Ancient Japanese Research Articles

A piezo-shunted kirigami auxetic lattice for adaptive elastic wave filtering

Tailoring the dynamical behavior of wave-guide structures can provide an efficient and physically elegant approach for optimizing mechanical components with regards to vibroacoustic propagation. Architectured materials as pyramidal core kirigami cells combined with smart systems may represent a promising way to improve the vibroacoustic quality of structural components. This paper describes the design and modeling of a pyramidal core with auxetic (negative Poisson’s ratio) characteristics and distributed shunted piezoelectric patches that allow for wave propagation control. The core is produced using a kirigami technique, inspired by the cutting/folding processes of the ancient Japanese art. The kirigami structure has a pyramidal unit cell shape that creates an in-plane negative Poisson’s ratio macroscopic behavior. This structure exhibits in-plane elastic properties (Young’s and shear modulus) which are higher than the out-of-plane ones, and hence this lattice has very specific properties in terms of wave propagation that are investigated in this work. The short-circuited configuration is first analyzed, before using negative capacitance and resistance as a shunt which provides impressive band gaps in the low frequency range. All configurations are investigated by using a full analysis of the Brillouin zone, rendering possible the deep understanding of the dynamical properties of the smart lattice. The results are presented in terms of dispersion and directivity diagrams, and the smart lattice shows quite interesting properties for the adaptive filtering of elastic waves at low frequencies bandwidths.

The Kojiki. An Account of Ancient Matters

It was an excellent idea to attempt a more accessible translation of the Kojiki, Japan’s oldest published chronicle, especially as this has enjoyed a revival of interest among the Japanese public in recent years. What for many years has been the standard English translation, and in many respects still is, was that by Donald Philippi (University of Tokyo Press 1968), which was indeed somewhat formidable. Gustav Heldt has taken quite different policy decisions over his translation, and these are what will be considered in this brief review. Any questions of fundamental accuracy will have to be left to other reviewers with competence in ancient Japanese.

Impact of Sino-Korean on Borrowed Chinese Characters in Ancient Japanese

Impact of Sino-Korean on Borrowed Chinese Characters in Ancient Japanese

Ancient Japanese and Finnish ice records yield insights into climate change

Ancient Japanese and Finnish ice records yield insights into climate change

A Study of Rhyme and Sound in the Borrowed Chinese Characters of Ancient Japanese that Appear in the Group of Xie

A Study of Rhyme and Sound in the Borrowed Chinese Characters of Ancient Japanese that Appear in the Group of Xie

문학으로 본 우네메(采女)의 심정유린(心情蹂躪) - 만요슈(萬葉集)를 중심으로 -

문학으로 본 우네메(采女)의 심정유린(心情蹂躪) - 만요슈(萬葉集)를 중심으로 -

The Usages of Chinese Character Zhi(之) in Ancient Korean and Japanese Inscriptions

The Usages of Chinese Character Zhi(之) in Ancient Korean and Japanese Inscriptions

Pentanuclear and Octanuclear Manganese Helices

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hiroki Oshio at the University of Tsukuba, Japan. The cover image shows the metaphoric link between the synthesis of two new manganese clusters and the ancient Japanese art of origami. Origami literally means “folded paper” and allows elaborate shapes to be created from the simplest materials, just like the rigid, planar ligands that were employed to “fold” manganese ions into sophisticated helical superstructures.

Pentanuclear and Octanuclear Manganese Helices

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hiroki Oshio at the University of Tsukuba, Japan. The cover image shows the metaphoric link between the synthesis of two new manganese clusters and the ancient Japanese art of origami. Origami literally means “folded paper” and allows elaborate shapes to be created from the simplest materials, just like the rigid, planar ligands that were employed to “fold” manganese ions into sophisticated helical superstructures.

Two kinds of feng-shui history in Japan: science and divination

Two kinds of feng-shui history in Japan: science and divination

A Dietary Study of the Kamegaoka Culture Population during the Final Jomon Period, Japan, Using Stable Isotope and Lipid Analyses of Ceramic Residues

The Jomon culture is an ancient Japanese society that existed during approximately 14,000 to 400 BC and which is characterized by Jomon (cord pattern) pottery. To investigate the paleodiet of the people of northeastern Tohoku in Japan during the Final Jomon period (about 1000–400 BC), we studied three sites in Aomori Prefecture, the center of the Kamegaoka culture. The Fubinashi site is on the coast and was supported by a rich fishing culture. Imazu was a coastal salt-making site. Sugisawa is a mountainous inland site on the banks of a river. We determined the 14C ages of the interior and exterior surfaces of carbonized material on potsherds and compared the data with pottery typology and age to study the marine reservoir effect. We also analyzed the bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and C:N ratios to determine the presence of aquatic foodstuffs. The organic residues from pottery typology corresponding to the described analyses provided a general perspective of differences in the ancient diets at each site. When we recovered sufficient lipids, we analyzed compound-specific stable isotopes of fatty acids to obtain a multilateral view of those diets. Our findings indicate that the diets of inhabitants of both Fubinashi and Imazu consisted primarily of marine products and some terrestrial foodstuffs, whereas people from Sugisawa processed mainly C3 plants and some terrestrial animals and aquatic commodities.

일본고전문학에 나타난 당대 전기소설『유선굴(遊仙窟)』의 수용과 재창조성－헤이안(平安)시대 모노가타리(物語)를 중심으로－

This article analyzes the co-relationship between Yuseongul, a Tang-dynasty romantic(Jeongi) novel and Monogatri in the Heian age, particularly regarding the acceptance and recreation of the former in the ancient Japanese literature. Yuseongul, which is regarded as the first foreign literatured imported into Japan, is a representative Jeon-gi romance about a love with a celestial maiden in the Tang dynasty and played the most important role in the birth of an ancient Japanese novel, Monogatari. After importing the culture of Tang dynasty, a great number of male authors in the nobility was fascinated by the imaginary world of Taoist hermits and their love with a fairy nymph. In this respect, Yuseongul, which tells the story of love and separation between lovers, was accepted as a great specimen and also provided a representative form for the romance the Heian noble men yearned to create. The aesthetics that is idealized in the romance of Taoist hermits is spiritual refinement in an isolated place far from our everyday world. This literary form was a way that the contemporary noble men with the great knowledge of Chinese characters and literature express themselves. Furthermore, the popularity of refined literary tastes in the Heian age reveals their wishful fantasy to live on the ideas of Taoism, that is, the life of a hermitic doyen.

일본의 성문화를 통해 본 포르노그래피 애니메이션의 선정성

인류는 본능적 욕구를 해소하기 위한 노력을 통해 발전을 지속해왔다. 인간의 욕구중 성욕은 식욕과 함께 가장 본능적인 것의 하나로 분류되며, 선사시대로부터 현재에 이르기까지 다양한 방식으로 표현되고 있다. 성적인 이미지 표현은 사회적, 윤리적 제약 하에서도 시대의 변화와 매체의 발전을 수용하며 더욱 앞서 진화하고 있다. 20세기 초반 사진기술의 발명으로 인해 포르노그래피 이미지는 매우 극적인 변화를 보였다. 영상은 사진보다 직접적인 이미지를 전달하는 매체로써 이러한 변화를 더욱 촉진하였고, 영상매체 중 하나로서 애니메이션은 장치에 의한 이미지인 실사영상이 가진 재현성의 한계를 넘어 실험을 거듭해왔다. 이 논문에서는 애니메이션에서 성적욕망을 어떻게 표현하고 있는가와 이를 있게 한 사회적 배경으로서의 성문화를 연결하여 논의하고자 하며, 그 분명한 사례로써 일본 포르노그래피 애니메이션을 선정하여 분석하였다. 일본 포르노그래피 애니메이션은 문화와 사회제도적 역사로부터 비롯된 결과물로써 해석되어야 한다. 헤이안시대와 에도시대를 거쳐 메이지시대 초기에 이르기까지 일본의 성문화는 매우 개방적이고 때로 파격적인 상태를 유지하였다. 일본 애니메이션에 자주 등장하는 변신, 변태, 미소년 소녀 성애, 촉수성교, 신체 특정부위의 빈번한 노출 등은 와카슈, 처방혼, 혼숙, 남색 등과 같은 고대 일본의 개방적인 성 풍습을 통해 해석할 수 있다. 이와 같은 일본 특유의 성문화는 세계 어느 곳에서도 찾아보기 쉽지 않은 일본 애니메이션 특유의 성적 표현으로 자리한다. 이러한 상황은 20세기에 이르러 2차 세계 대전의 종결과 함께 외부로부터 강제된 서구 근대화에 의해 제도적으로 단절되었다. 그렇지만 내용적으로는 현재까지도 일정한 방식으로 영향력을 지속하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 이 연구에서는 고대 일본의 자유로운 성문화가 제도에 의해 변화되는 일련의 과정을 살펴봄으로써 포르노그래피 애니메이션 또한 문화현상이라는 틀 안에서 해석되어야 함을 논의하였다. 일본 애니메이션 전반에서 발견되는 선정성은 그들의 역사로부터 비롯되며, 여성에 대한 이분법적 표현은 제도적으로 규정된 성 의식에 의해 굴절된 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 일본의 역사와 문화는 포르노그래피 애니메이션에 성적표현의 자유로움을 부여함과 동시에 타자화 된 여성 신체에 대한 두려움이자 뿌리칠 수 없는 매혹이라는 이분법으로 변형되어 드러나고 있음을 알 수 있다. Human beings have advanced to release instinctive desire. Among the human desires, sexual desire is classed as a basic desire with appetite and has been expressed in many ways from prehistoric times to present. Despite the social and ethical restriction, expression of sexual image has been evolved with change of time and medium's development. Thanks to inventing the photograph technique, Change of pornographic image has showed a dramatic aspect since early 20th century. The video which delivers message more directly than the picture boosted this change, and the animation has experimented the expression methods and techniques numerously exceeding the limit of realistic image which reappeared by the device. In this thesis, I want to discuss how human beings express sexual desire in animation based on society's sex culture, and analyzed Japanese pornographic animation as its obvious cases. Japanese pornographic animation should be interpreted as the result of culture and society system's history. Through Heian, Edo and early Meiji period, Japanese sex culture has been kept very openly and preposterously. Transformation, metamorphosis, pedophilia, tentacle sex and exposure of specific body parts that are frequently appear in Japanese animation can be interpreted by ancient Japanese open sex culture like Wakashu, polygamy, sleeping in mixed sex group and pederasty. These Japanese odd sex culture is hard to find elsewhere and settled as intrinsic sexual expression in Japanese animation. This situation was institutionally severed by European Modernization's force at the end of World War II in 20th century. However, it seems they have been keeping their influence in a proper form until now. In this study, I discussed that pornographic animation should be interpreted in a frame of cultural phenomenon by researching the series of procedure that ancient Japanese open sex culture has been changed by the system. Sexuality which is found in general Japanese animation was started from their history, and the dichotomous expression about women can be understood that it is bent by institutionally regulated sexual opinion. Japanese history and culture can be understood that it is transformed to the dichotomy that are simultaneously according freedom of eroticism to the pornographic animation, and the fear and irresistible temptation about the woman's body as the other.

Diplomatic writings 外蕃通書: The old texts of Vietnam-Japan relations

Diplomatic Writings外蕃通書 (also known as 外蕃書翰, which literally means “pappers and ink of diplomacy”) is a collection of diplomatic texts between Tokugawa Bakufu and the representatives of neibouring nations such as Korea, the Philippines, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Those writings were exchanged from the seventeenth to the eighteenth century, during which the Edo period had reached its half and the Trinh and Nguyen families of Vietnam were fighting against each other. The writings were collected and edited by Kondo Juzo 近藤 重蔵 (also known as Kondo Morishige 守重) (1771 - 1892), who was a scholar and vassal of Tokugawa Bakufu. Diplomatic Writings consists of 27 volumes, including a volume for the content list. Diplomatic writings with Vietnam were sorted in the section named “An Nam Nation Writings” 安南國書. The collection was composed from 1808 to 1819, presented in traditional Chinese, ancient Japanese, and Katakana. The “An Nam Nation Writings” section consists of writings from Bakufu Tokugawa to Lord Nguyen in the South of Vietnam and Lord Trinh in the North of Vietnam, and vice versa, discussing diplomacy, commerce, and protections for Japanese citizens commercing in Vietnam. This is one in the oldest writing collection about Vietnam-Japan relations. This article introduces and studies the section “An Nam Nation Writings” in Diplomatic Writings.

斷續지표 기능의 通時的 변화

The language has been changed, is being changed, and will be changed continually. And the function of language is also being changed. We have many diachronic change about the function of connecting-stopping. The sound arrangement of ancient japanese is related to the function of connection-stopping which has 3 rules : goto-dakuon, ragyoon, and hiatus. The rule of goto-dakuon and ragyoon has been managing the function of connecting-stopping from ancient language to current language. But the rule of hiatus has been maintained completely for ancient language however is not that much applied to mordern language. That`s why the internal-hiatus has been increased in mordern language through i-onbin, u-onbin, hagyotenkoon, and influence of kanjion. As the above happened, hiatus can`t maintain connecting-stopping function in mordern language. Many cases of Vu hiatus occurred to changing for long-vowel however the rest of those of Vu hiatus are not changed. In case of Vu hiatus, it`s possible to make stopping between two vowelsnot make long-vowel. It has a function with symbol of stopping. Partially speaking, it`s told that Vu hiatus has a function to maintain connecting and stopping in mordern language.

Architecture and Paper Structures – Could Paper-Folding Become a Methodology in Architecture?

When we think of paper-folding, we usually think first of the name that is usually associated with it: origami. But in the field of architecture, origami is more than just imagining an animal or flower which is what this word usually brings to mind. In architecture, we extend the meaning to take in the real essence of the word – that of great structural and constructional loads. The basic unit of origami – the fold – allows us to start manipulating space and even to create space itself. Paper-folding, with its spatial modelling potential, is to three-dimensionality what drawing is to two-dimensionality. It is after all an ancient Japanese art which encapsulates the advantages of intuitive thinking and fast modelling, once the basic elements of folding are known. Heino Engel (2001) in his book “Structural Systems”, describes intensive studies on types of structures which derive from this systematization. And the architect Ming Tang often uses structures in his projects which clearly originate in the concept of origami, and he correlates these structures with sustainable materials. The architect Michael Hansmeyer manages to incorporate all the beauty of the action of folding with the help of a computer, where the final result is a shape that approaches a real application at an architectural level. Over time, there have been numerous people who have found a relationship between the harmony and proportions of paper-folding and their own studies and projects. What is missing is a single point where clear concepts on the possibilities of folding and the results of those who have experimented with it can be brought together. This cataloguing, which is being carried out in this Master’s dissertation, is intended to be a contribution to the design method in architecture, through which the architect may achieve spatial dexterity over a piece of paper.

A Peculiar Case of Suicide Enacted Through the Ancient Japanese Ritual of Jigai

In the past, self-infliction of sharp force was a classic form of suicide, while in modern times it is quite rare, constituting only 2% to 3% of all self-inflicted deaths. In Japan, the jigai (Japanese characters: see text) ritual is a traditional method of female suicide, carried out by cutting the jugular vein using a knife called a tantō. The jigai ritual is the feminine counterpart of seppuku (well-known as harakiri), the ritual suicide of samurai warriors, which was carried out by a deep slash into the abdomen. In contrast to seppuku, jigai can be performed without assistance, which was fundamental for seppuku.The case we describe here involves an unusual case of suicide in which the victim was a male devotee of Japanese culture and weapons. He was found dead in his bathtub with a deep slash in the right lateral-cervical area, having cut only the internal jugular vein with a tantō knife, exactly as specified by the jigai ritual.

Why Do Young Males Attack Schools? Seven Discipline Leaders Share Their Perspectives

Mass shootings in public places such as political rallies in Arizona, movie theaters in Colorado, and grade schools in Connecticut and Norway are some of the most horrifying events we face in the 21st century. The time has come for us to research, understand, and communicate the causes for perpetrators who wreak such havoc on unsuspecting, unprepared, innocent people. The time has come for a peer-reviewed scientific journal to do everything possible to explore the contributing factors of such violent acts in order to mitigate or prevent them in the future. To this end, Violence and Gender has assembled a multidisciplinary panel of experts to look at the basic information regarding shooters--generally white males between fifteen and thirty years of age--from a wide range of scientific and behavioral perspectives as a foundation for understanding "why." Language: en

The characteristic features of the ancient Japanese village

The characteristic features of the ancient Japanese village

Green, Scalable, Binderless Fabrication of a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nonwoven Fabric Based on an Ancient Japanese Paper Process

We propose a fabrication method for carbon nanotube (CNT) nonwoven fabrics based on an ancient Japanese papermaking process where paper is made from natural plant fibers. In our method, CNT nonwoven fabrics are made by a scalable process of filtering binder-free, aqueous suspensions of CNTs. The aqueous suspension of these entangled single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) aggregates enabled smooth filtration through a cellulose filter with large pores (8 μm). The "wet SWNT cakes," which were composed solely of SWNT and water and obtained after filtration, were press-dried to fabricate an SWNT nonwoven fabric. This environmentally friendly process employs water and the raw CNT material alone. Moreover, the scalability of this process was demonstrated by manufacturing a large area (A3, 30 × 42 cm; thickness: 40-150 μm), self-supporting SWNT nonwoven fabric with a density of 0.4 g/cm(3), a basis weight of 0.2 g/m(2) , a porosity of 63%, and a specific surface area of 740 m(2)/g. This SWNT nonwoven fabric is anticipated to find application as functional particle-supported sheets, electrode materials, and filters.