The Endocrine Function of the Skin: An Analytical Narrative

Abstract

Background: Historically regarded as a protective barrier organ, the skin is now recognized as an active endocrine organ capable of synthesizing, and secreting diverse hormones and signaling molecules. This review intends to investigate the endocrine function of the epidermis, focusing on its role in hormone synthesis, metabolism, and signaling pathways. Objective: This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the endocrine function of the skin, including the identification of key hormones generated in the skin, their regulation, and their physiological significance. In addition, it intends to investigate the relationship between the epidermis and the endocrine system to elucidate the mechanisms underlying hormonal communication within the body. Methodology: Using electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted. Included are relevant studies, evaluations, and articles published between 1990 and 2023. The search strategy centered on the epidermis, endocrine function, hormones, and signaling pathways-related keywords. The retrieved literature was evaluated, and significant findings were analyzed. Results: The epidermis produces and responds to numerous hormones, including corticosteroids, sex hormones, thyroid hormones, Vitamin D, and growth factors, according to the findings. These hormones influence processes, including hair growth, wound healing, immune response, inflammation, and cell proliferation. In addition, the epidermis functions as a target for circulating hormones, participating in feedback loops, and regulating endocrine homeostasis. Conclusion: The skin’s endocrine function extends beyond its barrier function to play a significant role in hormonal regulation and communication. Enlightening the precise mechanisms and clinical implications of the endocrine function of the epidermis is necessary for the development of novel therapeutic approaches and interventions.