Anbar Governorate Research Articles

A FINANCIAL EVALUATION OF WHEAT PRODUCTION PROJECTS UNDER CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN ANBAR GOVERNORATE

The research aims to identify the financial feasibility of cultivating the wheat crop under modern irrigation systems in desert areas and to clarify the impact of the capacity of the systems in those projects in achieving the financial feasibility of their establishment, using the economic evaluation criteria for the projects. The research included a study of 60 projects in Anbar Governorate for the 2020-2021 production season. It has been shown that projects that use several systems, despite their high investment costs, can recover the money invested in them within a relatively short period. The projects that use modern irrigation systems covering 60 donums were among the best projects that achieved technical efficiency in the productivity of the wheat crop, and the average net income reached the cash in the sample is about 1.3 billion dinars, while the average net income per donum in the research sample is about 189 thousand dinars. The sample was not able to achieve accounting profits, The research recommended the need to use electric power systems as an alternative to relying on electric power generators, as the average price of solar power systems in the Iraqi market is currently within reach.

The Effect of a Rehabilitation Program Accompanied by Karo-Proketic to Rehabilitate the Injury of Minor Rupture of The Rectus Muscles in The Lumbar Region for Sitting Volleyball Players

The aim of this study was to examine whether or not a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program is effective in treating rectus muscle injuries in the lumbar region among volleyball players who have a tendency to sit for extended periods of time due to their sport. Pre- and post-tests were administered to the same group of volunteers who participated in this research. The study was an experiment. An experimental approach was used in the design of the investigation. At the sports competition that took place in 2024-2025, the individuals who took part in this research were members of the disabled sitting volleyball team that participated for the Anbar governorate. This analysis was carried out with the help of the SPSS software. According to the findings, the player's ability to bend forward and backward was significantly improved as a consequence of the rehabilitation exercises that were carried out. In the lumbar region, those people who had partial rips in the rectus muscle improved greatly from this practice. As a result of this, the researchers came up with the recommendation that these exercises should be maintained in order to either prevent new injuries from occurring or to improve ailments that were already existing.

Assessment of Some Heavy Elements in Selected Fruits from the Markets of Anbar Governorate: Implications for Human Health

Eating fruit can be a useful way to enhance health and reduce the risk of many diseases. At the same time, if this fruit exceeds the permissible limit, it can be a source of diseases dangerous to human health. Therefore, this issue presents a complex and multifaceted challenge. The current study aims to assess the concentration of certain heavy metals (chromium, iron, nickel, copper, manganese) in the pulp and peels of selected fruits from the markets of Anbar Governorate, Iraq. Ten types of fruits were selected (quince, fig, orange, apple, banana, mango, watermelon, carrot, pomegranate, kiwi) and compared with internationally permissible limits. The concentrations were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The results indicated the concentration of some metals exceeding limits of the international standard. For instance, it was noted that the concentration of Ni in the peels very high and the samples that exceeded the international limit were; A2 – B2 – C2 – K2 – M2 – P2 – S2 where samples had 6.548, 3, 3.645, 3.323, 17.516, 4.290 and 5.258 mg/L of Ni. In the pulp, nickel was found at high concentrations exceeding the international limits in samples (A1 - B1 - C1 - K1 - M1 - O1 - P1 - S1), with concentrations of (23.645 - 3.968 - 6.226 - 13.645 - 2.355 - 8.806 - 19.129) mg/L. The highest Ni was found in apple pulp at 23 mg/L while the lowest concentration of Ni was found in orange peel and fig pulp at 0.097 mg/L.

The Effectiveness of Experiential Learning Strategy in Achieving Science Subject Competence Among Fifth Grade Elementary School Students

This study investigates the effectiveness of experiential learning strategies in enhancing science subject competence among fifth-grade elementary students in Anbar Governorate, where traditional teaching methods dominate. Prior research indicates a lack of engagement and critical thinking among students, emphasizing the need for pedagogical approaches that promote active learning and real-world experiences. Employing a descriptive and experimental design, this research included two groups: an experimental group receiving instruction through experiential learning and a control group taught via traditional methods. The sample consisted of 65 fifth-grade students from Al-Mu'min Primary School, chosen to ensure representativeness. Pre-experimental assessments ensured equivalence in variables such as age, intelligence, and previous academic achievement. The study's impact was evaluated using a post-test composed of 40 multiple-choice questions aligned with the science curriculum. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in mean achievement test scores between the groups, with the experimental group achieving a higher average score of 29.90 compared to the control group's 22.55. The calculated t-value was 10.11, surpassing the critical t-value of 2.00 at the 0.05 significance level, indicating strong evidence for the effectiveness of experiential learning strategies. Furthermore, the effect size measured using eta squared (η² = 0.63) confirmed a large impact on student achievement. The findings signify that experiential learning strategies substantially enhance science subject competence among elementary students, fostering greater engagement and understanding of scientific concepts. These results advocate for the integration of experiential learning methodologies in science education, reflecting a shift away from traditional teaching practices to more effective, student-centered approaches that promote critical thinking and real-world application of knowledge.

Estimation of levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the waters of Lake Habbaniyah in Anbar Governorate

In this study, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in the waters of Lake Habbaniyah, which are considered highly polluted materials. Three sites were selected in the heart of the lake, each site had two stations, the surface as one and the other at the bottom at a depth of four to five meters. The study lasted for 12 months from November 2022 to October 2023. The Level’s PAHs were analyzed and measured by Gas Chromatography (GC). The study showed that the lake water contains only five PAHs, and that the tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were within the permissible limits, but the tetracyclic and pentacyclic compounds had exceeded the permissible limits. In this study, the ratio (LMH/HMW) was less than (1), indicating that the sources of PAHs in the lake It was mainly of thermal origin. Among the list of micropollutants noted for water quality pollution are the group (PAHs) [1]. PAHs are hazardous organic compounds that contain aromatic rings fused to their molecules [2]. These polynuclear compounds are a class of organic chemicals consisting of two or more condensed rings that can be distributed in particles, sediments and water columns and do not contain heterogeneous atoms or carry substituted groups [3].

The Level of Environmental Conservation from the Point of View of Agricultural Employees in the Upper Euphrates Region - Anbar Governorate / Iraq

The Level of Environmental Conservation from the Point of View of Agricultural Employees in the Upper Euphrates Region - Anbar Governorate / Iraq

A study of Physicochemical Parameters, Heavy Metals and in the Euphrates River, Between the cities of Hit and Ramadi in Anbar Governorate

A study of Physicochemical Parameters, Heavy Metals and in the Euphrates River, Between the cities of Hit and Ramadi in Anbar Governorate

Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Cross-sectional Study in Anbar Province, Iraq

Abstract Background: On March 2020, the World Health Organization announced that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. In Iraq, since the start of applying the national COVID-19 vaccine campaign, many people refused to take the COVID-19 vaccine for various reasons, which has led to the further spread of the disease and the pandemic. Objectives: To determine some factors for refusing COVID-19 vaccination and the beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine among Iraqi people in Anbar Province, Iraq. Subjects and Methods: A household-based cross-sectional study and a face-to-face interview were done on 814 participants who were involved in the survey. A convenient sample approach was followed in this study to recruit participants from 11 different areas in the entral, southern, and northern of Anbar Province, Iraq, including urban and rural regions. A questionnaire form was applied to participants enrolled in the study, and the principal researcher carried out a written interview by face-to-face with the participant. An analysis of data carried out using cross-tabulated chi square test to identify variables associated with vaccine acceptance, in addition to descriptive statistics. Results: A majority (71.7%) of the population did not take any type of COVID-19 vaccine; among those who took the COVID-19 vaccine, 58.4% took only one dose of vaccination. Among people who did not take any type of vaccine, a high percentage of 72.1% said that they did not trust it. Others (14.3%) did not take it because their friends and relatives did not take it. A significant difference (P = 0.001) was found regarding the characteristics of those who took the vaccine and those who did not take it, including age, gender, occupation, place of residence, education level, and having had COVID-19. Conclusion: A high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine refusal was found in places in Anbar Governorate based on rumors, media communication, and behavioral attitudes needs many efforts from health workers in primary health-care centers and other health staff in other health institutions to increase people’s knowledge about the vaccine to lessen COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment in Soil of Oil Depots and Distribution Centers in Anbar Governorate, Iraq

Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment in Soil of Oil Depots and Distribution Centers in Anbar Governorate, Iraq

Isolation and Diagnosis of Some Types of Fungi Using PCR Technology for Infection by (Musca locala L.) From some Areas of Anbar Governorate

Isolation and Diagnosis of Some Types of Fungi Using PCR Technology for Infection by (Musca locala L.) From some Areas of Anbar Governorate

Correlation between BMPR1B Gene Polymorphism and some Reproductive Traits in Awassi Sheep

The (BMPR-1B) gene is one of the main genes for ewe fertility. This study was conducted to check the association between BMPR-IB gene polymorphisms and some traits of Awassi. This study was made in Anbar Governorate - (Agricultural Research Department) Al-Dawar. Date of experience collected from 34 ewes at the age of 4-6 years. Next, DNA was extracted and a PCR reaction was performed to amplify blood samples taken from the ewes to confirm the presence of the BMPR1B gene. The sequence was determined using Sanger sequencing technology. The data were then analyzed and compared between sample sequences to determine SNPs, genotype frequencies, allele frequencies, and their association with reproductive and growth traits. The results showed mutations in the heteroplasmy site rs410310346 (T>C) and rs592447725 (G>A). The results indicated that the TC genotype at the mutation site rs410310346 (T>C) was significantly superior (P≤0.05) in ewes whose rates of fertility and body length were higher compared to the CC genotype. The genotypes haven’t got an important effect on the proportion of twins, fertility rate, chest circumference, front height, ewe birth weight, and lamb weight at birth. The relationship of genotype GG and GA at the mutation site rs592447725 (G > A) showed a very significant effect (P≤0.01) on the percentage fertility rate and a noteworthy result (P≤0.05) on body length, height at the front and birth weight of lambs, but there isn’t a big impact. In the percentage of twins, fertility rate, chest circumference, and birth weight of ewes. Therefore, the effect of the BMPR1B gene can be used as a genetic marker to select ewes with good genotypes to improve herd performance.

Future expectations of the average family size in Anbar ‎Governorate

Future expectations of the average family size in Anbar ‎Governorate

Study the impact of the Interlukines and Vit.E in patients with Atopic Eczema in Anbar Governorate

Study the impact of the Interlukines and Vit.E in patients with Atopic Eczema in Anbar Governorate

The geographical distribution of the production of grain crops and their relationship to water resources in Anbar Governorate

تم بحث واقع محاصيل الحبوب المتمثلة (القمح ، الشعير، الذرة الصفراء) في أقضية ونواحي محافظة الأنبار لعام 2021 ، حيث تنطلق فرضيةْ أن هناك انخفاض في إنتاج الدونم الواحد لوحدة المساحة والإنتاج من الأراضي الزراعية نتيجة لوجود مشاكل منها ما يتعلق بطبيعة الأرض الزراعية ومنها ما يتعلق بالظروف المناخية والعوامل التقنية . أعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي اعتماداً على البحوث العلمية والوثائق والتقارير الرسمية في جمع المعلومات وتنظيمها واستخلاص النتائج ، ثم التطرق إلى واقع محاصيل الحبوب في المحافظة والعمل على زيادة الإنتاج. وتم التوصل إلى إمكانية التوسع وزيادة الأراضي الزراعية من خلال استصلاح الأراضي الصحراوية والملحية والجبسية وإتباع الأساليب الحديثة في الزراعة وتوفير المياه وترشيد استخدامها كلها تؤدي إلى زيادة الإنتاج .

Peacebuilding, Patronage-Building, and Post-Conflict NGO Corruption: Barriers to Democratization in Anbar, Iraq

Promoting civil society has been a standard component of post-conflict democratic peacebuilding. In post-2003 Iraq, however, the international coalition's introduction of the muhasasa system (apportionment) inhibited local nongovernmental organizations' ability to hold the government to account and made many NGOs into vehicles of state capture. Substantiated by an interview-based study of Anbar Governorate following the 2017 defeat of the Islamic State organization (ISIS), we argue that modeling Iraq as a "limited access order" — in which ruling elites manage society and the economy — largely explains the muhasasa's effects on local NGOs and the widespread perception that the sector is mired in corruption.

Evaluation of Iron Metabolism in a Sample of Children Infected with Pinworm Disease in Anbar Province/ Iraq

Pinworm Enterobius vermicularis is a common parasitic worm that infects humans, and its disease is widespread around the world, especially among children. Its infection occurs in areas with poor health and environmental conditions that lack personal hygiene. The study was conducted to determine pinworm infection prevalence in the several areas of Anbar Governorate and the status of some physiological indicators associated with it. The entire children attending Fallujah Teaching Hospital ages between 4 and 15 years were part of the study, and the study period included November 2022 to November 2023. The total samples comprised 1350 samples from various locations in Anbar Governorate. The infection was diagnosed in this study by direct microscopic examinations with a Logul-iodine-stained swab, and egg concentration methods, namely flotation with salt and zinc sulphate, and ana adhesive tape method. Physiological tests i.e. iron levels, ferironportin, and iron transporters. Analysis of the study yielded a total pinworm infection rate of 6.28% of all samples. The blood test results showed a marked reduction in hemoglobin level and an increment in eosinophils count in the infected group compared to the healthy controls. Concomitantly, total iron, ferroportin, and diaphoretic transporter levels decreased in the infected group providing an association between infection with the parasite and anemia.

Identification of Diagnosis Fungi that Cause Potato Root Rot

Results of collecting samples from different regions of Anbar Governorate (Al-Amiriyah, Al-Khalidya, Fallujah, Heet and Ramadi) showed that potato root rot disease is widespread in all regions collected. The results of isolation and phenotypic and molecular diagnosis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique indicated showed the presence of fungus Rhizoctonia spp., and Fungus Fusarium spp. Accompanying potato root rot disease and the pathogenicity test using radish seeds on water Agar (W.R.) culture media, all tested isolates achieved a significant reduction in radish seed plants compared with control treatment uncontaminated by any of the isolates of fungi, which recorded infection rate 0%. Keywords: Potato Root Rot, Diagnosis, Fungi, Rhizoctonia solani , Fusarium solani.

Petrography and Heavy Minerals as Tools for Provenance Identification of the Injana Sandstone (Upper Miocene), Al-Habbaniyah City, Anbar Governorate, Iraq

This study deals with the petrography and heavy mineral analysis of the Injana sandstone at Al-Habbaniyah City. Thirteen samples are collected from the Injana Formation. A petrographic study is achieved on ten samples while all samples are analyzed for heavy minerals. The petrographic analysis showed that the common components of the Injana sandstone are rock fragments, especially sedimentary fragments. Quartz grains (monocrystalline and polycrystalline) and feldspars (k-feldspar and plagioclase), bounded by matrix and carbonate cement. The suggested provenance for the Injana Formation is mainly sedimentary and igneous sources and the less dominant metamorphic source. These sandstones are considered to be mineralogically submature-immature and classified as litharenites. Heavy minerals analysis showed two sets of minerals including opaque and transparent minerals, the opaque minerals are significant components of the heavy mineral assemblages, then chlorite, epidotes, amphiboles, garnet, pyroxenes (ortho and clino), zircon, tourmaline, biotite, muscovite, rutile, and others. This assemblage implies that the dense minerals are typically found in basic igneous and metamorphic rocks, with less frequent occurrences in acidic igneous and reworked sediments. According to QLF and QmFLt classifications, the tectonic provenance of the Injana sandstone is described as recycled orogen. The MF-MT-GM classification showed that the sandstone of Injana is derived primarily from active continental margins. The result of maturity MI and ZTR revealed low values of maturity, the MI value ranges between 0.6 to 1.5 with an average of 0.9 and ZTR Maturity ranges between 0.7% and 9% with an average of 3.9%, these low values of maturity indicate sub-mature to immature sandstone.

Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Among Pregnant Women in Anbar Governorate.

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is recognized to be a prominent source of uropathogens in women worldwide. Urinary tract infection in pregnant women continues to cause clinical issues, which is a significant load on clinicians. Objective: The study aims to investigate the frequency of bacterial urinary tract infections among pregnant women and assess the susceptibility of these pathogens. Method: Urine samples 65 were collected from pregnant women in Anbar Governorate, were identified utilizing colony characteristics the organisms' gram stain response, biochemical assays Susceptibility testing aligns to the standard techniques defined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guideline. Results: In this study, 95% (60 out of 65) of urinary tract infections (UTIs) were culture-positive. Among the identified bacteria, six distinct types were observed. The most prevalent Gram-negative isolate was Escherichia coli, accounting for 88.3% of cases, followed by Proteus mirabilis at 1.6%. Gram-positive bacteria were also identified, with Staphylococcus aureus representing 6.6% and Streptococcus at 3.3% of cases. E. coli showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (50%), norfloxacin (19%), ceftriaxone (90%), ampicillin (89%), meropenem (10%), and nitrofurantoin (60%). Staphylococcus aureus exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin (73%), norfloxacin (35%), ceftriaxone (50%), ampicillin (71%), meropenem (8%), and nitrofurantoin (45%). Proteus mirabilis displayed resistance to ciprofloxacin (46%), norfloxacin (16%), ceftriaxone (62%), ampicillin (90%), meropenem (25%), and nitrofurantoin (33%). Streptococcus showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (43%), norfloxacin (54%), ceftriaxone (37%), ampicillin (88%), meropenem (30%), and nitrofurantoin (87%). Conclusion: Majority UTIs were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, especially E. coli. Resistance to ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin was common, while norfloxacin and meropenem showed sensitivity. Regular urine culture during pregnancy is vital to lower UTI risk and antibiotic resistance.

The outcome of horizontal strabismus surgery in Anbar governorate in Iraq: an interventional study

The outcome of horizontal strabismus surgery in Anbar governorate in Iraq: an interventional study