Ancient Chinese Philosophy Research Articles

A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT CHINESE PHILOSOPHY REGARDING MUSIC EDUCATION

The work reveals the features of ancient Chinese philosophy in the context of music education. The specific characteristics of the corresponding ancient Chinese concepts are considered. The theories of music education in the works of the followers of Confucianism and Taoism are described. The development and evolution of thought regarding teaching the art of music to the younger generation is presented in a historical perspective. The author analyses the educational function of music in Chinese culture, as well as elements of the state official propaganda in music education in Ancient China. The influence of the traditions of Chinese philosophy on modern philosophy of music and music pedagogy in the People's Republic of China is considered. It is concluded that the Chinese philosophy of music education is based on harmony and aesthetic pleasure from performing and listening to a piece of music, as well as on performing various rituals.

Problems Of Many-Valued Logic from The Point of View of The Theory of Socio-Cultural Code

It is shown that there are prerequisites for returning to the original interpretation of logic as the science of the laws of thought. Using the methods of the neural network theory of the noosphere, it is proved that the nature of thinking is significantly influenced by the socio-cultural code of the ethnic/social system. A connection is revealed between philosophical categories as basic undefined concepts and archetypes, understood according to Jung. It is proved that the formalization of the laws of thinking, built on multi-valued logic, should operate not only and not so much with the concepts of natural language, but with “reflection quanta” lying on the archetypal level of consciousness. It is shown that the category of truth underlying classical logic can also be interpreted as a “reflection quantum”, but which has undergone a formalization procedure. It is demonstrated how exactly the apparatus of multi-valued logic can be applied to identifying links between the "quanta of reflection", which can be considered as a generalization of the rules of reasoning established in classical logic, dating back to Aristotle. The category “Qi”, which underlies ancient Chinese philosophy and is inseparable from the Chinese sociocultural code, was used as an example. Meaning of this category in the version that is assimilated by European and Eurasian sociocultural codes is revealed.

The Main Framework of Ancient Chinese Management Thought from the Perspective of Traditional Culture

Ancient Chinese management philosophy is an important component of traditional Chinese culture, reflecting the thinking and summary of management practices by ancient Chinese people. This article summarizes the core viewpoints of major schools of thought such as Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism from the perspective of traditional culture, as well as their implications for modern management. Through in-depth exploration of ancient management ideas, we can better understand the values and management concepts of traditional Chinese culture, and provide inspiration and reference for contemporary management practices.

PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRADITIONAL IMAGE OF NATURE IN ANCIENT CHINESE PHILOSOPHY

The article is devoted to the modern analysis of approaches to the image of nature in Ancient Chinese philosophy. In the research, the author focuses attention on the image of nature as an important element for research in ecological and philosophical discourses. The concept of understanding the concept of Nature in ancient Chinese philosophy is revealed. Attention is drawn to the peculiarity of Ancient Chinese philosophy as one of the oldest philosophies in the world, the specifics of its thinking and understanding of nature are revealed, which influenced the development of human civilization in general. The main question of this study is the analysis of approaches to the transcription of the image of nature in ancient Chinese philosophy and its significance for modern human civilization. By reviewing and analyzing the relevant literature, the evolution of this phenomenon is revealed.

“Chineseness”: A Discussion on Cases Related to Tulou in Contemporary Chinese Architecture

The article delves into the concept of “Chineseness” in contemporary Chinese architecture, a strategic tool for creating distinctive styles rooted in Chinese identity. It serves not only to distinguish projects from market-driven trends but also to establish a pivotal position in the global architectural landscape. "Chineseness" among 24 identified keywords represents a practical strategy embraced by many young architects with international exposure. The traditional Chinese dwelling, a symbol of familial and cultural essence, particularly in the context of home culture, is a primary inspiration for contemporary architects. The research adopts a case study approach, focusing on Tulou-related cases from the last fifteen years, encompassing various building types. The Tulou, a mountain-dwelling with rich cultural connotations, is introduced, reflecting ancient Chinese philosophies in its architectural principles. The case studies, including URBANUS’s “Tulou Collective Housing 2008" and Chengdu’s “Tulou Theater,” demonstrate how Tulou prototypes can be creatively adapted. These designs not only replicate forms but also capture the communal spirit inherent in traditional dwellings. “Stepped Courtyards” by OPEN Architecture reinterprets Tulou typology for a staff dormitory, emphasizing community awareness. In conclusion, the concept of “Chineseness” emerges as a prominent topic, showcasing the dynamic and adaptable nature of traditional Chinese culture and modern architectural expressions. The cases illustrate the evolving intersection between traditional Chinese culture and modern architecture, offering insights into the future trajectory of Chinese architectural culture. The interrelated keywords highlight the nuanced and evolving nature of “Chineseness” in architectural practices.

<b>Ancient Chinese Philosophy in Korea: Implied Influences of Confucianism in Contemporary Korea and the Korean Idealistic Alteration</b>

This paper methodically described the implied influences that the traditional Chinese philosophy of Confucianism enacts in contemporary Korea. In ancient times, Korea has a strong link to China and has imported China’s traditions and thoughts that contributed in the enrichments of Korean culture, while Confucianism is an ideal representative among them. After 2000s, Confucianism preserved in the sociocultural aspect of Korea as part of its tradition. However, the younger generation’s thoughts and habits are highly affected by the Korean Wave and the advancements of eras, therefore, certain idealistic alteration in contemporary Korea have produced. By clarifying the implicit influences of Confucianism in current Korean society and its unique alteration, this paper can contribute in the research field of Korean culture while also provide a fair view regarding the cultural exports of Confucianism from ancient China.

CHINESE AND EUROPEAN LINGUISTIC TRADITIONS AS WORLDVIEW VARIATIONS

This article explores the differences between European and Chinese cognitive strategies as the basis for the "non-adaptability" of European grammatical categories to the Chinese language and the absence of "grammar" in the Chinese linguistic heritage. The analysis of linguistic elements involved in the formation and nomination of fundamental concepts of ancient and ancient Chinese philosophy identifies two distinct initial models of the world: a matter-oriented model and an energy-oriented model. This is based on the universality of the concept of "model-dependent realism" in relation to cognition. The energy-oriented picture of the world coincides with the unmanifest Principle's incomprehensibility, whereas the matter-oriented model correlates with the human mind's knowledge of the world's laws. The matter-oriented model has given rise to a methodologically reductionist approach to cognition, including language cognition. European grammar was looking for answers to the following questions: "What units exist?", "In what relations are they with each other?" and "What laws describe these relations?". When the studied languages were formed during the implementation of the same initial matter-oriented model of the world, this approach.

Formation of philosophical and legal ideas of Taoism

The article examines the philosophical trend of Taoism, which arose in ancient Chinese philosophy around the VI-V centuries BC. e. The founder of Taoism is Lao-Tzu, who formulated the system based on the principle of knowing the Tao as the only true path. The purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of philosophical and legal concepts that arose within the framework of Taoism. The interaction between the key principles of Taoist philosophy and the legal system is highlighted, as well as the impact of this interaction on the formation of socio-cultural norms and values is evaluated.
 Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching defines the key concepts and ideas of Taoism. Attention is drawn to the important statements of Lao Tzu, which reveal the relationship between Taoism and life, morality and nature.
 The article examines the views of various scientists on the principles of Taoism. The text also analyzes the main principles of Taoism, expressed in the «Tao-De-Ching». The Tao is considered as the ruling law of all that exists, inaccessible to the senses, associated with natural chaos. The principle of «u-wei» is defined as a return to the original nature.
 Special attention is paid to the principle of non-intervention, which means a unique approach to state management. According to the opinion of one of the scientists identified in this work, the ruler, following the principles of Taoism, should not intervene by force in natural processes, but should act in accordance with the natural properties of things.
 Emphasis is placed on the fact that with the help of such principles, the state, according to the teachings of Lao Tzu, develops in its own way, without artificial intervention. Criticism of the government that uses force and artificial methods shows the ineffectiveness of such an approach from the point of view of Taoism. The article also examines the concept of the culture of law in the context of Taoism, where adherence to the principles of this teaching ensures legitimacy and legalization, the expression of the will of society, not the state. Emphasizes the perceived need for citizens to adhere to Taoist principles in order to achieve spiritual and physical self-improvement in relation to Taoism.
 Overall, the article reveals the key aspects and development of Taoism as an important philosophical direction in the ancient Chinese context.

The influence of the ideas of Lao Tzu, Sun Tzu and Shen Buhai on the formation of management practices in ancient China

The subject of this article is the principles of management formulated on the basis of ancient Chinese philosophy and psychology, as well as their difference from European management models. The paper explores how the ideas of such thinkers as Lao Tzu, Sun Tzu and Shen Buhai influenced the formation of management practices in ancient China. Special attention is paid to the Taoist approach, which is based on the principles of "non-action" and the hidden influence of the leader, which is opposed to the European traditions of demonstrating power through public events. The article also analyzes how these philosophical approaches can be relevant in the modern world, especially in the context of intercultural interactions and globalization. The study shows that Chinese management principles can contribute to the development of flexible and effective management models adapted to the cultural characteristics of different regions. The research methodology is based on a comparative historical analysis of the philosophical and psychological principles of management in the Chinese and European traditions. The approach of analyzing ancient Chinese treatises is used. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comparative analysis of the principles of management in the Chinese and European traditions, which is rarely covered in modern management science. Special attention is paid to the Taoist concept of "non-action" and the hidden influence of the leader, which is opposed to Western models based on the demonstration of power through public actions. The article shows that Chinese management ideas, despite their ancient origins, have significant value today, especially in the context of globalization and growing interest in alternative approaches to management. The conclusions emphasize the relevance of applying the philosophical foundations of Taoism to create a harmonious, nonviolent management style in modern organizations, which can help improve the effectiveness and adaptability of leadership, as well as reduce tension and conflict in work processes.

The Legacy of Traditional Chinese Taiji Philosophy as a Factor in Harmonizing the Contradictions of Socio-cultural Reality (using the example of Chinese Neorealist Art)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of the ancient Chinese philosophy of Taiji on artistic creativity and the development of the internal evolution of artistic culture. Taoist philosophy of nature and Confucian ethics synthesized the philosophical core of the traditional Chinese worldview with its emphasis on the simplicity and naturalness of the world order, and formed the fundamental principles of Taiji. Fundamental to Taiji, the concept of Yin and Yang emphasizes the dual nature of the existence of movement and variability as a balance of opposing forces of development. The Taiji philosophy of dialectical development is supplemented by the idea of ​​the genesis of renewal energy - Qi. The main research method is the method of revitalizing traditional systems on a new intellectual basis. The method of diachronic analysis of the social situation that influenced the development of Chinese neorealism in art was used. As a result of the study, the functional significance of the influence of the principles and philosophical ideas of taiji on the evolution of neorealism is described. Using the example of the work of Chinese neorealist artists Xin Dongwan and Zheng Yi, the authors come to the conclusion that there are three driving factors of artistic motivation for creativity: internal, external and subjective. The basic principles of Taiji philosophy and ethics, such as: the naturalness of change without the use of force (Wu Wei), change as the only constant in the existence of the world and its stability, gentleness - help develop the creative power of renewal. The idea is shown that in the ancient Chinese philosophical heritage, Confucianism and Taoism became two full-fledged directions, functionally complementing each other in explaining differences in cultural, political, philosophical and social environments.

«I Ching» in Chinese music: composition method of Chung Yiu Kwang

The subject of the study is the original author's method of composition, developed by the modern Chinese composer Chung Yiu Kwang based on the 64 hexagrams of the “I-Ching”. The ancient Chinese philosophy of taiji attracted many composers of the second half of the twentieth century. Chung Yiu Kwang developed a quasi-serial writing technique: four 12-tone fundamental series are built on the tritone relationship of two hexachords - yin and yang. The purpose of the research is to study the implementation of the basic principles of the “I-Ching” in the composition system of Chung, using the example of the composer’s only serial piece “Under The Red Eaves”. For the first time in Russian musicology, the composition method of Chung Yiu Kwang was considered; a creative portrait of the composer and an overview of his main works are presented; the path of formation of his original technique is traced; аn analysis of the first hexagrams in the orchestral play “Under The Red Eaves” was carried out. The formation of the original composition method was due to the creative interests of Chung, his studies in New York, his acquaintance with Chou Wen-Chung and his students - representatives of the Chinese New Wave - Tan Dun, Zhou Long, Chen Yi. This predetermined the musician's turn to the synthesis of the ancient Chinese philosophy “I-Ching” with Western serial methods of organizing musical texture. Based on the symbolism of hexagrams and the ancient Chinese lü scale, the author builds a three-level system of interaction of pitch relations: the level of fundamental series, the level of complementarity of yin and yang segments that give rise to 12-tone rows, and the level of alternation of yin and yang tones in accordance with the change of dotted and solid lines in hexagrams..

Ecological thinking in regenerative architecture: Relevance of abduction in ecoLogic Studio’s Deep Green research project

This article explores the connotations of regenerative architecture in the context of the Anthropocene, emphasizing the role of abduction on human cognition and its potential impact on innovation, especially when applied to a bio-cybernetic design method. The DeepGreen research project, developed by ecoLogicStudio in collaboration with the University of Innsbruck and the Bartlett UCL, serves as an exemplification of this method. The project combines biological and artificial intelligence to create an urban ecological infrastructure that integrates architectural and ecological systems. Centering on the DeepGreen project, this study discusses the creative potential and ecological embodiment of bio-cybernetic design protocols. It focuses on the mechanism of abduction in triggering innovative design solutions from a logical perspective, aligning with the principles of mind ecology at a cognitive level. The analysis suggests an innovative and ecological design thinking mode, asserting that regenerative architecture can encompass not only material aspects but also informational and spiritual dimensions. This approach ultimately promotes a holistic and harmonious urban environment. Furthermore, this research posits that the bio-cybernetic stance and the morphogenetic approach share commonalities with the holistic conception of nature and the ecological view in ancient Chinese Daoist philosophy. This contribution can potentially offer a contemporary interpretation of the Daoist principles of “Nature and Humans in One Unity (天人合一)” and “The Dao Imitates the Laws of Nature (道法自然).” Such an interpretation is deemed beneficial for addressing today’s concerns related to holistic, balanced, and harmonious urbanism. Henceforth, the study endeavors to facilitate discourse between Eastern and Western trends of thought, culminating in a cohesive yet heterogeneous regenerative approach.

A Study on the Complementary Phenomenon of Confucianism and Daoism in Wang Yangmings Thought

Wang Yangming, as a representative figure of the new Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty, was deeply influenced by the intellectual trend of synthesizing the three teachings since the Tang and Song Dynasties and the complementarity of Confucianism and Daoism. He ingeniously integrated the cultural essences of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, forming the unique philosophy of Yangmings mind. The formation of this ideology not only originated from his distant family cultural tradition but also closely related to his unique life experiences. In Yangmings mind philosophy, the complementary features of Confucianism and Daoism are particularly evident. Based on the ontology of mind philosophy, Wang Yangming actively drew on Daoist speculative philosophy, daringly questioned Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, and developed Confucianism by incorporating Daoism. This had a profound impact on the intellectual and literary artistic creation of ancient Chinese literati. His thoughts reveal the rich results brought about by the exchange and collision of diverse cultures in the development of ancient Chinese philosophy. In the history of Chinese thought, it has unique philosophical connotations and research value. Exploring the complementary phenomenon of Confucianism and Daoism in Wang Yangmings thought contributes to a deeper study and understanding of his philosophy.

Ancient Chinese Philosophy and the formation of Modern Chinese Piano Art

The article examines the influence of ancient Chinese philosophical concepts on the formation of modern piano art in China. Ancient Chinese materialistic philosophy is based on such teachings as Wu-xing and Yin-Yang, the Great Limit (Tai Chi), the eight trigrams and others. With the passage of time and the rapid development of science, these philosophical concepts not only did not lose their significance, but also had a powerful influence on the formation of modern Chinese piano creativity, deeply influenced the form and cultural connotation of Chinese music, and also became the theoretical basis for the works of many modern composers. The philosophical and aesthetic Taiji system presented by composer Zhao Xiaosheng, integrated into the modern piano composition system, marked the beginning of a revolution in the field of piano art, combining the theoretical foundations of traditional Chinese philosophy and the principles of modern composition methods. The research methodology is based on philosophical and cultural analysis, musicological analysis, and semantic analysis. Of particular interest is the comparative analysis of the musical and philosophical "Tai chi composition system" by Zhao Xiaoshen, the dodecaphony of A. Schoenberg and the set theory of M. Babbitt and A. Fort, which the Chinese composer considers the sources of his creativity. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that a correlation is proposed between the key categories of ancient Chinese philosophy and modern experiments in the field of musical expression. The authors managed to demonstrate the high degree of influence of Chinese philosophy on music, to clearly show that the basic postulates of ancient Chinese philosophy have been encoded in the basis of traditional Chinese music since ancient times, and in the twentieth century they were the basis of modern Chinese theory of composition, while playing a colossal role in identifying the common foundations of modern composition of the West and East, while preservation of local features of the diverse sphere of these cultures. The emergence and formation of a philosophical and theoretical system of musical composition, based on the concepts of classical Chinese philosophy, organically refracted in the latest achievements of Western music composition, emphasizes the ontological significance of these concepts for both Eastern and Western culture. And the creation of appropriate musical works undoubtedly leads to positive trends in the development of modern Chinese music and classical Chinese philosophy.

ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ МУЗЫКИ ЧЖАО СЯОШЭНА

The purpose of the article is to identify the musical innovations of the Chinese composer of the 20th century Zhao Xiaosheng, his contribution to the development of modern music, to trace the process of mutual influence of Chinese and Western cultures. The article provides an overview of Zhao Xiaosheng's creative path, and an analysis of his original composition system based on the integration of ancient Chinese philosophy and modern musical practice. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the correspondence between the eight parts of his piano composition "Taiji" and the eight trigrams of the ancient Chinese system "Ba Gua", which makes it possible to explicate the principles of the philosophy of Taiji through their embodiment in the music of Zhao Xiaoshen. This study offers readers a new perspective on the relationship between modern musical creativity and ancient Chinese philosophy.

Paysages culturels chinois: de l’idéal de l’équilibre entre l’homme et la nature aux formes écologiques de la vie

Abstract: Thus far, human development has been achieved at the cost of the destruction of cultural landscapes. With advent of industrial civilization, people have gained happiness and conveniences, but also confronted various cultural landscape predicaments. Environmental philosophy, a contemporary philosophy that regards the relationship between humans and nature as a fundamental issue, has focused on the protection of cultural landscapes. An analysis of ancient Chinese environmental philosophy demonstrates that ancient thinkers cared about everything in heaven and earth, and explored issues, such as a harmonious development between humans and nature, offering a novel approach to the preservation of Chinese cultural landscapes. Using Taoist environmental philosophy as an exemplar, this article provides a preliminary analysis of the definition of cultural landscapes, development of environmental philosophy and Taoist environmental philosophy. Building upon this foundation, it explores the role of environmental philosophies, such as “unity of heaven and man” in construction of ecological civilization, providing fresh perspectives for cultural landscape conservation.

El trasfondo ideológico de la antigua cultura indumentaria China

Abstract: China has been known as a country of clothing since ancient times, and its clothing culture is dazzling. Any nation’s art and culture have their specific philosophical thought background. Behind the Chinese costume culture, it also contains the ancient Chinese people’s ideological connotation. Ancient Chinese society spanned five thousand years, the social trend of thought was constantly changing, and the clothing system was also constantly updated. Through the study of the ideological history background of ancient Chinese clothing culture, we can broaden the research angle of ancient Chinese philosophy and more comprehensively understand the traditional clothing culture.

고대 중국인들의 물아(物我)에 대한 인식 구조

This paper focuses on exploring the relationship between the human body, mind, and the universe as seen in “Huai nan zi”, and identifying its integrated points. Through this, it seeks to gain insights into the essence of ancient Chinese philosophy and culture while finding clues to solve various problems that humanity faces today. In the first chapter, it delves into the interconnectivity of humans, the Tao, and the universe. Through the sentences in “Huai nan zi”, it examines the nature and principles of the universe that ancient Chinese people had explored. Clearly recorded within are the characteristics of time, space, and the relative properties of all things, such as Yin and Yang. These people would have awakened to the world with the intuition that they themselves are microcosms, parts and wholes of the Tao. In the second chapter, the theme of the recognition of light and the regression to the interior is dealt with. It discusses that in the process of irradiating the human body with light to return to a state of complete purification, or true brightness, countless repetitions overcome all kinds of physical discomforts, which then extend to the realm of the inner mind. In the third chapter, it discusses the world sensitivity of a sage, based on the ontological insights of the self and the material. In the “Yuan dao xun” section of “Huai nan zi”, it is emphasized that the satisfaction that humans actually have does not lie in the external material enjoyment, but rather, one can feel the tranquility of the mind again when one focuses on the inner peace. It argues that through this, one can experience the value and beauty of life and reach the boundary of a higher dimension.

Reframing Zhuangzi through recontextualization

Abstract Within a multimodal framework, this study investigates the images of Zhuangzi (author of the Chinese Classic 莊子 Zhuangzi) represented by the front covers of both the comic adaptation 莊子説 Zhuangzi Shuo and its three translations. It is found these covers represent different images of Zhuangzi through processes of recontextualization. In the Chinese adaptation Zhuangzi Shuo, Zhuangzi, while being emphasized as a revered ancient Chinese philosopher, is remolded from an author into a funny speaker absorbed in expressing his thoughts regardless of whether there is any audience. In Zhuangzi Speaks, an English translation published in America, Zhuangzi is repackaged as a friendly interlocutor sharing with readers his thoughts. In The Sayings of Zhuang Zi, another English translation published in Singapore, Zhuangzi is reshaped as a historical figure for detached observation, one frustrated by chaos in reality and investing his thought into his writing. In Lehrsprüche des Dschuang Dsi, a German translation translated indirectly from the Singaporean one, Zhuangzi, while being a historical figure for detached observation as well, is re-reshaped as a reputable Chinese sage, who is old-fashioned but accessible. Differences in these images can be ascribed to diverse perceptions of comics and Zhuangzi in the countries concerned.

A Study of the Early Chinese Belief in Heaven

The belief in heaven in early China is an important part of ancient Chinese philosophy and culture. There are hundreds of schools of ancient Chinese philosophy, and they have their own unique interpretation and understanding of the concept of heaven. This paper aims to explore the belief based on heaven in ancient Chinese philosophy and analyze its philosophical significance in depth, so as to understand the evolution, characteristics, and inheritance of ancient Chinese philosophy. Through the study of the belief in heaven and the concepts of Destiny of Heaven and Way of Heaven, it is found that these thoughts not only had a profound impact on the development of early Chinese philosophy but also played an important role in the formation and inheritance of Chinese culture. This kind of thought has significance beyond the times and national boundaries, giving enlightenment on the theoretical construction and practical exploration of human society.