.

Effect of Bilvapatra Lepa (Aegle Marmelos) over unknown insect bite Poisoning - A Single Case Study

Ayurveda is the ancient science of life, has eight branches. According to Ayurved there are two main types of poison – Natural and Artificial. Natural poison is of two types – Sthavar and Jangam. (1) Danstrachikita is a Ayurveda toxicology branch. Insect bite is comes under Jangam Visha. A 9 year boy, while playing cricket affect with unknown insect bite complying of itching, swelling, redness and burning pain over upper back region. He was treated by local application of Bilvapatra Lepa (Aegle marmelos). Aegle marmelos is one of the important plants which have medicinal as well as other properties. This study shows that external application of Bilvapatra Lepa is effective in the treatment of unknown insect bite (Kitakadansha)

The Agnikarma(~Cauterization) - A Mastery Procedure in Susruta Samhitha.

Ayurveda is the ancient science of human civilization. Sushruta Samhita is the most important literature in surgery. Maharshi Sushruta, known as the father of surgery has also explained the Para-surgical procedures in different diseases among them Agnikarma as the greatest/superior curative treatment to avoid recurrence. We can observe Susruta has explained in detail the importance of Agnikarma, varieties, and criteria of successful cauterization, specific sites, indications, patterns, and pre and post-cautery management. Agnikarma has its Ushna Guna and Sookshma Guna it pacifies the vata and Kapha and burns the unwanted tissue done by the different materials such as Shalaka (gold, silver, panchadhatu, etc), Ajashakrut, Godanta, Madhu, Guda, Sneha (oil, Ghrita). In the present study humble attempt was made for Ayurvedic surgical practice. This study concludes that Agnikarma(cauterization) is a very effective and simple, non-occurrence and minimal invasive procedure able to be conducted at the Out Patient Department(OPD) level.

Anticipating tomorrow: Future trends and predictions in Ayurveda entrepreneurship

The ancient Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, is causing a ripple effect of entrepreneurial opportunities, where the application of traditional knowledge becomes synced with modern business strategies. This article informs readers about the future path and predictions of entrepreneurship in Ayurveda. Factors are discussed which would shape the future. This is being driven largely by the increasing consumer demand for products that are more natural and holistic in the health solutions they provide; the COVID-19 pandemic is an added impetus to the appeal of immunity-boosting Ayurvedic products. Innovations in the area of technological advancements are seen globally in general and within domains of digital health platforms and artificial intelligence, which is fundamentally changing the practice of Ayurveda from a person-centric healing approach to one that is available globally. Innovations are of prime importance in meeting contemporary customer expectations and increasing the impact of the treatment given through Ayurveda. Another important factor of support is from the governmental side through regulatory support, especially the Indian government. The Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and Homeopathy) in India has provided every needed support in promoting research in Ayurveda, its standardization, and the quality and safety of the products. These situations are necessary regulatory frameworks that would build consumer trust and facilitate global acceptance. There is also a growing concern for sustainability and ethics in practices. There is, however, a sea change with the increasing number of entrepreneurs who have adopted eco-friendly sourcing methods and fair trade practices in an effort to make their business models indelibly associated with Ayurveda’s core principles: human beings living in harmony and perfect balance with the rest of nature. The Ayurvedic products and services market is expected to grow manifold with new product developments and growing demand from global consumers increasingly focusing on products broadly categorized under “holistic wellness.” Market expansion, hence, allows several opportunities for entrepreneurs to develop new markets and new product offerings that can cater to the perceived health needs of a broad customer base. With growth and development come challenges such as regulatory roadblocks, market competition, and consumer distrust, which are issues that need to be coped with for sustained business growth. This effectively closes the general outline for the future of Ayurveda entrepreneurship on a trajectory of growth that is both vibrant and sustainable, propelled and achieving completeness by the rainbow of innovation, consumer demand, and a pledge to wholeness in health and well-being. This suggests that Ayurveda entrepreneurship, through harnessing technological developments and reaching the standards of regulators, making sustainable practices its flagship in a world where health will become one of the most valued parts of every life, could fulfill the rich legacy handed down by this ancient science and at the same time serve meaningfully in the future of global healthcare. It provides detailed insight into an emerging area in Ayurveda entrepreneurship with great potential to bring about impactful change and growth in the years ahead.

A Critical Review of Charaka Samhita in Reference to Varnya - Ahara, Vihara, Aushdha Evum Karam

Beauty has been admired since time immemorial. From the ancient Indian and Egyptian cultures to the present, through all the cultures and through the span of centuries, mankind has been giving great importance to beauty and physical appearance. Ayurveda is considered as one of the ancient sciences of health and medicine. Acharya Charaka has mentioned the aim of Ayurveda as to protect health of an individual and alleviate disorders in the diseased. This definition of complete health includes cosmetic aspects as well. Beauty is more than just skin deep according to Ayurveda. It is the most obvious external manifestation of overall well-being. Skin is a mirror to your physical, mental and spiritual wellness. Varna in Ayurveda is a broad term comprises of various parameters like color, lustre, texture, radiance etc. In this review article an effort has been made to recollect the various Varnya Ahara, Vihara, Aushdha Evum Karam quoted by Acharya Charaka in Charaka Samhita.

AN AYURVEDIC VIEW OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

The human body is a complex organism, the gross mechanical properties of which are enabled by an interconnected musculoskeletal network controlled by the nervous system. The nature of musculoskeletal interconnection facilitates stability, voluntary movements, and robustness to injury50. It is also known as the loco motor system, and previously known as the activity system51. The skeleton is the structure that gives us our shape and provides protection for our internal organs. It offers a supportive framework for the attachment of muscles there for facilitating movement. Our bones also act as a site for the production of blood cells and a store of minerals, particularly calcium. The skeleton has five main functions: Support, Protection, Movement, Blood cell production and mineral store54.Despite being an ancient science Ayurveda gives detailed description about human Anatomy and Musculoskeletal system. In Ayurveda, Peshi, Asthi,Sandhi , Snayu, Kandara along with Jaala, Kurcha, Mamsarajju, Seevani, Sangatha,and Simantha are decscibed as the part of Musculoskeletal system. Diseses relared to musculoskeletal system are increasing day by day. Proper knowledge about this system will help to understand the diseases better and proper and effective management.

Embracing Tomorrow: Integrating AI with Ayurvedic Wisdom

Ayurveda, the ancient science of life and healing, has endured through the ages due to its holistic approach to health and wellness. Rooted in balancing the body, mind, and soul, Ayurveda offers personalized treatments tailored to each individual's unique constitution. In an era where technology rapidly transforms our lives, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Ayurveda promises to revolutionize this traditional practice, enhancing its efficacy and accessibility. However, this fusion of ancient wisdom and modern technology brings its own set of challenges and ethical considerations.

The Arab Islamic Civilisation as a Global Force for Good

From the eighth century, Muslims developed not only their knowledge in the field of theology, but also astronomy, mathematics, chemistry, medicine and other sciences. It is in the nature of Islam to encourage understanding and knowledge, research and study of nature. The text wants to show that the foundations of the Islamic scientific tradition existed even before the introduction of the Greek tradition, that is, that the golden age of Islamic science began with Abdel al-Malik, a century and a half before the creation of Bayt al-Hikma in Baghdad in the 9th century. For almost an entire millennium, the scientists of the Islamic civilization not only studied and analyzed the Greek (and other) sciences, but also added to them many completely new concepts that were unknown to their predecessors. The Crusades and the Mongol invasion influenced the circumstances in which Islamic science developed.The slow introduction of printing technology contributed to the slowdown of scientific development, as did the cessation of the use of the Arabic language as a scientific lingua francae. It is important to point out that Europe in the 12th century paid great attention to Islamic works on astronomy, arithmetic, trigonometry, optics, geometry, astrology and medicine (Mushtaq 1990). The proposed narrative therefore tells us that the science that began with the Greeks came to the Arabs and Muslims where it was accepted, assimilated and rearranged. It was then transferred to Europe over the centuries, where it ultimately contributed significantly to the industrial revolution.

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON ANTITOXIC FORMULATIONS OF YASHTIMADHU W.S.R TO MAJOR CLASSICS (BRIHATTRAYI) OF AYURVEDA

Ayurveda, an ancient science, relies primarily on natural and organic substances for healthcare. It focuses on the medicinal properties of plants, metals, minerals, etc., and utilises them to treat the patient. Ayurveda has its unique treatment principles. Ayurveda consists of 8 branches, one among them is dedicated to the management of poisons and toxins and is known as Agadtantra. This branch manages all sorts of poisons, whether animal or plant origin. Today's environment contains many toxic substances, which led to the requirement of various drugs that can act against these deadly poisons encountered in the daily lives of people in the form of pesticides, pollution, chemical cosmetics, artificial preservatives and whatnot. Ayurveda has treasures of medicinal plants that have yet to be fully explored. One such drug is Yashtimadhu or Mulethi. This drug has many pharmacological properties, and Vishaghna (antitoxic) action is among them. It has been used in various Vishahara formulations by the ancient Acharya. The antitoxic or Vishaghna property of Yashtimadhu is reviewed in this article with the help of Ayurvedic and modern parameters. The Vishahara formulations of major classics (Brihattrayi), i.e., Charak Samhita, Sushrut Samhita and Ashtanga Hridya in which Yashtimadhu is used as one of the ingredients has been discussed here.

YUKTI PRAMANA IN MANAGEMENT 0F DISEASE

Ayurveda is a very ancient science with numerous theories for disease management, one of which is the philosophy of Pramana. Pramana is a crucial tool for managing diseases. In Ayurvedic texts, Pramana is also known as Pareeksha i.e. Examination. Yukti Pramana is a part of this philosophy, providing logical knowledge and arrangements of wisdom for effective treatment and achieving desired results. Acharya Charak has told four types of Pramana i.e. Aptopdesha, Pratyaksha, Anumana and Yukti Pramana. The proper arrangement of objects to gain knowledge is a Yukti. This article shows a short review of Yukti Pramana in Disease Management.

Ritu Shodhana - Way to Stay Healthy with special reference to Virechana

Ayurveda is a unique and ancient science of life which considers the Tridoshas vata, Pitta and Kapha as Tristhunas (pillars) of human body. The aim of Ayurveda is to maintain health of a healthy person and treating ailments of the diseased. Timely elimination of increased Doshas by purificatory measures during specified season is known as Ritu shodhana. Sharadiya Virechana i.e., purification therapy in autumn season is best for elimination of Prakupita (aggravated) Pitta dosha. The present review aims to summarize the benefits of Ritu shodhana with special reference to Virechana on health of a person. Materials and Methods: Literature search was carried out through search engines like PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar using keywords like ‘Ritu shodhana’, ‘Virechana’, ‘seasonal regimens’, ‘seasonal variations in India’,’ lifestyle disorders’. Classicals such as Bruhattrayis, Laghuttrayis were also reviewed. The relevant studies were identified and the findings summarized. Result and discussion- Ritu shodhana plays a key role in prevention of diseases. Among Panchakarmas virechana (purgation therapy) is one of the prime purificatory procedures for elimination of Pitta dosha. As the expulsion of Dosha occurs in normal route it is not complicated. Hence it has great promise and requires research in this area.

Health Benefits and uses of Neem Leaves

Neem is a very unique tree and neem leaves are the most complex leaves on the planet. The neem tree has over 130 different biologically active compounds, and the neem leaf is one of the most complex leaves you can find on the planet. According to the ancient science of Ayurveda texts describe how neem treats skin disorders, hair problems, enhances appetite, boosts digestion, kindles the fire in the belly, improves breathing, helps manage diabetic conditions, aids healing of wounds and relieves nausea. Neem has been declared the “tree of the 21st century” by the United Nations. The US National academy of science also recognized neem’s medicinal value in its 1992 report entitled “Neem: A tree for solving global problems.” Keywords: Biologically active, Azadirachta indica, Diabetes, Hypertension, Metabolic syndrome, Neem.

THERAPEUTIC USE OF BHRINGRAJ IN PANDU: A LITERARY REVIEW IN AYURVEDIC TEXTS

In modern medicine, Pandu, also referred to as Anaemia, is a disorder marked by low haemoglobin or red blood cell counts, which can cause symptoms like weakness, exhaustion, and pale complexion. In the ancient science of Ayurveda, Pandu is considered a disorder primarily affecting the blood tissue (Rakta Dhatu), with Pitta and Kapha Doshas playing significant roles in its aetiology. Bhringraj (Eclipta alba), a revered herb in Ayurveda, has been traditionally utilised for its therapeutic potential in managing various health ailments, including Pandu. This article aims to delve into the therapeutic use of Bhringraj in managing Pandu, drawing insights from different Ayurvedic texts.

Role of Sthanik Chikitsa in Stri Roga

Women play crucial roles in various aspects of life, contributing significantly to society, economy, and culture. She keeps herself so busy in fulfilling the duties, she ignores her health. She neglects her health condition, which leads to major health illness. Various diseases can impact women's Reproductive health. Ayurveda is one of the broad spectrum’s human ancient sciences. In Ayurveda, there is a brief description of various types of Yonivyapada. Nowadays most females are suffering from stress, anxiety, emotional behaviour. Also, many females are workers so they can’t maintain proper hygiene, due to unhygienic conditions they are suffering from various Yonirogas. To treat the ailment of women’s reproductive health Sthanik Chikitsa can be the better option Sthanik Chikitsa in Striroga includes Uttar Basti, Yoni Pichu, Yoni Dhavana, Yoni Dhoopan etc. Sthanik Chikitsa means some treatment to be applied locally in or on reproductive organ to combat any diseased condition. Local treatments possess Shamana and Shodhana properties according to their Prayojana. Sthanik Chikitsa (Local therapies) are available which were described in our Classics. In this review, a conceptual study is being elaborated regarding the Sthanika Chikitsa.

Aristóteles y el meteorito de Egospótamos

The meteorite that fell in the mid-5th century B.C. in Aegospotami could have changed the course of ancient science, as it provided solid evidence that the sky is not perfect nor immutable. However, Aristotle claimed that it was a stone lifted by strong winds. This paper explains why Aristotle refused to consider the possibility that the meteorite had fallen from the sky.

Advancements in Yoga Pose Estimation Using Artificial Intelligence: A Survey

Abstract: Human pose estimation has been a prevalent field of computer vision and sensing study. In recent years, it has made many advances that have helped humanity in the fields of sports, surveillance, healthcare, etc. Yoga is an ancient science intended to improve physical, mental and spiritual wellbeing. It involves many kinds of asanas or postures that a practitioner can perform. Thus, the benefits of pose estimation can also be used for Yoga to help users assume Yoga postures with better accuracy. The Yoga practitioner can detect their own current posture in real-time, and the pose estimation method can provide them with corrective feedback if they commit mistakes. Yoga pose estimation can also help with remote Yoga instruction by the expert teacher, which can be a boon during a pandemic. This paper reviews various Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence-enabled techniques available for real-time pose estimation and research pursued recently. We classify them based on the input they use for estimating the individual's pose. We also discuss multiple Yoga posture estimation systems in detail. We discuss the most commonly used keypoint estimation techniques in the existing literature. In addition to this, we discuss the real-time performance of the presented works. The paper further discusses the datasets and evaluation metrics available for pose estimation.

SIGNIFICANCE AND PRACTICAL APPLICABILITY OF APTOPDESHA PRAMANA

Ayurveda, an ancient science renowned for its unique theories and philosophies, is widely recognised for its characteristics that promote a healthy lifestyle. Among the various ayurvedic theories, one of the most prominent is 'Pramana’ or 'Pariksha', which translates to 'Proof'. Pramana encompasses four main types: Aptopdesha, Pratyaksha, Anumana, and Yukti. Acharya Charak elaborated on these types in the 11th adhyaya of Sutrasthan. Aptopdesha holds significant importance as it represents an authoritative statement of fact provided by a knowledgeable and trustworthy individual, an 'Apta purush'. Aptopdesha serves as a fundamental source of information in any scientific discipline. Its role is crucial in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, as well as in research methodologies. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the utility of Aptopdesha Pramana.

Literary review of Marma Chikitsa

Ayurveda, the ancient science of holistic medicine and well-being, has been meticulously passed down through generations by Indian sages. Among the invaluable aspects of Ayurveda bestowed upon us by these revered Acharyas is the Marma science. Although not highly advanced in the context of modern science, Marma science emphasizes crucial points on the body surface known as Marmas. The occurrence of an injury at these vital points can potentially lead to disability, dysfunction, or even the termination of life. Intriguingly, Marmas serve as pivotal junctures where the entire spectrum of our physical and mental energy can be intentionally heightened, diminished, or redirected, facilitating transformative effects through the judicious application of Marma techniques. Considered as specialized pranic switches within the body, stimulating Marma points can lead to the balanced flow of Prana (life force) in different body parts, thereby yielding the desired therapeutic benefits. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Marmas, offering a general description and highlighting the utility of Marma Chikitsa in promoting overall well-being.

Role of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) as preventive diet in lifestyle disorders

The incidence of lifestyle diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and overweight/ obesity associated with cardiovascular disease is increasing rapidly. In past few decades, due to increased westernization in life style and due to enhancement of economy, there is increase in prevalence rate of these diseases among Indian population. Ayurveda,an ancient science, describes ways to prevent and manage lifestyle disorders, through proper dietary management and lifestyle advises, in form of Dincharya and Rutrucharya . Millets have been major staple diet in Central India but after the advent of high yielding varieties of rice and wheat, millets got sidelined from our food basket. In Ayurveda, Proso millet is mentioned in trundhyana varga. It possesses madhura Kashaya rasa, katu vipaka, ushna virya and is kaphavatta shamak. In its constitution we can find prithvi,vayu, jal ,and tej mahabhut. Due to its bruhaniya property it can be useful in malnutrition, on contrary due to its laghu, ruksh guna, vilekhana karma it can be used in obesity. In present review article the less explored, underutilized, nutrient rich, commercial available Proso millets are enlightened for its phytochemical and other activities which may benefit the people in overcoming various lifestyle disorders.

Философская рефлексия как онтологическая данность и ее роль в современной практике

This paper touches upon the issue of philosophical reflexion as one of the leading themes in modern ontology, epistemology and praxiology. In the center of scientific and research attention is the phenomenon of philosoph-ical reflexion, its origins in ancient science, its further study in the works of P. de Chardin, thinkers of the classi-cal school and representatives of analytical philosophy. The authors have identified the ontological bases of the phenomenon under consideration: the focus on cognition and the purpose of this kind of activity, the need for self-analysis and self-knowledge, and the formation of a holistic and critical worldview. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that reflexion and philosophical reflexion have a number of similar features: thus, the former is characterized as a generalized representation with an emotional and value component, and the latter as a form of human intellectual activity aimed at self-reflection and self-knowledge. As a practical example of reflexion actualization, the authors turned to the pedagogical sphere, which reflects the interaction between teachers and students in order to improve the quality and level of the educational process on the part of its active subjects.