Analytical Narrative Research Articles

Does War Make States? Military Spending and the Italian State‐Building, 1861–1945

ABSTRACTWe present empirical evidence on the relationship between military spending and the expansion of other government budget items and tax revenues from the unification of Italy (1861) up to the end of World War II. Until 1922, investments in education and social transfers to families mainly moved in step with defence spending. This means that increases in defence spending imply an increase in both education spending and transfers. Moreover, transfers also play a compensatory role during recessions. Increases in defence spending do not crowd out investment in capital expenditure, while disinvestment in defence is associated with an increase in investment in capital. The pro‐cyclical behaviour of tax revenues is compatible with the debt‐financing dynamic of much government expenditure. Although our analytical narrative is not universally valid, it does support the persistent centrality of external wars in the discontinuous growth and expansion of central government in the Italian state, with some exceptions explained by historical events.

Purkhyauli Thalo: Me and My Auto Ethnographical Study

The main purpose of this article is to connect my personal experience with social meaning. This article presents my personal experience as a story. In this auto ethnography knowledge production, I present myself and my own particular experience as an analytical narrative. Through this auto ethnography, I have once again connected with the world I lived in and the vivid experiences there through interaction. As a person is a social being, he learns social customs, values and conduct from the elders of the society and the person himself is the source of social information for him. I have taken as a source of information what I have learned directly from the society that brought me up, what I have seen and experienced and who I have interacted with. From the study area, I have received information from people who have lived in different places in the country and abroad through phone interactions and meetings. I have prepared this auto ethnography article by including the social experiences of my mother who raised me and her life stories as a source of information. People are bound by the customs of society. In this auto ethnography exploring social and its associated customs, it becomes apparent that certain rituals once imbued with significance by our ancestors may how imped societal progress. While these rituals held meaning in their time, their contributed practice poses challenges to the advancement of our community. It seems that there is a need for change in the rituals that have been going on like that. There is a need for a progressive change in the traditions that are the hindrances to the development of such old societies. The conclusion of this article is that there is a need for progressive change in the old social injustices based on caste, gender and color.

Black women teachers’ shapeshifting boundaryless careers

In this analytic narrative, we story the career of a Black millennial woman, Andrea Gamble, who, over 20 years, four states, and two coasts, cultivated a professional repertoire as a middle school teacher and K-8 assistant principal while maintaining a parallel career in postsecondary student affairs. Her shapeshifting portfolio included a B.S. in Middle Grades Education, an M.Ed. in Educational Administration, and a Ph.D. in Curriculum and Instruction in progress. All the while, she carefully nurtured a 20-year marriage with her college sweetheart. Theorizing Gamble’s itinerant career choices through a boundaryless-career framework, our findings suggest that longstanding metaphors for “servant leadership” fall short of capturing how Black millenial women organize, strategize, enact, and re-imagine different ways of being and existing in the contemporary K-12 marketplace.

Socio-Technical Imaginaries in Technology Transitions: An Analytic Narrative of the Post-ICE Age

Socio-Technical Imaginaries in Technology Transitions: An Analytic Narrative of the Post-ICE Age

Perlindungan Hak Cipta atas Penggunaan Layanan Streaming Netflix untuk Kegiatan Komersial (Studi Kasus Bioskop Mini di Bekasi)

The use of streaming services such as Netflix has become a global phenomenon that affects various aspects of life, including the way people consume entertainment. In Bekasi, there is a new trend of mini-cinemas utilizing Netflix streaming services for commercial purposes. This raises questions regarding copyright protection and the legality of the practice. This research aims to explore the extent to which the use of Netflix streaming services in mini-cinemas in Bekasi infringes copyright, as well as to understand the regulations governing the use of digital content for commercial activities in Indonesia. The methodology of this research is normative juridical with a statutory approach in the form of descriptive analytical narrative description being one of the important methods. The results show that the use of Netflix streaming services for commercial activities without authorization is a clear violation of the copyright provisions stipulated in the Indonesian Copyright Law. Mini-cinema owners in Bekasi are largely unaware or ignorant of these regulations, which can lead to serious legal consequences. In addition, this study found that the lack of awareness and understanding of copyright among business actors is one of the main factors causing rampant infringement. Based on these findings, this study suggests the need for further education of the public and businesses on the importance of compliance with copyright law as well as the importance of obtaining appropriate licenses for the use of digital content in commercial activities. This research makes a significant contribution to the field of copyright and legal studies, particularly in the context of the use of streaming services in Indonesia. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for the government and related parties in formulating more effective policies to protect copyright and support the healthy and sustainable development of the entertainment industry.

PROJECT ARCHETYPES OF THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA: EXPLORING THE OCCASIONAL ENGAGEMENT PATTERNS OF THE EUROPEAN SOUTHERN NEIGHBOURHOOD

This paper examines the project-based pattern of European Southern Neighbourhood engagement in the European Research Area. Thereby, this study informs about the role of the European Research Area in advancing EU objectives and ambitions in the enduringly salient European Neighbourhood Policy context. The research question that drives this study is: What project archetypes’ pattern denotes the European Southern Neighbourhood’s participation in the pan-European space intended to facilitate the free flow of talent and ideas? The guiding hypothesis anticipates that the prevailing archetype corresponds to an encounter lasting for one project, and prolonged engagement throughout several consecutive projects is a rarity. This enquiry into the relationality weaved by research collaboration formulates four archetypes. The main empirical material employed to model and study the four archetypes is semi-structured interviews with Europe-based project managers. Insights offered by the leading figures of projects funded by Framework Programme 7 and Horizon 2020 reveal how multilateral research-driven ties contribute to post-Westphalian external action aspirations. Devised analytic narratives attest to the performances of the EU science diplomacy, for example, in the form of technoscientific gifts as well as sharing and jointly developing kn/own/ables. Expert experiences of co-developing research-intensive solutions with Morocco- and Tunisia-based colleagues to address the most pressing challenges faced by the EU and its Southern neighbours are resourceful. They offer new insights into the patterned routines that support the implementation of such supranationally steered governance frameworks as the European Research Area, including its external action and science diplomacy dimensions. Almost half of the studied projects correspond to the archetype with one EU-funded project interaction. This confirms the rather sporadic or ad hoc relational ties of the European Southern Neighbourhood to the European Research Area, facilitated by various Europe-based competence centres.

“She Resolved My Doubts, and I Was a Little Calmer”: A Qualitative Analysis of the HoPE Community-Based Doula Care Program in an Urban Public Hospital [ID 2683480

INTRODUCTION: Doula care, or trained lay birth support, represents an evidence-based and cost-effective strategy to improve maternal and child health. However, limited studies have focused on implementing doula care, especially in racial and ethnic minoritized communities. This study assessed HoPE (Helping Promote Birth Equity through Community-Based Doula Care), an intervention within two Queens, New York, public hospitals. METHODS: This qualitative analysis is part of a mixed-methods evaluation using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) implementation science framework (IRB 21-01571). We conducted interviews in English or Spanish with HoPE doula clients (n=13), doulas (n=10), and health care providers (n=8) to assess acceptability, feasibility, and satisfaction. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated (if needed). Multiple coders analyzed themes and developed an analytical narrative. RESULTS: Preliminary findings suggest that HoPE serves a population in critical need of the support offered by community-based doulas. Regarding reach, doula clients were primarily immigrants and first-time mothers with limited social support and financial resources. We observed doula effectiveness in health care navigation, communication with providers, emotional, mental health, and physical support, infant care, health education, and referrals to social resources. Doula clients, doulas, and providers were generally satisfied with the program and found it acceptable and feasible. Implementation challenges, including language capability and timely client matching, hindered reach and effectiveness. CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings demonstrate how community-based doula support can improve health care access and quality of care in diverse, underserved communities. Ongoing evaluation will be used to improve HoPE and contribute to the knowledge of community-centered interventions promoting equity in obstetric care.

Institutionalizing suspicion: Tracing the decline of the Swedish sickness insurance system in the 2000’s

This article presents an analysis of Swedish sickness insurance in the 2000’s, outlining cultural and structural shifts in political and institutional design. The study is based on analytic dualism and Margaret S. Archer’s morphogenetic model, which is used to create an analytical narrative focusing on political and institutional developments. The narrative identifies two distinct phases: one period of rapid cultural and structural change (morphogenesis), and one of institutionalization of the new structure (morphostasis). The narrative describes how a key element of the Swedish welfare state, sickness insurance, underwent a transition from an encompassing and generous to a strict and suspicious system, and how this was effectively solidified politically and organizationally. This is related both to a broader shift toward neoliberal and workfare policies, and to the specific socio-cultural and social interactions between agents to reform the system. The analysis provides a contribution to the literature by providing an internationally relevant empirical case of how an encompassing system has undergone a period of substantial decline, and by presenting a coherent long-term narrative which temporalizes this development into specific timepoints and phases.

Every farmer is a farmer? A critical analysis of the emergence and development of Peasant Farmers Association of Ghana

Smallholder farmer-based rural social movements have been heralded as a promising source of political power with the potential to effectively promote sustainable trajectories of agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa and beyond. However, the very early stages of rural social movement building remain understudied, including under what conditions such nascent efforts are likely to lead to effective political influence and foundations for broader collective action. Drawing on insights from organizational studies and resource mobilization theories, we provide an analytical narrative of the emergence and development of a smallholder farmer-based policy advocacy organization, the Peasant Farmers Association of Ghana (PFAG). Through analysis of organizational documents and an extensive open-ended focus group interview with PFAG’s founders, long-term members, and current staff, we discuss how PFAG managed to overcome the “liability of newness” faced by new organizations, and how its resulting organizational structure influences its modes of resource mobilization and thus type and coverage of its advocacy and service delivery activities. Considering this developmental narrative, we elaborate several challenges that PFAG faces in pursuit of its ambitions to expand its influence in Ghanaian agricultural policy and practice. Our findings indicate the need for PFAG to address emerging contradictions in project activities and uneven geographical coverage, manage tensions between advocacy and service delivery objectives and to work towards establishing an umbrella agenda capable of providing for the diverse and evolving needs of their membership base.

Molecular basis of ameloblastoma pathogenesis: A review

To describe the most important molecular findings that promote the proliferative activity of ameloblastoma and the factors involved that encourage invasion into surrounding bone tissues. A search for scientific evidence was conducted through the following databases: Science Direct, Medline, Wiley, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A total of 32 articles were reviewed, with inclusion criteria being articles published in English and Spanish; descriptive and analytical studies, narrative and systematic reviews published from January 2015 to June 2021. Letters to the editor were excluded. The biological molecular findings that allow ameloblastoma to invade surrounding tissues involve alterations in the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathways, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and matrix metalloproteinases, as well as alterations in MAPK and SHH pathways that facilitate the proliferation and tumor development of ameloblastoma. These findings are fundamental for a better understanding of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma.

Modeling Insurgency Dynamics: An Analytical Narrative of Political Competition in Nigeria

Modeling Insurgency Dynamics: An Analytical Narrative of Political Competition in Nigeria

Incorporating digital animation in a school play: multimodal literacies, structure of feeling and resources of hope

AbstractIn this study, we reflect on our work with 10‐ and 11‐year‐olds in an inner London primary school developing a multimodal school play that integrated digital animation into a more conventionally structured Year 6 production. We are media literacy, drama and cultural studies researchers and teachers, arguing for more inclusive, holistic and multimodal schooled literacy practices. We explore roles and opportunities for enactment that the multimodal school play offers, while looking at pupil empowerment through the mobilisation of pupils' existing capabilities and sensitivities. We present a case study that employs semi‐structured interviews and observations from which we construct visual and analytic narratives with a focus on participants' practices and responses. Raymond Williams's ‘structure of feeling’ and ‘Resources of Hope’ help us make sense of our data. In particular, we note the emergence of new roles through literacy practices that incorporate the tools and artefacts of animation. We highlight the affective dimension and inclusive nature of emergent literacy practices that integrate interactive drama and meaning‐making with digital media and look at how these practices have the potential to disrupt entrenched classroom hierarchies and tackle inequalities, particularly for children who are disenfranchised by schooling and traditional school literacy practices.

A Lost Game of Bank Bargains: West Germany and International Banking Regulation between Bretton Woods and Basel I (1972–1988)

Abstract Current theories of financial regulation suggest expanding rules-based formal state intervention to promote international banking stability. Such policy solutions should then be global in scope. This article instead argues that principles-based informal co- and self-regulation through domestic (gentlemen’s) agreements underpinned West German bank internationalisation until the 1980s. The analytic narrative approach allows the tracing of the social dynamics of the German politics of regulation, drawing on unused primary sources: Coalitions between the German regulating and regulated actors were bolstered by a liberal domestic framework and bespoke national policies. In contrast, regulatory harmonisation through international prudential standards came with high domestic adjustment costs for the German banking sector. Thus, domestic makeshift solutions to deal with and internalise cross-border financial risks proved most workable.

Campaign contributions, partisan politics, and environmental polarization in the US Congress

Abstract Prior literature has shown strong and increasing polarization on environmental voting in the US Congress, with Democrats tending to support pro-environmental (“green”) legislation and Republicans opposing it. Employing a regression discontinuity design, we provide a causal estimate of the effect of partisanship on the importance of campaign contributions from brown industries received by US legislators. Electing a Republican rather than a Democrat for the House (Senate) leads to an increase of 96% (70%) in the importance of contributions from anti-environmental (“brown”) groups. We also find that greater dependence on brown groups is associated with less pro-environmental voting for legislators from both parties and the greater the importance of brown contributions the more (less) likely that a legislator breaks the party line when its party favors (opposes) pro-environmental legislation. Finally, we provide an analytical narrative of the rise and pattern of environmental polarization consistent with our empirical findings. (JEL D72, Q58)

The Endocrine Function of the Skin: An Analytical Narrative

Background: Historically regarded as a protective barrier organ, the skin is now recognized as an active endocrine organ capable of synthesizing, and secreting diverse hormones and signaling molecules. This review intends to investigate the endocrine function of the epidermis, focusing on its role in hormone synthesis, metabolism, and signaling pathways. Objective: This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the endocrine function of the skin, including the identification of key hormones generated in the skin, their regulation, and their physiological significance. In addition, it intends to investigate the relationship between the epidermis and the endocrine system to elucidate the mechanisms underlying hormonal communication within the body. Methodology: Using electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted. Included are relevant studies, evaluations, and articles published between 1990 and 2023. The search strategy centered on the epidermis, endocrine function, hormones, and signaling pathways-related keywords. The retrieved literature was evaluated, and significant findings were analyzed. Results: The epidermis produces and responds to numerous hormones, including corticosteroids, sex hormones, thyroid hormones, Vitamin D, and growth factors, according to the findings. These hormones influence processes, including hair growth, wound healing, immune response, inflammation, and cell proliferation. In addition, the epidermis functions as a target for circulating hormones, participating in feedback loops, and regulating endocrine homeostasis. Conclusion: The skin’s endocrine function extends beyond its barrier function to play a significant role in hormonal regulation and communication. Enlightening the precise mechanisms and clinical implications of the endocrine function of the epidermis is necessary for the development of novel therapeutic approaches and interventions.

At the fringes of transitions: socio-spatial constitution of transitions within early childhood education and care institutions in Finland

ABSTRACT This study focuses on transitions that emerge between the child’s first transition from home to early childhood education and care (ECEC) and the transition to pre-primary education in Finnish centre-based ECEC. Group-based organisation of Finnish ECEC produces transitions between groups within settings but children transition between centres also. The aim is to reach the fringes of transition focusing on other change processes children encounter during their years in ECEC. Thus, transition is defined as a relationally constituted change process framed by educational institutions and their practices. We examine how children’s lived spaces of transition are socio-spatially constituted. Two analytical narratives from a longitudinal, multimethods multi-case study dataset are presented as examples of relational socio-spatial constitution of transitions. Henri Lefebvre’s theory about production of social space is applied. We discuss how educational transitions within ECEC as relational processes concerns children who are not designated to move from one group or centre to another. For them, the relationality of transitions rearranges groups and centres as networks of socio-spatial relations in various, context-specific ways, constituting lived spaces of transitions.

An analytical narrative of theDay of Dupes

On November, 11th, 1630, Queen Marie de’ Medici demanded, in vain, that her son, King Louis XIII, dismiss Richelieu as Principal Minister. Historians agree that this crisis known as the Journée des Dupes ( the Day of the Dupes) was the true foundation stone of French “absolutism”, but they disagree about whether the decision made by the Queen was rational. We analyze the historical setting of the crisis from a game theory viewpoint where the King and the Queen are two players. We consider two assumptions regarding the King and the Queen’s cognitive skills. On the one hand, we assume that both the King and the Queen are perfectly rational. On the other hand, we assume that they both have limited cognitive skills (that is, they are level- k players). In this last case we propose a definition of naivety and we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the Queen to be naive. We then study the Nash equilibrium when both the King and the Queen are perfectly rational as well as the behavioral theoretical solution of the game when they have limited cognitive skills. We rely on this study to propose an analytical narrative of the Journées des Dupes. We conclude that what we know of the historical facts does not allow us to reject the assumption that the Queen was perfectly rational, or, if she was not, that she had not been naive.

Lost archives and found voices: reconstructing the marketing history of medical marijuana in Austria-Hungary

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the marketing history of medical marijuana cigarettes in the past three decades of Austria-Hungary.Design/methodology/approachThis paper constructs an analytical narrative based on information scattered in historical periodicals.FindingsTowards the end of Habsburg rule, two Ljubljana-based pharmacists, the Trnkóczy brothers, managed to establish themselves as monopolistic suppliers of pre-rolled medical marijuana cigarettes for the entire Austrian part of the dual monarchy. Garnering the support of the regional Carniolan Government, Julius von Trnkóczy successfully argued his wares were not affected by the prohibition passed against imported French medicinal cigarettes. This happened despite medical opposition, suggesting that Trnkóczys could only operate this business because of their elevated social status. In the past decade of the 19th century, Ubald von Trnkóczy took advantage of newly loosened regulation to obtain an official permit by the royal-imperial government in Vienna. This was followed, in late 1909, by an advertising campaign covering mass media throughout the empire. This was enabled, amongst others, by a cutting down on medicinal claims. Their declining price is further indication that the cigarettes were mass marketed, especially as their core ingredient, cannabis, underwent price inflation.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of its later illegality, the research subject was for a long time considered embarrassing, leading to an absence of retrievable documents. Missing archival sources are thus a major limitation, but one which can be overcome by the concurrent reading of historical periodicals – ranging from mass-market newspapers to specialist journals and legal texts. This paper has implications for 21st-century challenges in the marketing of newly legalized medical marijuana.Originality/valueThis paper discusses the marketing history of cannabis, a drug rarely discussed in historical literature outside its medical and regulatory context, and reconstructs previously forgotten case histories.

Al-Qaeda, Salafi Jihadism and American Policy in the Greater Middle East

Abstract: While al-Qaeda is a product of specific circumstances in the Middle East, the bitter irony of its September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States is that American policy in the region before those attacks unwittingly contributed significantly to its birth and development and that American policy subsequent to the attacks created new opportunities for similar organizations to flourish, even as al-Qaeda itself lost ground to those organizations. Organizationally and ideologically, al-Qaeda was the product of the jihad against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and the successful war against Iraq in 1990-91, the two most prominent success stories in the relationship between Saudi Arabia and the United States. This essay will treat Washington's unintentional participation in the development of al-Qaeda and the group's ideological development in an analytical narrative of the founding, growth, success and eventual decline of what for Americans is the prototypical terrorist organization of the 21st century.

Analytic Narratives in Political Economy

Abstract Analytic narratives combine rational choice theory—often extensive-form, game-theoretic models—and qualitative evidence to understand historical and institutional questions in political economy. This article begins by characterizing the features of analytic narratives that distinguish this method from others in economics and political science. Analytic narratives gained prominence in the 1990s as the result of several factors, including the development of game theory, a turn away from general equilibrium theorizing, and the increasing interest in institutions and economic history. Based on the initial responses and subsequent methodological debates, four criticisms of analytic narratives are discussed: those based on claims to originality, the value of rational choice theory, case studies and external validity, and the merits of qualitative evidence. As the article argues, differing disciplinary approaches and perspectives generated many of these criticisms. Nevertheless, from a methodological perspective, analytic narratives remain an effective and distinctive method for analyzing the political economy of institutions.