Ancient Medical Science Research Articles

A conceptual study on role of Ayurveda in communicable diseases

Health is never an issue until someone gets sick, it is the reality in current situation. Because of improper diet, lack of exercise, stress, low quality of food grains& global warming overall health status of individuals is poor & they are getting easily prone to communicable diseases. H1N1 influenza, Ebola are the recent examples. They are big challenges & creating a burden over health care system. Ayurveda though an ancient medical science has clearly described such communicable diseases & their cause, mode of transmission, prevention as well as cure. Charaka has quoted Janapadodhwansa, (mass destruction) & its four reasons as Dushitavayu (Air), Jala (Water), Kala (Time), and Desha (Region). Sushruta has already mentioned Aupsargika Rogas (Communicable Diseases) i.e, Kushtha (Skin diseases), Jwara (Fever) etc. & their mode of transmission. Prevention as well as cure of disease is goal of Ayurveda. Through maintainance of Dincharaya, Rutucharya, Sadvritta, person’s physical and mental health is secured. With the help of Panchakarma, Aushadha, & Rasayana these diseases can be cured. In this literary work effort has made to find how Ayurveda can help to face growing challenge of communicable diseases.

A STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF EFFECT OF SAMYOGA VIRUDDHA AHARA CONSUMPTION ON METABOLIC SYNDROME IN 35 - 50 YEAR OLD MEN AND WOMEN OF MUMBAI

Background: Metabolic Syndrome is now a growing epidemic spanning rapidly across the world. The increasing prevalence is observed in developing countries, developed countries as well as underdeveloped countries indicating, the weight of the current situation and the need for immediate worldwide action at governmental, public, community and clinical level. Ayurveda, one of the most ancient medical sciences emphasizes the importance of diet (Ahara), in determining an individuals health. It states that consumption of food in the wrong combination, dosage, sequence, quantity, method of cooking, processing results in disturbance at molecular level, which progresses into development of various diseases. In the present day scenario, due to modernisation we observe a change in the lifestyle of individuals and the prevalence of metabolic disorders like - diabetes and cardiovascular disorders has increased. The following study aimed at assessing the effect of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Consumption on of Metabolic Syndrome in 35 - 50 year old men and women of Mumbai Aim: To assess the effect of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Consumption on Metabolic Syndrome in 35 - 50 year old men and women. Materials and Methods: The study was a Cross sectional Observational Study carried out on 97 participants between age 35 -50 years, residing in Mumbai, selected with random sampling method. The participants were enrolled into health camps, where demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary information was recorded using self-designed questionnaire. Biochemical analysis was carried out on venous blood sample drawn from each participant after a 12 Hour Fast and analysed for lipid profile (HDL-C and TG) and Fasting Plasma Glucose. After receiving blood reports indicating HDL-C and TG levels, participants were diagnosed for presence or absence of metabolic syndrome using the NCEP ATP III Criteria. All 97 participants were administered the Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Frequency Questionnaire and correlation between dietary patterns, Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Consumption Frequency and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its risk factors was established. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 25 for Windows. Statistical analysis was carried out using Mann Whitney U Test, Pearsons Correlation and Spearmans Correlation tests were carried out to analyse frequency and correlation between anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, blood levels with nutrient intake. Rank Point Biserial Correlation was used to analyse correlation between prevalence of metabolic syndrome and Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Frequency.The p value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Higher prevalence of MetS (52.6%) observed in participants compared to non-MetS (47.4%). Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome was found to be higher in Males compared to females. (p = 0.003). Anthropometric parameters such as - Weight, BMI, Waist Circumference were observed higher in MetS compared to non-MetS (p<0.05). Average Systolic and Diastolic blood Pressure of participants with MetS was higher than non-MetS (p<0.05). Higher prevalence of Hypertensive and Prehypertensive individuals in MetS group compared to non-MetS. Higher levels of HDL-C found in non-MetS compared to MetS (p<0.05), whereas High TG observed in MetS compared to non-MetS (p<0.05). Significant positive correlation between caloric consumption with weight (p = 0.031), muscle mass (p = 0.005), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006), diastolic Blood Pressure (p = 0.015). Significantly positive correlation between weight, BMI, Waist Circumference, Hip circumference, Waist to Hip Ratio, Body Fat Percentage, Muscle Mass, Blood Pressure (SBP and DBP), with Frequency of Consumption of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara found. Conclusion: Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in study population was 52.6%, with higher prevalence observed in males than in females. Dietary patterns of participants as reflected by 24-Hour Dietary recall and Samyoga Viruddha Ahara Consumption Frequency Questionnaire showed higher consumption of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara in participants with Metabolic Syndrome and a positive correlation of higher consumption with increased Body weight, BMI, Waist Circumference, Waist Circumference, and Blood Pressure. Therefore reducing Consumption of Samyoga Viruddha Ahara (Incompatible Food Combinations), in diet may reduce prevalence of metabolic Syndrome and its Components like - obesity, dyslipidaemia, elevated Blood Pressure.

PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ASTHIDHATU

Ayurveda is an ancient medical science which is related to health. Ayurveda described three basic physiological constitution of the body they are: Dosha, Dhatu and mala. Dhatu are structural unit of the body. Asthi is fifth dhatu among saptadhatu. In modern science asthidhatu relate with bones and cartilage. Bones store minerals such as calcium. Metabolic bone diseases are caused by minerals and vitamins deficiency. Asthidhatu is resultant of action of medoagni on medodhatu and is responsible for nourishing majjadhatu. It supports the basic structures, protect vital organs, nourishing the nervous tissue. Health refers to the moderate quantity of asthidhatu while dis- orders may develop when any vitiation occur. Just as asthi dhatu (Bones) contribute to health, diseases related to bones can disrupt the body. This paper attempts to understand concepts of Asthidhatu for maintain health and pre- vention from diseases related to the bone. Keywords: Health, Asthidhatu ksaya-Vruddhi, functions

UNDERSTANDING OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES IN THE LIGHT OF AYURVEDA

Ayurveda is one of the most ancient medical sciences in the world. It is more life and health-oriented and empha- sizes prevention rather than cure. In Ayurvedic texts “CHARYA” word has been used to denote lifestyle or day to day activities being performed by individuals. Charya means “Aahara” and “Vihara”, which is to be consumed or followed, to maintain Swasthaya (Health) of an individual. A Comprehensive schedule of a health regimen for promotion and preservation of health as a code of conduct which can be attained through Dincharya (Daily regi- men), Ratricharya (night regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), Vyaayaam (exercise), along with AaharaVidhi Vidhana (rules of diet) has been described in Ayurvedic texts. Lifestyle is the way in which a person lives. Life- style includes behaviours such as dietary habits, sleeping and resting habits, physical activity (include exercising), weight control, smoking and alcohol consumption. The diseases which are not transmitted by any vector, envi- ronment and not transmitted from person to person is called Non-Communicable Disease or chronic disease or Lifestyle disease. In Ayurvedic texts, there is no such type of disease mentioned but in Ayurveda, this kind of dis- ease and its causative factors have been mentioned in abundance during the description of Nidana. So, an attempt has been made to understand the Lifestyle diseases and their Nidanain the light of Ayurveda, through this paper. Keywords: Charya, Vihara, Lifestyle.

CONCEPTS OF MAMSA MARMA - A REVIEW ARTICLE

Ayurveda is one of the most ancient medical science in the world. Ayurveda is known as the science of life. It is not only medical science, but it is also a way of life. In Ayurvedic literature many Aacharyas (Sage) like Atreya Punarvashu,Dhanvantari,Sushruta,Charaka,Vagbhata and other commentators of samhitas (Ancient iterature) have made, its importance the knowledge of Sharir (body) to have undoubtedly for the sake of knowledge. In Ayurveda, Rachana sharir is a very important part of this science to make a person a good physician or a good surgeon. In Rachana Sharir, Marma sharir is very important topic. By knowing this, a person may become a good physician or surgeon. Marma sharir and its practical application are very important during surgery and to understand the injury at marma site, their prognosis and possible prevention is necessary. Inside the body, there is a specific anatomical location which is called a vital point. Keywords: Mamsa (muscle), marma (vital part), jivsthan (life site), Parinam (result), pariman (dimension)

Review on –Agrya Ayushadi Dravyas acting on different body systems w. s. r. to charaka samhita.

Ayurveda is an ancient medical science which main aim is to maintain the health of a healthy person and cure diseases from its root. Ayurved is based on Saptapadartha, where dravya is one of them. Ancient Acharyas classified the Ayurveda into eight branches, collectively known as “Ashtang Ayurveda”. Dravyaguna Shastra is an important branch of chikitsa shastra. This deals with the guna (properties), karma (action), and Prayoganum (therapeutic uses of dravya). In Ayurveda “Ekal dravya” chikitsa having more importance. In some context, a single drug (Ekal Dravya) is used for one disease or more than one disease. Agrya Aushadhi Dravya is the most potent drug for that particular disease. Agrya Aushadhi Dravya is cost-effective economical, easy to use, and safe. This article highlighting the Agrya Aushadhi dravya mentioned in a charak samhita which acting on different body systems.

CRITICAL REVIEW ON GARBHAJANYA VIKRITI (BIRTH DEFECTS) DESCRIBED IN AYURVEDA AND ITS MODERN ASPECT

Ayurveda is the most ancient medical science and its fundamentals cover every aspect of human life. Acharya Sushruta has classified the diseases into seven types on the basis of its origin; among them first two are explained for birth defects. Genetic disorders (Adibala pravritta) and Congenital anomaly (Janmabala pravritta) are the two main categories of birth defects (Garbhajanya vikriti) encountered during the early infancy. The genetic disorders are either maternal or paternal and largely responsible for carrying genetic defects in progeny, whereas congenital birth defects are mainly due to faulty diet and lifestyle of mother and due to suppression of mental and physical desire of the pregnant lady. Ayurveda enlisted various desires of pregnant woman and their impact on the health and physical status of the progeny. Similarly, there are so many rituals and regimens are described for pregnant lady to prevent birth defects and to make woman ready for normal delivery. In brief, it can be said that if a preg-nant lady wishes for a healthy baby (Supraja), She should follow the Nine-month regimen (GarbhiniParicharya) mentioned for them in Ayurveda, so the chances of congenital anomaly will be minimal. Keywords: Congenital anomaly, Birth defect, Garbhajanya vikriti, Supraja, Garbhini paricharya

Pharmacognostical and physiochemical evaluation of bruhaniya gana siddha ksheerpak for ksheerpan and ksheerbasti in the management of garbhashosh

Ayurveda is the most ancient medical science framed on evidence-based principles. So, the standardization of Ayurveda drugs is much needed work in view to asses and maintain the quality of Ayurveda drugs in present era. The WHO appreciated the importance of medicinal plants for public health care in developing nations and has evolved guidelines to support the member states in their efforts to formulate national policies on traditional medicine and to study their potential usefulness including evaluation, safety and efficacy. The quality assessment of Ayurveda drug formulations is very important in order to prove their acceptability in modern system of medicine. The present study aims to standardize bruhaniya gana siddha ksheerpaka formulation for ksheerpan and ksheerbasti in the management of garbhashosh (IUGR). The process of standardization is achieved by systematic pharmacognostical and physiochemical evaluative studies. The drug formulation bruhaniya gana siddha ksheer contains Bala, Ashwagandha, Shatawari, Vidari, Kakoli, and Kshirkakoli.2 Organoleptic characters revelled that formulation was light off white in colour, characteristic fragrant odour, and sweet in taste. The result of pharmacognostical study had shown presence of prismatic crystals of Bala, Scalariform vessels of Shatavari, and trichomes of Ashwagandha, cambial activity of the tubers of Vidari, etc. Physiochemical study showed loss on drying 2.96%, total ash 0.31%, acid insoluble ash 0.01%, pH 6.18%, total solids 34.68. Phyto-chemical analysis showed presence of alkaloids, tannins, steroids, proteins, carbohydrates, reducing sugar, etc. The formulation was prepared and screened for various standardization parameters as per ayurveda drug standard protocols in API.

REVIEW ON THE CONCEPT OF ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF AMAVATA AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VIRUDDHA AHARA

Ayurveda is one of the ancient medical sciences which is potential and effective in current scenario. Unlike other medical sciences instead of focusing on treatment of any particular disease, Ayurveda focuses more on the healthy living and wellbeing of the person. For healthy living, Ayurveda has given a prime importance to ahara in trayopastambha. Ahara should be wholesome in accordance with desha, kala, prakriti and vaya. It plays an important role in healthy life. By its opposite guna, veerya, vipaka, matra, samyoga, is considered as viruddha ahara the regular indulgence in it leads to many autoimmune disorders. In our classics it is clearly mentioned viruddha ahara as prime Nidana in Amavata. Hence viruddha ahara plays an important role in Samprapti of Amavata.

AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE OF KAMALA ( JAUNDICE )

Ayurveda is ancient medical science. In our ancient samhita, kamala vyadhi is briefly described. Kamala is pittaja nanatmaja as well as raktapradoshaja vyadhi. Charakacharya has considered kamala as advanced stage of panduroga. Sushrutacharya has considered kamala as a separate disease and also may be due to further complication of panduroga, whereas Vagbhatacharya described kamala as a separate disease. Kamala can be correlated with jaundice in modern medical science. In kamala vyadhi aacharyas has explained virechana karma. Modern science has limitations in treating kamala vyadhi (jaundice) but ayurvedic literature clearly explained pathology and treatment of kamala vyadhi which shows the specificity of ayurveda. 
 Aim and Objective : To review the nidanpanchak, ayurvedic management of kamala vyadhi . To review the pathyapathya mentioned in kamala vyadhi .
 Methodology : Text will be collected from ayurvedic samhitas ,different websites and journals will be referred.
 Result : Shodhana and shamana chikitsa are effective in the management of kamala.
 Discussion : In ayurveda nidan parivarjana , shamana, shodhana are the way to treat any disease hence in kamala we should really examine causative factors and then give shamana and shodhana chikitsa .

CONCEPT OF DOSHA IN AYURVEDA: A REVIEW

Ayurveda is the most ancient medical science, which is still in practice because of its potent clinical philosophical perspective with treatment modules. Proper knowledge about tridosha is most important factor in the field of treatment. Tridosha stands for Vayu, Pitta and Kapha. Vayu partially generates the activities of the body through ionic exchange and means as action potential. The term pitta denotes the biochemical enzymes, hormones etc. Likewise, the term kapha is implied for the fluid like substances of the body responsible for the lubrication, satiation and immunity of the body. Tridosha are the causes for origin of the body in equilibrium condition and also responsible for the initiation of all pathology inside the body. These Tridoshas are called tristhuna (three main pillar) on which body sustains. As the Loka (macrocosm) is afflicted or maintained respectively by the morbidity and normal state of wind, sun and moon, so also the adhyatma-Loka (sentient world or microcosm) is either afflicted or maintained respectively by the morbidity and normal state of vayu, pitta and kapha. So, the concept of doshas is essential to be understood for proper application of principles of Ayurveda.

PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION W. S. R. TO AYURVEDA: REVIEW ARTICLE

Ayurveda is not only an ancient medical science but it is a complete life science.The main aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of a healthy person & to cure the disease of diseased person. From last few decades due to globalisation there is drastic change in working pattern, dietary habits & lifestyle. According to a new research, lifestyle diseases replaced traditional health risk factors resulting in an increase in incidents of diseases & deaths in India in the last two decades. Now most of the diseases & deaths are caused by High Blood Pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, alcohol use and poor diet. Unhealthy lifestyle is the root cause of many diseases broadly termed as lifestyle disorder. Hypertension is the most common lifestyle disease affecting population all over the world. About 26.4% of the world adult population in 2020 had hypertension and 29.2% were projected to have this condition by 2025. India is labeled as global capital of hypertension. The Ayurveda concentrates on achieving the promotion of health, prevention and management of disease for a healthy and happy life in the ailing society. The principals of Ayurveda are focused on maintaining good health by good diet and good lifestyle. Proper dietary habits, proper exercise, Yoga, Meditation along with Ayurveda herbs can be beneficial to balancing of mind, which reduce stress and maintain the blood pressure. The present review article is aimed that the planning of proper herbal medications as per Ayurveda guidelines will definitely control the high blood pressure without any hazardous side effects of drugs.

A PHARMCEUTICO ANALYTICAL STUDY OF AMAVATARI RASA - A HERBAL FORMULATION

Ayurveda is the most ancient medical sciences which deal with the powerful medicines with the use of herbals, minerals and herbo-minerals. Amavatari Rasa is one of the most powerful Ayurvedic formulation which comes under the polyherbal formulations, it contains Eranda moola, Triphala, Shuddha Chitraka, Shuddha Vatsanabha as main ingredients and Gomutra as Bhavana dravya indicated in SarvaVatavikara. as it is a VatsanabhayuktaKashtoushadi and irrespective of other Kashtoushadis its name and its less dose indicates that it is more potent than the other Amavataharakashtoushadhis, assimilation in the body is much faster even though the dose is very less and it can competent with other Amavatahara Rasaushadis. Amavatari Rasa was prepared as per the classical reference as there was no analytical standards available for Amavatari rasa in Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India to check its quality, in this study an effort has been made to carry out the pharmaceutico Analytical study of Amavatari Rasa. The result obtained will be the reference standards and can also be used for future studies on Amavatari Rasa standardization.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND SEASONAL USES OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SOURCES OF MILK GIVEN IN VARIOUS AYURVEDA TEXTS

Ayurveda is one of the most ancient medical sciences of the world. It is more life & health oriented. It em-phasizes much more on diet & regimen along with medicine. Milk is one of the animal origins Dravya which is important for people of all age groups as a dietary supplement & can be taken every day. Milk is beneficial for healthy individuals. The one who consumes milk doesn’t get the disease. Hence there is no better Vrishya Dravya (Aphrodisiac) and no better Jeevaniya Dravya (life prolonger) than milk. Milk is considered as Rasayana (Rejuvenative). Seasonal regimen has been described in our texts. The prime prin-ciple of Ayurvedic system of medicine is preventive aspect, can be achieved by change in diet & practices in response to change in climatic condition. In Ayurveda texts, milk of eight different animals i.e. milk of cow, buffalo, goat, camel, human, sheep, elephant & single hoofed animals like horse, donkey etc. has been described with a set of different properties. Milk of cow, buffalo, goat & sheep is easily available in our area. The objective of this is to establish the use of different milk in different seasons based on the properties described in our Ayurveda texts. An attempt has been made for use of cow milk, buffalo milk, goat milk & sheep milk according to season through this paper.

Contributions of Buddhism to Ancient Medical Science in Ancient India and Sri Lanka

Contributions of Buddhism to Ancient Medical Science in Ancient India and Sri Lanka

Ayurvedic Remedies for Covid-19 - A Conceptual Study

Novel Corona disease becomes a worldwide crisis. Its outbreak starts from China and now it becomes a pandemic. The aim is to review various Ayurvedic remedies for COVID-19. This was purely a literary study done from various Ayurvedic compendiums. As there is no effective treatment in the form medicine &vaccines is available for COVID- 19 in contemporary science. But in the ancient medical science Vatasleshmika Jwara(fever) can be correlated with COVID-19 as Their symptoms are indistinguishable. Like, the clinical features of COVID- 19 are fever, cough, dyspnea, cold, headache, etc. are relatable to Santapa, ShushkaKasa, Bhrushamkshav,Pratishya, Shirograha which are Akshan of Vatasleshmak Jwar. Here, treatment can be given according to the Chikitsa of Vatasleshmakjwar on COVID 19.In current outbreak of Corona; it may prove as a ray of hope for further research.

Understanding about novel coronavirus and ayurveda guidelines for preventive as well as curative aspect of pandemic diseases like covid-19

Ayurveda is not an old medical science and nor developed through experimental efforts by research scholars in ancient period as perceived by some. But it is the direct gift of supreme soul to mankind which is practically effective at any time of need. Detailed information about viruses like SARS-CoV-2 is already described in Ayurveda in the name of Rakshas or Pishacha (microorganisms invisible to naked eyes). Management of kaphajjwar or vata kaphajjwar or other types of fever as per their manifestation may be adopted for COVID-19 and management of swas (asthma)can be adopted for emergency situation to get improved anticipated results. The causes of epidemic or pandemic diseases, prevention as well as controlling methods have been described under Janapad dhwansaneeya adhyaay (chapter about mass casualty). The purpose of this study is to disseminate the available knowledge of Ayurveda regarding novel coronavirus, epidemic or pandemic diseases in the present scenario of COVID-19 outbreak, to all health streams. Further research may be taken up to establish a scientific treatment protocol as well as preventive measures for COVID-19 outbreak successfully. Conclusion may be drawn that Ayurveda is not just an ancient medical science but it has accommodated solutions for future incoming problems also. Trial is needed to substantiate them in present scientific protocol.

Congruence with Health by Divergence in Uses of Water: An Ayurvedic Notion

In the vocation of nutrition science, tremendous research has been executed over the analysis of food, its chemistry, conservation, preparation, consumption, production, deficiencies and so on. Even in present time professionals have pinned their eye over the manner of intake of food too, but the water being very essential element for survival has not been yet attracted the attention of the heavenly body. Ayurveda, one of the most ancient traditional systems of medicine contemplated water as an endorser of life which plays a pivot role in attaining vigor or occurrence of maladies. The scriptures divulged the facts that proper nourishment and metabolism of body also rely on the quality, quantity and even on the right manner of intake of water along with other major nutrients, and regarding this, a very comprehensive narrative is found in all the obtainable treatises of ancient medical science. This inspires the researcher to highlight such codes which can be directed as an additive protocol for the human being having pursuance of health. Moreover, an extensive search has also been performed to find out the parallel scientific evidences regarding the dogmas which can be established over the scientific background, so to make it more acceptable and admissible in the community and to also provide a pointer on which further research could be carried out.

A critical analysis of Satmya with special reference to Madhumeha (Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus) and certain biochemical parameters

Ayurveda is an ancient medical science that deals with the of the human being as well as measures to treat diseases. There are two main purpose of Ayurveda, first being to maintain the healthy status of the healthy people and the second one is to cure the disease of the unhealthy person. For the diagnosis of the disease, ancient have given much importance of knowledge obtained by (direct perception), (inference), (testimony), and (reasoning) during the examination of the patient for a successful treatment. To fulfill this purpose, Atura-Pariksha (examination of patients) (examination of medicinal drug and preparations) and Roga-Rogi (examination of the patient and disease) etc. are a very important tool. The concept of is described under (tenfold examination), and it is an important concept in both (maintenance of health) and (treatment of disease). The concept of is explained by different elaborately in their own way. The process of adopting from is well explained in the classics. To evaluate the significance of in (T2DM) patients. Assessment of status and biochemical parameters in (T2DM) patients. might be an important tool for the assessment of the strength of patient and also helpful for proper planning of treatment.

THE EFFICACY OF DASHMOOLADI CHURNA IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION: A CASE STUDY

Ayurveda is one of the most ancient medical sciences of the world. It describes the basic and applied aspects of life process, health, disease and its management with the sound base of principles and approaches.
 21st century is a world of industrialization & fast life which has created various life style disorders. Hypertension is one of life threatening gift of today’s life, which is psychosomatic, hereditary and occurring as a result of aging. It is also called as a silent or hidden killer because most of sufferers (85%) are asymptomatic and as per available reports, in more than 94% cases of hypertension under lying cause is not found. Such patients are said to have Essential Hypertension (EHT). Hypertension is one of the leading causes of the Global burden of disease.
 60 Years male patient suffering from Anidra, Shirashoola, Bhrama, Daurbalya, Klama, Krodhaprachurya since last two months. He came to our hospital for Ayurvedic treatment. With our unique herbal combination of drug, his all symptoms got controlled.
 This is one single study on Dashmooladi churna to evaluate the efficiency on Essential hypertension.