Ancient Fortifications Research Articles

Suivre le chemin des nouveaux immigrés dans la ville : le cas de Châtelet de 1867 à 1900

If mobility in space is a démographie phenomenon still little known for the XIXth century, this is all the more true as concerns migration within the same town. Yet the phenomenon is important is important both in numbers and so as to be able to account for spatial segregation and social mobility within urban populations. In this paper, we have followed the movements of a thousand new immigrants coming from the country between 1867 and 1872 in the town of Châtelent and the industrial area of Charleroi. First, where do the immigrants go when they arrive in the town ? By carving up the town into districts, we have noticed that two types of neighbourhoods concentrate the most neweomers : intra muros neighbourhoods with a very dense and mobile population and extra muros neighbourhoods near the coal extraction sites. In all cases, the historical centre of the town, circled off by ancient fortifications, is abandoned. Furthermore, it appears that about half of the immigrants remains less than two years in their first lodgings in Châtelet, while one out of five stays for ten or more years. In following the migrations of these immigrants over three decades until the 1900 census, it can be ascertained that some two thirds left the town- the most often for another industrial township. Among the others remaining in the town, one out of five stayed in the same neighbourhood, even on the same street, two out of five changed neighbourhoods and the two others died. Of the 604 interior migrations of the immigrants over the three decades under observation, 23% took place on the same street, 21% were to another street of the same neighbourhood and 56% to another neighbourhood altogether. In all cases, the "peripheral" districts near the expanding coal-mines draw the most immigrants, spurred on by certain "informed" investors who hastily build row houses to absorb the town's demographic expansion.

Ancient Fortification - Symphorien Van De Maele, John M. Fossey (edd.): Fortificationes Antiquae (Including the Papers of a Conference Held at Ottawa University, October 1988). (McGill University Monographs in Classical Archaeology and History, 12.) Pp. xvi+294; 78 figs., 74 plates. Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben, 1992. Cased, fl. 130.

Ancient Fortification - Symphorien Van De Maele, John M. Fossey (edd.): Fortificationes Antiquae (Including the Papers of a Conference Held at Ottawa University, October 1988). (McGill University Monographs in Classical Archaeology and History, 12.) Pp. xvi+294; 78 figs., 74 plates. Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben, 1992. Cased, fl. 130.

The 1902 Peléean deposits in the Fort Cemetery of St. Pierre, Martinique: a model for the accumulation of turbulent nuées ardentes

The ancient Fort Cemetery, located at the northwestern limit of St. Pierre, has been left undisturbed since 1902 and, therefore, offers a unique opportunity to study the deposits of the eruptions that destroyed the city. Six eruption units were found overlying the floor of the cemetery, leaving an average 1.6-m-thick deposit. The city was hit by four major nuées which occurred on May 8, 20, June 6, and August 30. The May 20 and June 6 eruption units are each made of three beds. The basal bed always lacks fines, and is generally massive. The middle bed is normally graded on which dune-type cross bedding is superimposed in the May 20 deposit. The upper bed, the thinnest, has the finest grain size of the eruption unit, and is normally graded. True parallel laminae were only observed in the upper bed. The May 8 eruption unit is essentially made of fines-depleted, massive lapilli and tuff. The evidence strongly suggests that the deposits of the middle and upper beds accumulated from turbulent suspensions. The absence of structures in the basal bed is not conclusive evidence of laminar flow deposition, and its characteristics are similar to deposits that have accumulated from highly concentrated turbulent suspensions. The lack of fines observed only in the basal bed, is attributed to gravity segregation helped by vaporization of water present in the underlying deposits, and for the May 8 deposit, to escaping gas produced by the destruction of the vegetation, during or immediately after deposition, which could explain the absence of primary structures in the basal bed. The fine-grained deposits of Mt. Pelée show a primary-structure sequence similar to the turbidite sequence and are therefore interpreted in terms of decreasing flow velocity and grain size, with time at a fixed site.

An Ancient Fort on Mount Oneion

An Ancient Fort on Mount Oneion

Ancient Egyptian Fortifications

Ancient Egyptian Fortifications

Ancient Egyptian Fortifications

Ancient Egyptian Fortifications

Two Parallel Tears at Takasimizu Hill near Akita and their Probable Bearing on the Great Akita Earthquake of 830

Akita, one of our oldest fortified towns was violently shaken in 830. The various damages, landslides, and the sudden change in the course of the river Omono caused by this earthquake are satisfactorily explained by assuming that both the Akita- and Takasimizu-tears were then active. These faults run nearly W to t across the hill on which the ancient fort of Akita was situated. In both faufts the throw is about 20m and the horizontal displacement about 500m. They cut through petroliferous Neogene Tertiary and the Terauti beds which are old Quaternary fresh-water deposits in this district. As recent deposits cover alwost, the whole of the faults, they are very imperfectly exposed. Their sites were determined by means of key-beds obtained from oil-well records as well as by the geological survey of Takasimizu hill.

Notice of an Ancient Fort at Greenford, near Arbroath

Notice of an Ancient Fort at Greenford, near Arbroath

XXXII.—Dry River Channels in the Neighbourhood of Muirkirk

Whilst hunting up archaeological remains in the parish of Muirkirk in October, 1894, I stumbled across some curious old Dry River Channels, of which I shall now give a short account. First. —For a short way in the neighbourhood of Priesthill the Ponesk Water flows west, then with a radius of about two furlongs it wheels round and flows through a deep glen in a south-easterly direction. Towards the south-west side of this bend there are—on the inside of the curve—two projecting promontories of rock, both of which have been cut off to a certain extent by two channels. When on the high ground on the south side of the Ponesk Water I saw the first one—that lowest down the stream—for a time I was fairly deceived by it, believing it to be the ditch or moat of an ancient fort. After an examination I have now not the slightest doubt that the point of land cut off by this old high and dry channel has been used at one time as a fort. It is scarped round the side towards the stream, and right across the centre of the ditch or channel there is an entrance roadway, raised 5 feet above the bottom, exactly in the manner we see adopted in connection with many of the existing old forts. The length of this channel is 321 paces; it curves slightly, and towards its south-east end it is between 20 and 30 feet deep. It appears to be cut entirely out This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract

Notes on the Ancient Fortifications in the Black Isle, Ross-shire

Notes on the Ancient Fortifications in the Black Isle, Ross-shire

Archæological Researches in Kentucky and Indiana

IN January last Mr. Putnam laid before the Society of Natural History of Boston, U.S., an extended account of his recent archaeological researches in Kentucky and Indiana, in which he had examined several rock-shelters, caves, mounds, and circular graves. He called attention to the numerous ancient fortifications in the Ohio valley, and gave a description of two which he had visited in Indiana. These fortifications are generally earthworks, many of them of great extent; but there have been several discovered in which immense walls of stone have been used, extending in one case to j several hundred feet in length, and to nearly ten feet in height; whilst in another instance a wall about seventy-five feet in height had been erected to fill a gap in the otherwise nearly precipitous natural wall. The stones of these walls were simply laid, one overlapping another, so as to break joints, without cement of any kind. Mr. Putnam exhibited to the meeting a number of human skulls and other bones found under various conditions, and pointed out that while the skulls of the New England Indians were long and narrow and belonged to the dolichocephali, those from the mounds, the circular graves, the stone graves, and the caves were of the short, broad and high type, or the brachicephali. In the caves, however, there were two, if not three, classes of burials, and at least two well-marked forms of skull. The skulls he found in graves protected with slabs of stone were all of a form very closely resembling the high, short and broad crania of the mound builders; those of the numerous skeletons from the caves were characterised by the marked depression of the frontal bone and the equally marked concavity on the anterior part of the parietals; and the skulls from the circular graves were distinguished from the others by their decided width and shortness, and the more vertical occipital portion.

On Earthworks and Other Ancient Fortifications in the County of Norfolk, Visited in 1857

On Earthworks and Other Ancient Fortifications in the County of Norfolk, Visited in 1857

On Earthworks and Other Ancient Fortifications in the County of Norfolk, Visited in 1857

On Earthworks and Other Ancient Fortifications in the County of Norfolk, Visited in 1857

Ancient fortification: hertstone, pale, brecost

Ancient fortification: hertstone, pale, brecost Get access C. J. C. J. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s1-VIII, Issue 195, 23 July 1853, Page 78, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s1-VIII.195.78c Published: 23 July 1853

Plan of an Ancient Fortification at Marietta, Ohio

Plan of an Ancient Fortification at Marietta, Ohio

III. On the Granite Tors of Cornwall.

I have the honor of presenting to the Society three drawings which I have selected from my portfolio, for the purpose of illustrating the changes which the influence of time and weather produces on certain varieties of granite. The subjects are all chosen among the granites of the west of England; and that I might at the same time preserve memorials of circumstances which are remarkable independently of their geological interest, I have taken two of my examples from places which have called forth more admiration from the common spectator than even from the philosopher, and which form two points of attraction for the curious or idle who annually visit Cornwall. Not only indeed have idle curiosity and ignorant speculation busied themselves in accounting for phenomena which many of the vulgar have deemed little less than miraculous, but learned antiquaries have tortured their inventions and have constructed religious systems for the purpose of explaining these very simple and intelligible natural appearances, by the rites of a mysterious and Druidical worship. I trust I shall be pardoned, if while I deduce from these facts the geological consequences which depend on them, I likewise give a more particular detail of the appearances themselves which have excited so much of the attention of all visitors. The Logging rock (Pl. III.) is situated on a peninsula of granite, in the parish of St. Levin, which stretches out about 200 yards into the sea, its isthmus still exhibiting remains of the ancient fortification of Castle