Anchorage Method Research Articles

State of the Art in Seismic Vulnerability and Protection Strategies for Museum Artifacts: Innovations and Insights

ABSTRACT This article provides a comprehensive framework for practices and research on the seismic vulnerability and protection of museum artifacts. Earthquakes pose a significant threat to cultural heritage, necessitating the implementation of effective seismic protection measures. The study highlights various seismic mitigation techniques, including base isolation, damping systems, and anchorage methods, evaluated through case studies and numerical modeling. The timeline of seismic evaluation methods shows significant advancements from initial categorizations and analytical models to modern technologies like nylon fasteners and magnet anchors. Despite these advancements, challenges such as high costs, complexity, and the need for comprehensive risk assessments remain. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating aesthetic and functional considerations into seismic protection strategies and calls for interdisciplinary collaboration to develop innovative, cost-effective solutions. Future research directions include improving low-cost methods, integrating real-time monitoring systems, and conducting extensive field studies to refine seismic protection strategies.

Flexural performance of RC beams using hybrid anchored ​CFRP sheets with bond defects

Hybrid anchorage technique can effectively prevent end debonding and impede intermediate debonding of CFRP sheet in strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams. However, its effectiveness in the presence of bond defects at the CFRP-concrete interface is unclear. Therefore, this study conducted four-point bending tests on CFRP-strengthened RC beams, considering two factors: bond defects (with and without) and strengthening methods (externally bonded and hybrid anchorage). The results showed that bond defects can lead to premature intermediate debonding of the CFRP sheet, resulting in a 22.49% decrease in debonding load due to local stress concentration around them. Owing to the effectiveness of the hybrid anchorage method, the propagation of the intermediate debonding is significantly impeded, leading to a 4.32% and 21.61% higher in ultimate load and deflection, respectively. This is because the hybrid anchorage can control the distribution of local cracks and improve the overall stress distribution of CFRP. A finite element analysis was performed and compared against the experimental results which shows good agreement. Then, parametric analyses were conducted to further analyze the flexural behavior of the strengthened beams with bond defects. Finally, an analytical model was proposed to predict the flexural capacity of the hybrid strengthened beams with bond defects.

Effects of coenzyme Q10 on orthodontic tooth movement and alveolar bone remodeling in rats.

To evaluate the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on alveolar bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). An orthodontic appliance was placed in 42 female Sprague‒Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the orthodontic force (OF) group (n = 21) and the OF + CoQ10 (CoQ10) treatment group (n = 21). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups, and the rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 14. The rats in CoQ10 and OF groups were administered 100mg/kg b.w./day CoQ10 (in 1 mL/b.w. soybean oil) and 1 mL b.w./day soybean oil, respectively, by orogastric gavage. The OTM was measured at the end of the experiment. The osteoclast, osteoblast and capillary numbers; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), receptor activator nuclear kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegrin (OPG) levels in tissue; and total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in blood were determined. Compared with the OF group, the CoQ10 treatment group exhibited decreased orthodontic tooth movement and osteoclast and capillary numbers. Indeed, the levels of VEGF and RANKL decreased, while the levels of OPG increased except on day 7. Additionally, the CoQ10 treatment group exhibited lower TOS and higher TAS on days 7 and 14 (p < 0.05). Histological findings showed that the morphology of osteoblasts changed in the CoQ10 group; however, there was no significant difference in the number of osteoblasts between the groups (p > 0.05). Due to its effect on oxidative stress and inflammation, CoQ10 regulates bone remodeling by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation, promoting osteoblast differentiation and reducing the amount of OTM. Considering that OTM may be slowed with the use of CoQ10, topics such as orthodontic treatment duration, orthodontic force activation and appointment frequency should be considered in treatment planning. It is predicted that the use of CoQ10 will support the effectiveness of treatment in clinical applications such as preventing relapse in orthodontic treatment by regulating bone modulation and anchorage methods that suppress/optimize unwanted tooth movement.

Comparison of classical and anchorage methods in sacrospinous ligament fixation

Aims: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition that affects the quality of life in women. As a natural consequence of the aging population, it is believed that POP will increase in the next 40 years. With the increase in life expectancy, there is an expected rise in reconstructive surgical procedures to correct pelvic floor disorders. POP can occur in three vaginal compartments: anterior, apical, and posterior. The apical compartment includes uterine prolapse, cervix, or vaginal cuff prolapse. Our primary objective was to compare the surgical outcomes of the method using the classic technique with pelvic floor anchorage (anchoring). Methods: This retrospective cohort study consisted of women with POP-Q (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quarejment) grade 2 and above in the apical compartment. In the sample size calculation, G power analysis was performed with α: 0.05 and 80% accuracy. Forty-eight women were included in the study, with 24 of them undergoing the classic method and the other 24 receiving sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) using a pelvic floor anchoring device. The results of both surgical methods were compared in terms of anatomical recurrence. Results: There was no statistically significant difference observed between the postoperative measurements of the C points. However, the difference in the C level between preoperative and postoperative measurements for patients who underwent the classic SSLF operation was statistically significantly higher compared to those who underwent the Anchorage SSLF procedure. Conclusion: When comparing the classic and anchoring systems for the SSLF procedure, no difference was observed in terms of recurrence. However, the classic method was found to be more successful in restoring apical prolapse.

Experimental investigation of EBROG and bore-epoxy anchorage methods used for interior RC beam-column joints strengthened with CFRP sheets

In severe earthquakes, the energy dissipation and ductility capacities of the structures depend on the performance of the beam-column joints where the load transfer is performed. Experiences in past earthquakes have shown that damage occurs in the beam-column joints that do not have sufficient strength and rigidity. In particular, the shear failure observed in deficient detailed joints has caused the collapse of many structures. Joints are effectively retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets to increase the earthquake safety of the structures. However, the debonding problem experienced in CFRP sheets significantly affects the efficiency of the applied retrofit and the earthquake behavior of the member. In this study, the retrofit of reinforced concrete beam-column joints with deficient shear strength was carried out with CFRP sheets by using externally bonded reinforcement on grooves (EBROG) and bore-epoxy anchorage methods. These two retrofit methods were applied to effectively utilize the full capacity of CFRP sheets by delaying the debonding. Six ½ scaled reinforced concrete (RC) interior beam–column specimens without transverse reinforcement in the joint core were constructed. One reference and five retrofitted joints were subjected to displacement-controlled cyclic loading. The shear failures in the specimens were delayed until advanced displacement levels. The use of EBROG and bore-epoxy anchorage methods improved the yield load of the specimens by 32 % to 69.05 % compared to the reference specimen. Additionally, significant increases were observed in the initial stiffness, load-carrying, and energy dissipation capacities of the retrofitted specimens up to 68 %, 64 %, and 104 %, respectively. The ductility of the retrofitted specimens increased by approximately 7 % to 26 %. The EBROG and bore-epoxy anchorage methods proved to be highly successful in preventing the early debonding of CFRP sheets. In specimens strengthened with EBROG and bore-epoxy anchorage methods, the displacement values at which the FRP sheets began to debonding approximately doubled. It was concluded that EBROG and bore-epoxy anchorage methods were more effective than the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) method in improving the overall structural performance of the joints.

Experimental investigation on anchoring and bonding properties between Fe-SMA strip and concrete

In the technical system of the previous investigations, the prevalent method for external prestressed strengthening of concrete structures with iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) strips is mechanical anchoring (without bonding). However, there is currently a lack of research on the adhesively bonded situation. In order to enhance the comprehension of the mechanical behavior of Fe-SMA/concrete joints, a total of 18 lap-shear test specimens were meticulously prepared, encompassing three distinct anchorage methods (single anchor-bolt anchorage, single-adhesive anchorage, and hybrid anchorage). The test series encompasses three varying bond lengths (300 mm, 350 mm, and 400 mm), three different activation temperatures (non-activated state, 200 ℃, and 300 ℃), as well as three diverse numbers of anchor bolts (1 bolt, 2 bolts, and 3 bolts). The bond-slip relationship before and after thermal activation was analyzed based on the data obtained from digital image correlation (DIC) tests. The results indicated that two or more anchors ensured strip rupture, exerting 40 % of its tensile strength. Single-adhesive bonding results highlighted the necessity for preventing debonding. The hybrid-anchorage method with anchor bolts and adhesive exerted 47 % strip strength and higher bond-slip stiffness. At 200 ℃ activation temperature, the interface rupture energy of the single-adhesive bonded specimen increased by approximately 30 %, but decreased by 22 % at 300 ℃. This paper provided an important reference for external prestressed strengthening of concrete structures with Fe-SMA strips under different situations.

Enhancing orthodontic precision: A comprehensive review of temporary anchorage devices

Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have revolutionized orthodontic treatment by providing additional support for tooth movement, enabling precise control over tooth positioning, and expanding the scope of treatment options available to orthodontists. Temporary anchoring devices (TADs) provide a dependable means of accomplishing efficient and consistent tooth movement, and have emerged as a key breakthrough in modern orthodontic practice.: The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of TADs, including their types, applications, advantages, and limitations. : The review begins by elucidating the various types of TADs, such as mini-implants, miniplates, and microscrews, highlighting their differences in design, placement techniques, and biomechanical characteristics. Subsequently, it explores the diverse clinical applications of TADs, ranging from orthodontic tooth movement, space closure, intrusion, and extrusion to the management of skeletal discrepancies and complex cases requiring multidisciplinary approaches.: Moreover, the review examines the advantages offered by TADs, including enhanced treatment precision, reduced reliance on patient compliance, and the ability to achieve challenging tooth movements with minimal side effects. It also addresses the limitations and potential complications associated with TADs, such as risk of infection, mucosal irritation, and mechanical failure, emphasizing the importance of careful patient selection, proper placement techniques, and vigilant monitoring throughout treatment, highlighting their potential to further enhance orthodontic outcomes and patient satisfaction.: The significant role of temporary anchorage devices in modern orthodontic practice, emphasizing their versatility, efficacy, and potential to optimize treatment outcomes while minimizing the reliance on traditional anchorage methods and enhancing patient comfort and experience.

Comparison of the Extent of Root Resorption in Maxillary Anterior Teeth Retracted using Regular Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADS) Versus Conventional Anchorage Methods: A Retrospective Study

Aim The aim of this study will be to compare the amount of root resorption of maxillary anterior retracted with anterior TADs,regular TADs and without skeletal anchorage.  Materials and methods: Samples for the study will be the patients undergone orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics,K.V.G. Dental College and Hospital, Sullia Sample size of 45 patients will be divided in to 3 groups . ,Group 1 consists of patients treated with anterior TADs, Group2 consists of patients treated with regular TADs and Group 3 consists of patients treated without skeletal anchorage for retraction of maxillary anteriors. Root resorption will be measured by comparing pretreatment and post treatment intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPAR) radiographs.  Result- The study meticulously compared root resorption levels among three groups: Conventional, Anterior Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs), and Posterior TADs. Anterior TADs exhibited the highest mean root resorption, significantly higher than both Conventional and Posterior TADs. Statistical analyses confirmed these differences, highlighting the impact of anchorage method on root resorption. Pairwise comparisons and confidence intervals further supported the findings, emphasizing the nuanced variations observed.

Temporary skeletal anchorage – possibilities and mechanism of application. Literature review

To date, the use of a temporary skeletal anchorage in orthodontic treatment in almost every clinical case. Despite this, there are only two variants of this surgical instrument: mini-screws and mini-plates. Both variants of the skeletal anchorage have their positive and negative qualities, which, to one degree or another, affect the result and timing of treatment. The purpose of this literature review is to describe the main methods of using temporary skeletal anchorage, in which clinical cases their use is possible and contraindicated, as well as what positive and negative aspects can be observed during and after the treatment of orthodontic patients. The search for scientific data was carried out in the PubMed database using such keywords as: orthodontic skeletal anchorage, temporary anchorage, orthodontic mini-screw, orthodontic mini-plate. A literature search revealed that temporary skeletal anchorage allows the surgeon and orthodontist to predictably make changes to the jaw bones that were previously only possible with orthognathic surgery. Before installing a mini-screw or mini-plate, careful planning in the form of an examination and x-ray examination should be carried out. Ultimately, informed consent should be obtained explaining to the patient that orthognathia may still be necessary if the skeletal anchorage method fails. Although this is still a relatively new technique, some issues need to be considered and further clinical research is needed.

An Improved Anchorage System for L-Shaped FRP Composites to Enhance the Seismic Response of Beam-Column Joints in a Low-Strength Substandard Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frame

Reinforced concrete buildings are prone to collapse during seismic events due to the brittle shear failure of non-seismic beam-column joints (BCJ). In this study, two one-third scale reinforced concrete (RC) frames incorporating various non-seismic details were tested under lateral cyclic loading. One of the RC frames was used as control, while the other was strengthened using externally bonded carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets in a L-Shaped configuration with particular attention to anchorage to evade debonding. For the strengthening process, L-shaped CFRP sheets were bonded to the inner face of columns, extended on beams both above and below the joint up to a hinge length. To avert debonding, the L-shaped CFRP sheets were fully wrapped with CFRP sheets around the column, both near the joint and at the end of the sheet. The sheets were also wrapped around the beam, through two slots in the slab that were adjacent to the beam-column interface and at the far end of the sheet. Test results confirmed that the installation of CFRP sheets in an L-shaped configuration altered the brittle-shear failure mechanism of the beam-column joints to a ductile failure by repositioning the hinges away from the columns. Additionally, the proposed anchorage method successfully eradicated the debonding and peel-off of the CFRP sheets. Moreover, strengthening with the CFRP sheets in the L-shaped configuration enhanced the strength and ductility of the RC frame by 45% and 43%, respectively. According to the findings of this study, the application of L-shaped CFRP sheets proved effective in strengthening RC frame structures.

Experimental study on flexural performance of composite slabs with bent bars and postcast ultrahigh‐performance concrete joints

AbstractThis paper describes the use of joints with bent bars and postcast ultrahigh‐performance concrete (UHPC) joints to enable formwork‐free and support‐free construction of composite slabs. To investigate their flexural performance, static loading tests on three full‐scale simply‐supported slabs and one monolithic slab were carried out. Flexural capacity, stiffness, and crack development were recorded, resulting on flexural failure experienced by all specimens. Main cracks of composite specimens developed along the UHPC–normal concrete interface, and cracks on both sides of the UHPC joint developed evenly, similar with that of the monolithic specimen. Besides, composite slabs and a monolithic slab showed similar flexural capacity. UHPC joint was not cracked when failure occurred, and bottom bars were anchored and connected in the UHPC joint, proving that the flexural anchorage method is feasible. The average strain of the composite specimen across the UHPC joint was still consistent with the assumption of plain section, and there was an approximate linear relationship between the expansion width of the joint at the bottom of the slab and the maximum crack width at bottom bars. Moreover, middle bars contributed to the flexural capacity and stiffness of composite specimens, while horse stool reinforcement may effectively prevent the interface shear failure on the composite interface. Based on test results, the formula to control cracking of UHPC is given in this paper. The design methods on flexural capacity, stiffness, and expansion width of composite slabs are also presented and discussed.

Flexural Behavior of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Partially Bonded Reinforced Concrete Beams with Different Anchorage Methods

Flexural Behavior of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Partially Bonded Reinforced Concrete Beams with Different Anchorage Methods

Effect of Different Anchorage Reinforcement Methods on Long-Term Maxillary Whole Arch Distalization with Clear Aligner: A 4D Finite Element Study with Staging Simulation.

The objective of this study was to examine how various anchorage methods impact long-term maxillary whole arch distalization using clear aligners (CAs) through an automated staging simulation. Three different anchorage reinforcement methods, namely, Class II elastics, buccal temporary anchorage device (TAD), and palatal TAD, were designed. Orthodontic tooth movement induced by orthodontic forces was simulated using an iterative computation method. Additionally, the automatic adjustment of the CA was simulated through the application of the thermal expansion method. The results indicated that the palatal TAD group had the largest retraction of incisors, followed by the buccal TAD group and the Class II elastic group, while the least was in the control group. The largest distal displacements and efficiency of molar distalization for the first and the second molars were noticed in the palatal TAD group. Arch width increased at the molar and premolar levels in all groups. The FEM results suggested palatal TAD had the best performance considering anterior teeth anchorage maintenance, both sagittally and vertically. However, attention should be paid to the possible increasement of arch width.

A review on flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates

In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s economy, reinforced concrete structure as an economical and good mechanical properties material, is widely used in buildings. In bridge engineering, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer materials is mostly used as externally bonded reinforcement for flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. However, this method makes the strength of CFRP plates cannot be fully utilized, while the prestressed technology can significantly improve the efficiency of CFRP materials and the flexural strength of the RC beams. This paper compares different methods of prestressed CFRP plates strengthening RC beams and discuss the development of the technology. The results shows that RC beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates have better flexural performance. The cracking, yield and ultimate loads increase significantly compared with ordinary beams or non-prestressed strengthened beams. The effectiveness of strengthening process are related to many factors ranging from anchorage methods, prestress levels, ratio of corrosion to bond length. Future research suggestions are also given. At present, most of the experiments are operated in ordinary environment, which is different from the project in real life. More testing environment like chlorine corrosion must be considered. The trials about prestress loss during strengthening process are not enough. There also need more comparative trials in prestressed CFRP plates strengthening concerning prestress loss and non-prestressed CFRP plates.

Energy balance support method in soft rock tunnel with energy absorbing anchor cable

Deformation and failure phenomena in rock mass after excavation can be described from the energy perspective, i.e. the work done by external forces increases the energy, thereby exceeding the energy storage limit of rock mass, resulting in the release of residual energy. Currently, energy-absorbing anchor supports have been used for stability control of surrounding rocks to avoid engineering failure by large deformations of soft rocks. However, the design of energy-absorbing anchor support still depends on field experience and engineering tests. In particular, under the influence of structural plane, the characteristics of energy transfer of surrounding rock with energy-absorbing anchorage are still unclear. In this paper, a design method of energy anchorage considering the influence of structural plane based on the theory of energy balance is proposed, which is corroborated by numerical simulation, similar simulation, and engineering application. The study demonstrates that under the effect of ground stresses, the arch support alone cannot absorb the deformation energy produced by the surrounding rock, leading to a significant region of the plastic zone and deformation instability. Under the control of ordinary anchor cable, the deformation of surrounding rock and the extension of the plastic zone are further alleviated; however, some anchor cable tensile fractures still occur. The energy-absorbing anchor cable scheme is created following the energy balancing concept. The surrounding rock deformation is maintained in an ideal range, while the plastic zone area is substantially reduced. The final engineering application also validates the accuracy of the energy-absorption anchorage design based on the energy balance theory, which provides a theoretical and practical basis for the application in similar projects.

Feasibility of hybrid waste fishing net textile and fiber reinforced cementitious composites in strengthening concrete and retrofitting damaged concrete

This study investigated the feasibility of hybrid waste fishing net (W) textile and fiber reinforced cementitious composites (HWRCCs) for strengthening and/or retrofitting structural concrete. W textile and fibers (WT and WF, respectively), cut from two types of W, were used as hybrid reinforcements within HWRCCs for strengthening/retrofitting normal concrete with various types of anchorage methods. The compressive and flexural behavior of concrete strengthened by using HWRCCs were compared with those of non-strengthened normal concrete and those of strengthened concrete using commercial glass textile reinforced cementitious composites (GTRCC). The axial load carrying, and flexural load of normal concrete were significantly increased as strengthening by HWRCCs, and the flexural load of damaged concrete after retrofitting by HWRCCs was even higher than that of normal concrete, even though the mechanical properties of concrete strengthening by using HWRCCs were lower than those of concrete strengthening by using GTRCC. The use of epoxy resin was more effective than that of mechanical anchors for strengthening/retrofitting structural concrete with HWRCCs.

Steel-concrete composite beams strengthened with NSM CFRP systems at the hogging-moment regions

Compared with conventional strengthening methods, the near-surface mounted (NSM) technique is more suitable for strengthening steel–concrete composite beams, especially at the hogging-moment regions. This paper investigates the flexural performance of steel–concrete composite beams strengthened with NSM CFRP systems. Four-point bending tests are carried out on four composite beam specimens, including one control beam without strengthening and three strengthened beams with NSM CFRP systems. The failure mode, ultimate load-carrying capacity, deflection distribution, and material strain distribution of the composite beams are presented, based on which the effects of the anchorage method and the number of CFRP bars are studied. The test results demonstrate that the main failure mode of the strengthened beams is the buckling of the steel beam. Compared with the control beam, the load-carrying capacity of the strengthened composite beams with two and four CFRP bars is increased by 10% and 20%, respectively. The use of end anchorage has a slight effect on the flexural capacity of the strengthened beams, while significantly improves the ductility during the later stage of loading. In addition, a nonlinear finite element (FE) model is proposed and calibrated, based on which a parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of the length and section area of CFRP bars, the spacing of grooves, and the thickness of bottom steel flange on the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the strengthened beams.

Flexural Behavior of Slabs with Different Anchorage Locations of Longitudinal Reinforcing Bars in a Composite Basement Wall Junction

Although the anchorage location of longitudinal reinforcing bars is a significant design element for flexural behavior, the conventional anchorage method of using longitudinal reinforcing bars has limited applications in new types of structures, such as composite structures. Therefore, this study examined the effect of the anchorage location of longitudinal reinforcing bars on the flexural behavior of slabs at the junctions of developed composite basement walls (SCBW) under monotonic loads at the top free end of the slab. The test results showed that the slab with longitudinal reinforcing bars anchored to the cast-in-place pile (CIP) in the composite basement wall exhibited ductile behavior accompanied by the yielding of the longitudinal reinforcing bars, a relatively wide area of vertical cracks propagating along the slab length, and a plastic plateau flow in the load–deflection relationships. In particular, the slab with longitudinal reinforcing bars anchored to the basement wall experienced severe crack concentration localized at the junction of the composite basement walls and concrete spalling in the basement walls, which resulted in no yielding of the longitudinal reinforcing bars and no cracks in the slab. Consequently, in a slab, it is recommended that longitudinal reinforcing bars be anchored into the CIP by penetrating the steel plate.

Laboratory full-scale test on the bond property of GFRP anchor to concrete

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bolt, which has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, is gradually replacing metal bolt in rock and soil anchoring, compared with traditional reinforced bolts and other composite materials with high cost. In the current study, the influence of anchorage length and anchorage mode on the bonding property of bolt and concrete was investigated, and the stress mechanism of glass fiber bolt was analyzed based on the tensile test of a full-size laboratory sample. The results show that the failure modes of GFRP anti-floating anchor were pull-out failure and fracture failure, the ultimate bearing capacity of mechanical anchorage was noted as 1.08–1.24 times that of linear anchorage. Under the same anchorage method, with the increase of anchorage length, the relative displacement and the proportion of load bearing in the easing section of the bolt load–displacement curve decreased; thus, the load–displacement curve of the anchor in the form of mechanical anchorage was smoother. With the increase of load, the main load bearing mode of the bolt-concrete interface changed from the interface friction force and chemical adhesive force to the mechanical bite force, and then the interface concrete was broken, and the concrete no-acting zone was transformed into the acting zone until the bolt was damaged. Anchor had a maximum anchorage length beyond which the bearing capacity of the anchors increased minimally. Comparing the calculation formulas of anchor length under different national standards, it was suggested to use Chinese or European standards to calculate anchor length.

Quantitative Evaluation of Pentraxin-3 in Peri-Miniscrew Implant Crevicular Fluid in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment: A Prospective Study.

To assess the levels of Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (PMICF) before and after orthodontic force application Material and Methods: This study included 40 miniscrew implants (MSI) sites in 11 orthodontic patients with high arch discrepancy requiring first premolar extraction using maximum anchorage mechanics for the retraction of anterior teeth. After alignment, the en-masse anterior retraction was carried out using the MSI-supported direct anchorage method. PMICF was collected from the crevice of MSI using Periopaper strips 1.2µl (OraflowInc. USA) after one hour, 24 hours, and three weeks of MSI insertion and after one hour, 24 hours, seven days, three weeks, and six weeks of the force application. Samples were quantitatively analyzed for PTX3 levels through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The trend in the change of PTX3 levels was evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The mean concentration of PTX3 immediately after MSI insertion was 1.19 ng/ml, significantly higher than after 3 weeks after MSI insertion (0.72 ng/ml), which may correspond to the baseline. After loading, the mean PTX3 concentration increased significantly with the peak at 24 hrs (1.28 ng/ml), followed by a gradual decline till the completion of the study (0.5 ng/ml). After MSI insertion, a rise in PTX3 levels in PMICF suggests an underlying inflammatory process. The slow decline in PTX3 level and return to the baseline after loading suggests an adaptive bone response to the stimulus.