Analytical Specifications Research Articles

The basic liberties: An essay on analytical specification

We characterize, more precisely than before, what Rawls calls the ‘analytical’ method of drawing up a list of basic liberties. This method employs one or more general conditions that, under any just social order whatever, putative entitlements must meet for them to be among the basic liberties encompassed, within some just social order, by Rawls’s first principle of justice (i.e. the liberty principle). We argue that the general conditions that feature in Rawls’s own account of the analytical method, which employ the notion of necessity, are too stringent. They ultimately fail to deliver as basic certain particular liberties that should be encompassed within any fully adequate scheme of liberties. To address this under-generation problem, we provide an amended general condition. This replaces Rawls’s necessity condition with a probabilistic condition and it appeals to the standard liberal prohibition on arbitrary coercion by the state. We defend our new approach both as apt to feature in applications of the analytical method and as adequately grounded in justice as fairness as Rawls articulates the theory’s fundamental ideas.

The Legal Protection for Female Workers in the Perspective of Islamic Law and Law No. 11 Year 2020 on Job Creation

On Monday, 5 October 2020, the Draft Law on Job Creation was ratified by the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia and the manuscript was signed by the government on November 3, 2020. Therefore, since November 3, 2020, the Draft Law on Job Creation promulgated in Law Number 11 Year 2020 on Job Creation. Based on the existing official text, the researcher intended to compare the rights of female workers as regulated in Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower with Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. The research method used in this study was a normative juridical research, with a statutory and conceptual approach, descriptive analytical research specifications, data collection by literature study, and qualitative data analysis. The protection of female workers as referred to in the previous labor law was still valid and was not discussed at all in Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. Therefore, it could be ascertained that the refusal of workers during the process of the Draft Law on Job Creation is wrong. The article which was amended related to the protection of female workers did not change the substance of the protection of female workers as previously regulated through Law Number 13 Year 2003 on Manpower. The Qur'an has been explained that people need to provide special rights for female workers. Explicitly, there is no verses in the Qur'an that mentioned the word 'special rights for female workers'. However, implicitly, there were general arguments based on the verses in the Qur'an that could be used as a basis for granting this right. Some of the special rights of female workers were implicitly communicated in Islamic teachings.

NOTARY AS A REPORTING PARTY IN THE ERADICATION OF THE CRIME OF MONEY LAUNDERING

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the disharmony of notary arrangements as reporting parties in efforts to eradicate money laundering. This research uses qualitative methods and normative juridical approaches, as well as descriptive analytical research specifications. The results of the study indicate that the notary arrangement as one of the reporting parties in the effort to eradicate the money laundering crime regulated through a government regulation has violated the principle that the applicable laws and regulations can only changed by laws and regulations that are equivalent or higher, has also violated several principles of the formation of good laws and regulations, including institutional principles and also the principle of conformity.

External quality assessment of serum indices: Spanish SEQC-ML program

Serum indices included in clinical chemistry instruments are widely used by laboratories to assess the quality of samples. Instruments that report quantitative results allow an evaluation of their diagnostic performance in a similar way to other biochemical tests. The Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQC-ML) launched a monthly External Quality program of serum indices in 2018 using three lyophilized materials of simultaneous annual distribution. We present the results of the first three years of the program. The use of four different quality control materials with different concentrations in three alternate months allows an annual evaluation of the participant's accuracy. Assigned values are established by consensus among homogeneous groups, considering necessary at least 10 participants for a comparison at instrument level. The average percentage difference results per instrument allow the assessment of bias among groups. The imprecision of the three indices ranges between 3 and 9%, with no major differences among instruments. Significant differences were observed in all indices among instruments with more than 10 participants (Roche Cobas, Abbott Architect, Abbott Alinity and Siemens Advia). The 90th percentile of the distribution of percentage differences was used as the analytical performance specification (APS). An improvement in performance was observed in the first three years of the program, probably due to the learning curve effect. In 2020, APS of 7.8, 12.2 and 9.7% were proposed for hemolytic, icteric and lipemic indices, respectively. Serum indices have a great impact on the quality and the reliability of laboratory test results. Participation in proficiency testing programs for serum indices is helpful to encourage harmonization among providers and laboratories.

Effects of specimen haemolysis on complete blood count results by Abbott Alinity hq System.

IntroductionThe current study aimed to assess the interference of in vitro haemolysis on complete blood count (CBC) using Abbott Alinity hq system, and to determine which haemolysis levels affect the reliability of sample results.Materials and methodsBlood samples obtained from 25 volunteers in K3-EDTA tubes were divided into four aliquots. The first aliquot was not subjected to any intervention. The second, third and fourth aliquots were passed through a fine needle 2, 4 and 6 times, respectively. Complete blood count was performed by multi-angle polarized scatter separation technology and haemolysis index (HI) was assessed from the plasma samples separated by centrifugation. Five groups were formed according to the HI values. The percentage biases between the results of non-haemolysed and haemolysed groups were compared with the desirable bias limits from The European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine database and reference change values (RCVs).ResultsIn groups 1 to 4, the effects of haemolysis on CBC parameters were acceptable comparing to the analytical bias except for lymphocytes (7.26%-7.42%), MCH (2.59%), and MCHC (0.47%-2.81%). Results of group 5 (gross haemolysis) showed decreases in HCT(- 4.56%), RBC (- 4.07%) count and increase in lymphocyte (11.60%) count higher than the analytical performance specifications. Moreover, variations in MCH (4.65%) and MCHC (5.24%) were exceeding the RCVs.ConclusionsGross haemolysis (haemoglobin concentration > 10 g/L) is likely to produce unreliable CBC results on non-pathological samples. Further studies including pathological specimens are needed.

Atellica CH 930 chemistry analyzer versus Cobas 6000 c501 and Architect ci4100 - a multi-analyte method comparison

Abstract Large clinical laboratories often rely on multiple chemistry analyzers. However, when a new analyzer is introduced, the laboratory must establish whether the old and new methods are comparable and can be used interchangeably. In this study, we compared the newly introduced Atellica CH930 chemistry analyzer with the already established Architect ci4100 and Cobas 6000 c501 from our laboratory. Patient samples were randomly selected from daily routine testing and a total of 22 analytes were investigated. Total error (TEobs) between test (Atellica) and comparative (Architect and Cobas) methods was calculated at relevant medical decision levels (MDL). For demonstrative purposes, the assessment of method comparability was based on three different criteria: allowable total error (TEa) derived from biological variation (BV), CLIA proficiency testing criteria for acceptable analytical performance, and CLIA-calculated Sigma metrics. These sets of analytical performance specifications were also compared, and their strengths and limitations are discussed in this paper. Performance of Atellica CH930 against Architect ci4100 was acceptable or nearly acceptable at 82%, 95%, and 64% of the 22 investigated MDLs across 9 analytes, according to BV-TEa, CLIA-TEa, and CLIA-calculated Sigma metrics, respectively. Similarly, performance of Atellica CH930 against Cobas 6000 c501 was acceptable or nearly acceptable at 61%, 93%, and 63% of the 54 investigated MDLs across 22 analytes, according to BV-TEa, CLIATEa, and CLIA-calculated Sigma metrics, respectively. However, method comparability should not be evaluated by a “one size fits all” approach as some analytes require different criteria of acceptability, ideally based on medically allowable error and clinical outcome.

Legal Protection for Children Victims of Postpartum Depression

Children are a gift given by God through a woman. The presence of a child certainly raises many new adaptations in family life. The transition period to face a new life turns out to be more or less a problem that results in children; one of which is postpartum depression in a mother. This article aims to examine the forms of legal protection for a child who is a victim of postpartum depression. This article uses a normative juridical approach and secondary data with descriptive analytical research specifications and qualitative analysis. Based on the results of the study, postpartum depression is included in the category of mental illness model caused by the mental illness with clinical depression symptoms that affect psychological conditions ranging from excessive anxiety, neglecting children, to physically injuring children. This form of legal protection for children is stated in Law Number 23 of 2002 in conjunction with Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. Regarding the accountability of perpetrators, for the postpartum depression which reflects on Article 44 of the Criminal Code, it is necessary to have an examination first before determining the responsibility to be imposed to overcome and prevent postpartum depression.

Juridical Overview on the Inconsistency of Prohibition to be the Member of Political Parties for the Members of Public Institutions

The creation of a justice in the life of the nation and state must be supported by regulations that do not conflict with other regulations. The prohibition to join a political party for administrators of public institutions is in conflict with higher regulations. The article is considered contrary to the principle of "Equality before the Law" when viewed from the aspect of equal concern put forward by Ronald Dworkin. The purpose of this research was to analyze the inconsistency of the prohibition article for members of public institutions to join political parties and to explain the legal implications for the public institutions when they do not comply with these regulations. The method used was normative juridical with descriptive analytical research specifications, and the type of the data were secondary data. The data analysis was conducted qualitatively. Political rights are part of the human rights owned by a person who should not be limited by discriminatory treatments. In fact, there are still restrictions on these political rights which are detrimental to a person from contributing to become the administrator of a public institution. The contents of conflicting articles cause the public institutions to have a crisis of law compliance, is actually a hierarchical harmony between laws and regulations in Indonesia.

Tanggung Jawab Perusahaan Perencana Keuangan Penyedia Program Investasi yang Merugikan Konsumen Dihubungkan dengan Teori Kepastian Hukum

The principle of responsibility as one of the principles of GCG is reflected in the Company Law that every company may not carry out activities that are contrary to the law. This responsibility principle is also applied to companies engaged in the capital market. Financial planning companies are companies whose activities are connected to the capital market and can support the capital market. However, the regulations regarding financial planners have not been specifically regulated in statutory provisions. The existence of a legal vacuum regarding financial planners is used as an opening to commit violations by one of the financial planning companies so that it results in losses for consumers. This study used a normative juridical approach using a descriptive analytical research specification. The data collection technique used is through literature study using laws, books, journals and the internet related to the topic of the problem which will later be used as a reference for solving problems as part of data analysis. The analytical method used legal construction through the analogy method which is used to find specific provisions that become general provisions so that they can be applied to financial planning companies. The conclusions obtained from this research are: First, the regulation regarding financial planners in Indonesian laws and regulations has not been specifically and specifically regulated so that the existence of financial planners has not received legal certainty. Second, responsibility for financial planning companies providing investment programs that harm consumers can be subject to administrative, civil and criminal sanctions.

Pancreatic lipase: why laboratory community does not take enough care of this clinically important test?

Although being the recommended laboratory test to diagnose acute pancreatitis, serum pancreatic lipase (LIP) is among the poorly standardized laboratory tests, and laboratory stakeholders often appear to not take enough care of the quality of its measurements. Here we discuss some important issues that, if not correctly managed and solved, make misdiagnosis of acute pancreatitis by using serum LIP a real possibility. First, the current unavailability of a suitable higher-order reference material to be used as common calibrator should be filled up to definitively improve the inter-method bias. Second, knowledge of the analytical characteristics that may explain the defective performance of LIP assays should be deepened. IVD manufacturers should be more explicit in providing this information, including description of their internal protocol for transferring LIP values from internal references to commercial calibrators. Third, recommended models for accurately estimating measurement uncertainty and reliably defining analytical performance specifications for LIP measurements should be applied. Finally, investments considering alternative options for measuring LIP (e.g., targeted to the development of automated LIP immunoassays) should be warranted. All involved stakeholders (standardization bodies, higher-order reference providers, in vitro diagnostics manufacturers, and laboratory professionals) should contribute to fill the existing gap.

Lot variation and inter-device differences contribute to poor analytical performance of the DCA Vantage™ HbA1c POCT instrument in a true clinical setting.

The glycated haemoglobin fraction A1c (HbA1c) is widely used in the management of diabetes mellitus, and the Siemens DCA Vantage™ point-of-care testing (POCT) instrument offers rapid HbA1c results even far from a clinical laboratory. However, the analytical performance has been questioned, and not much is known about effects of changing reagent lot, instrument and operator. We therefore compared the analytical performance of the DCA Vantage™ with established routine methods (Tosoh G8/G11 ion exchange HPLC) in a true clinical setting at two Danish hospitals. We extracted all routine clinical HbA1c results incidentally drawn from the same patient within 48h (n=960 pairs) and evaluated the effect of reagent lot, operator and instrument. We also performed a prospective method comparison in our diabetes out-patient clinic (n=97). The critical difference (CD) between two POCT results varied between 5.14 and 6.61mmol/mol (0.47-0.55%), and the analytical imprecision of the DCA Vantage™ (CVA) was >3%. Significant effect of reagent lot and inter-instrument differences were found, whereas no effect of operator was seen. The DCA Vantage™ HbA1c analysis does not fulfil the prevailing analytical performance specifications, but rigorous validation of new reagent lots and continuous recalibration of instruments may potentially improve the precision substantially. Our findings, therefore, clearly emphasise the necessity of a close collaboration between clinicians and laboratory professionals in the POCT field. Finally, POCT HbA1c results should always be interpreted together with other measures of glycaemic control to avoid inappropriate change of patient treatments due to measurement uncertainty.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL STANDARDISATION OF SIDDHA TABLET PREPARATION JATHIKAAI MATHIRAI

The aim of this study is to standardize the herbal Mathirai preparation Jathikaai Mathirai based on qualitative and quantitative methods as per the analytical specifications of Tablet/Mathirai prescribed by the Protocol testing of ASU drugs by Pharmacopoeial laboratory for Indian Medicines. The Tablet is prepared as described in the text Bala Vagadam. The medicine is subjected to Physicochemical standardisation as per the pharmacopoeial laboratory standards of Indian medicine. The tablet is in solid form which is brown in colour. It is rigid with strong characteristic odor. The aflatoxin assay and pesticide residue revealed that the tablet is free of aflatoxins and pesticide residue. The formulation is free of microbial contamination and shows positive for the presence of steroids, alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides etc. The heavy metals are below detectable limit. The result of HPTLC finger printing of the drug at UV 366 nm shows that the peak at Rf 0.02 constitutes 100% of the total area of the separated peaks, which denotes the abundant existence of the drug at minimum peak level itself. It indicates drug as phytochemicals. The result of the present study ensures the safety profile of the Jathikaai Mathirai – Siddha herbal Tablet intended for paediatric usage and indicative of presence of active phytoconstituents that are responsible for its efficacy in treating the Valippu Noi (Seizure disorder) in children.

Land Officer Role in Development of Sharing Collective Rights to Heirs with Mental Disability

Land Deed Making Official/PPAT is an official who is given the authority to make an authentic deed that can be trusted. The division of inheritance for the heirs can be the right of each of the holders of the joint rights based on the Deed of Sharing the Joint Rights made by the PPAT. The purpose of this research is to find out the role of PPAT in making APHB and what to do if one of the heirs is incompetent the process after APHB is made along with examples from APHB. This study uses a normative juridical approach, The data analysis method used is a qualitative analysis method with descriptive analytical research specifications, data collection methods with literature study, data sources used are secondary data. Based on the results of research and discussion: 1) PPAT has an important role, namely the General Official who helps the parties to achieve their wishes, prepares and registers a transfer of rights to share rights with a land right at the Land Office, and has the authority to make APHB as an authentic deed; 2) When an heir is incompetent due to a mental disability, the heir is represented by the custodian because people with mental disabilities are usually not able to carry out activities like people in general; 3)PPAT is obliged to register the transfer of rights to the local Land Office after the APHB is made; 4) Sample APBH made by PPAT. It is recommended that PPAT must master the law of inheritance in carrying out their duties. A custodian must be responsible for all legal actions committed by the holder. The government, especially the National Land Agency, is expected to further socialize all regulations regarding land, especially regarding Land Registration.

The Handling Of Hoax/False Information In The Legal Jurisdiction Area

This study aims to identify and analyze the handling of hoaxes in the jurisdiction of the Central Java Regional Police and the obstacles faced in handling hoaxes in the jurisdiction of the Central Java Regional Police. The approach method used is sociological juridical, descriptive analytical research specifications, types and sources of data using primary and secondary data, data collection methods are field studies and literature studies, while the data analysis method uses qualitative analysis. The results showed that phandling hoaxes in the jurisdiction of the Central Java Regional Police through preemptive, preventive and repressive efforts which are the last resort. The handling of hoaxes at the Central Java Regional Police is in line with progressive legal theory which is based on the principle that the law is for humans. In handling hoaxes, there are several obstacles faced, namely the difficulty of finding perpetrators, difficulties in uncovering evidence, the lack of facilities and infrastructure, the budget required for handling hoaxes is very large, differences in legal perspectives from the founding countries of social media. These obstacles are an inhibiting factor in law enforcement.

An Implementation Of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement Against Traffic Violations

This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement and the obstacles in implementing ETLE in the context of law enforcement against traffic violations at the Blora Police Traffic Unit. The approach method used is sociological juridical, descriptive analytical research specifications, types and sources of data using primary and secondary data, data collection methods are field studies and literature studies, while the data analysis method uses qualitative analysis. The results showed that ETLE implementation is carried out in several stages, starting from CCTV installation, data recording of violators, identification of Smart Resident Center (SRC), sending letters to violators, confirmation, issuing ticket and BRIVA code, to blocking of STNK. This is a manifestation of law enforcement against traffic violations while still paying attention to the principles of justice, legal certainty and expediency. However, in practice there are several obstacles, namely the immediate addition of CCTV installations with adequate camera quality, notifying the vehicle owner that he has committed a violation and to immediately change the name of the vehicle, conducting raid operations on the highway, as well as conducting socialization and education about traffic rules and regulations ETLE.

The Investigation on Criminal Acts of Corruption in the Jurisdiction of Rembang Police

This study aims to identify and analyze the investigation of criminal acts of corruption in the Rembang Police Legal Area and the obstacles in investigating corruption crimes in the Rembang Pores jurisdiction and their solutions. The approach method used is sociological juridical, descriptive analytical research specifications, types and sources of data using primary and secondary data, data collection methods are field studies and literature studies, while the data analysis method uses qualitative analysis. The results showed that the investigation of criminal acts of corruption in the jurisdiction of the Rembang Police was carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code through several stages, namely collecting evidence, determining the suspect, examining witnesses and suspects and finally submitting the investigation file, suspects and evidence to the public prosecutor. In the investigation process there are several obstacles faced, namely the length of the process of collecting evidence, the suspect providing convoluted information, returning the case file by the public prosecutor.

The Law Enforcement Against Traffic Violations By Minor Children

The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze law enforcement against traffic violations by minors at the Semarang Police Station and to identify and analyze the obstacles to law enforcement against traffic violations by minors at the Semarang Police Station. This study uses a sociological juridical approach, which in this case relates to law enforcement against traffic violations by minors at the Semarang Police Station, with descriptive analytical research specifications. The data used are primary and secondary data which will be analyzed qualitatively. The research problem was analyzed using the theory of justice and the theory of the operation of law. The results of the study conclude that law enforcement against underage traffic violations is through preventive and repressive efforts. Conceptually, the handling of criminal acts in Indonesia is integrated, both within the internal scope of the National Police and within the scope that involves other components outside the National Police. In handling traffic violations by minors, problems arise because they are caused by a lack of legal awareness in the community, lack of traffic discipline, lack of legal socialization, inconsistent law enforcement and selective slashing, aspects of legal culture, and sanctions that are too light.

The Law Enforcement Of Rehabilitation Sanctions Against Narcotics Users

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the enforcement of rehabilitation sanctions against narcotics users at the Central Java Regional Police and to identify and analyze the obstacles in law enforcement of rehabilitation sanctions against narcotics users at the Central Java Regional Police. This study uses a sociological juridical approach, with descriptive analytical research specifications. The data used are primary and secondary data which will be analyzed qualitatively. The research problems were analyzed using the theory of justice and the theory of expediency. The results of the study conclude that looking at the criminal provisions of Article 127 paragraphs (2) and (3), it can be concluded that judges in deciding cases referred to in Article 127 paragraph (1) are required to pay attention to the articles that regulate rehabilitation provisions so that later addicts and victims Drug abusers can be rehabilitated. The obstacles that come from the government, it is stated that there are 5 (five) obstacles, namely: a) There has not been a special place for addicts and victims of narcotics abusers to rehabilitate, b) The problem of rehabilitation costs for convicts of abuse cases narcotics, c) There is no rehabilitation center appointed by the Government, d) There is a difference in information between the defendant, witnesses and the results of the criminalistic laboratory. e) An execution problem occurred.

The Law Enforcement Against The Crime Of Illegal Mining

This study aims to determine law enforcement against the criminal act of illegal mining in the jurisdiction of the Central Kalimantan Regional Police and the obstacles that arise in law enforcement of the criminal act of illegal mining in the jurisdiction of the Central Kalimantan Regional Police and their solutions. The approach method used is sociological juridical, descriptive analytical research specifications, types and sources of data using primary and secondary data, data collection methods are field studies and literature studies, while the data analysis method uses qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that law enforcement for the criminal act of illegal mining in the jurisdiction of the Central Kalimantan Regional Police is carried out through preventive and repressive efforts. Repressive efforts are carried out with outreach activities to the community at the Polres and Polsek levels, while repressive efforts through a series of investigative actions. There are several obstacles in the law enforcement process, namely the presence of irresponsible individuals, limited facilities and infrastructure and a lack of legal awareness from the community.

Implementation Of Restorative Justice In Traffic Accident Settlement

This study aims to determine and analyze the implementation of restorative justice in resolving traffic accident cases in the jurisdiction of the Rembang Police and the obstacles that arise in the implementation of restorative justice in resolving traffic accident cases in the jurisdiction of the Rembang Police and their solutions. The approach method used is sociological juridical, descriptive analytical research specifications, types and sources of data using primary and secondary data, data collection methods are field studies and literature studies, while the data analysis method uses qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of restorative justice in resolving traffic accident cases in the jurisdiction of the Rembang Police is aimed at justice by referring to the Criminal Procedure Code, the LLAJ Law, the Police Law, and the National Police Perkap Number 6 of 2019. In its application there are obstacles, namely the lack of legal awareness of community and intervention from third parties.