Analytic Hierarchy Process Method Research Articles

Prioritizing the product development roadmap of Zains SAAS using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Purpose: This study aims to prioritize the development of Zains using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Research Methodology: focusing on the key factors influencing development priorities, and combines qualitative data from a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the Board of Directors (BOD) of CNT and quantitative data from digital surveys. Qualitative data provide insights into strategic priorities, challenges, and development goals, while quantitative data obtained through the AHP method determine the relative importance of various criteria and alternatives. This study identifies the key criteria for product development, including market demand, financial impact, technological relevance, operational efficiency, compliance, and security. Affinity Diagrams and TOWS Matrix were used to analyze qualitative data from the FGD. The proposed alternatives include mobile application feature enhancements, AI-powered financial insights integration, and enhanced security features.The AHP results indicate that the integration of AI-powered financial insights is the primary alternative in the Zains development roadmap. Results: These findings provide insights for CNT to optimize the development of Zains and to maintain their relevance and competitiveness in the SaaS market. These recommendations are beneficial for other SaaS providers facing similar challenges.

Strategy for Reducing Stunting Rate Using Analytical Hierarchy Process in Garut District

This investigation seeks to select the most effective strategy for reducing the stunting rate in the Garut district so that the high stunting rate can be de- creased. This study used qualitative methods to collect primary and secondary data through direct observation and interviews. Additionally, supplementary data was obtained from literature reviews, interview guidelines, recording equipment, and cameras used as research instruments. The analysis method uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process method along with an analysis tool called Expert Choice software to make choosing the most important criteria, sub-criteria, and options easier. Therefore, in this research, the selected sub-criteria and alternatives are sub-criteria for RT drinking water management and alternative socialization that must be prioritized to reduce the garut stunting rate. In contrast to the RT Drinking Water Management Subcriteria, which has a weight of 550 and a consistency value of 0.0014 and is deemed consistent because the consistency value is less than 0.1, the Alternative Socialization Subcriteria has a weight of 361 and a consistency value of 0.02 and is also deemed consistent because the consistency value is less than 0.1. Then, the priority results from the analytical hierarchy process were strengthened using a SWOT analysis, with the RT Drinking Water Management and Alternative Socialization sub-criteria having good weight and being located in quadrant I, which has the capability and potential to reduce the stunting rate of the Garut Regency’s.

Criteria for selection of technology to exploit groundwater in water-scarce area in Vietnam

Abstract. Water extraction solutions in the high mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam commonly include rainwater harvesting, dug wells, drilled wells, groundwater springs, and hanging lakes. However, many water supply systems operate inefficiently and lack flexibility. This study established 10 criteria for selecting groundwater exploitation technology, divided into three groups: water resources, economic and technical, social, and environmental criteria. These criteria aim to identify appropriate water extraction technologies suitable for high mountainous and water-scarce regions, ensuring the long-term and efficient operation of water supply systems. The Geographic Information System (GIS) approach was utilized, integrating the criteria using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to select suitable water extraction technologies. The research results indicate that the evaluation criteria for determining suitable areas for implementing sustainable water extraction technologies, and the weights assigned to these criteria, ensure a consistent ratio (CR) <10 % according to the hierarchical analysis method. This article presents the results of identifying areas suitable for implementing groundwater extraction technologies using drilled wells, based on seven criteria within three groups: water resources, economic and technical, and social criteria. The GIS approach has been employed, and the criteria have been integrated using the AHP to select and determine the areas suitable for implementing groundwater extraction technologies using drilled wells.

Investigation of the flood event under global climate change with different analysis methods for both historical and future periods

ABSTRACT Global climate change is a phenomenon resulting from the complex interaction of human influences and natural factors. These changes lead to imbalances in climate systems as human activities such as greenhouse gas emissions increase atmospheric gas concentrations. This situation affects the frequency and intensity of climate events worldwide, with floods being one of them. Floods manifest as water inundations due to factors such as changes in rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, erosion, and sea level rise. These floods cause significant damage to sensitive areas such as residential areas, agricultural lands, river valleys, and coastal regions, adversely impacting people's lives, economies, and environments. Therefore, flood risk has been investigated in decision-making processes in the Diyarbakır province using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and future disintegration of global climate model data. HadGEM-ES, GFDL-ESM2M, and MPI-ESM-MR models with RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were used. Model data were disintegrated using the equivalent quantile matching method. The study reveals flood risk findings in the HadGEM-ES model while no flood risk was found in the GFDL-ESM2M and MPI-ESM-MR models. In the AHP method, flood risk analysis was conducted based on historical data across Diyarbakır and interpreted alongside future rainfall data.

Optimizing regression testing with AHP-TOPSIS metric system for effective technical debt evaluation

Regression testing is essential to ensure that the actual software product confirms the expected requirements following modification. However, it can be costly and time-consuming. To address this issue, various approaches have been proposed for selecting test cases that provide adequate coverage of the modified software. Nonetheless, problems related to omitting and/or rerunning unnecessary test cases continue to pose challenges, particularly with regard to technical debt (TD) resulting from code coverage shortcomings and/or overtesting. In the case of testing-related shortcomings, incurring TD may result in cost and time savings in the short run, but it can lead to future maintenance and testing expenses. Most prior studies have treated test case selection as a single-objective or two-objective optimization problem. This study introduces a multi-objective decision-making approach to quantify and evaluate TD in regression testing. The proposed approach combines the analytic-hierarchy-process (AHP) method and the technique of order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) to select the most ideal test cases in terms of objective values defined by the test cost, code coverage, and test risk. This approach effectively manages the software regression testing problems. The AHP method was used to eliminate subjective bias when optimizing objective weights, while the TOPSIS method was employed to evaluate and select test-case alternatives based on TD. The effectiveness of this approach was compared to that of a specific multi-objective optimization method and a standard coverage methodology. Unlike other approaches, our proposed approach always accepts solutions based on balanced decisions by considering modifications and using risk analysis and testing costs against potential technical debt. The results demonstrate that our proposed approach reduces both TD and regression testing efforts.

Analysis of The Core Industry Determination of Cassava-Based Industrial Clusters Development in Jember Regency

The cassava-based industry is an industry that processes cassava into various processed products. Development of cassava-based industry in Jember Regency can be carried out through a cluster approach. The cluster approach is a geographic concentration of interrelated and collaborating companies, involving suppliers of goods, service providers, core industries, related industries, and institutions. This research aims to determine the potential core industry of cassava-based industrial cluster development in Jember Regency. Analysis of the core industry of cassava-based industrial cluster development in Jember Regency was carried out using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. The research stages start from analysis, hierarchical structure, and AHP method to obtain core industry priorities. The research results show that the type of cassava-based industry that has the highest alternative weight is the tape industry with a weight of 0.415. The tape industry is the core industry with the most potential because in terms of 6 criteria, namely: the number of industries, market reach, production capacity, raw material potential, government policy, and access to investor funding, the tape industry has the highest weight. Based on this, the tape industry was chosen to be the core industry of cassava-based industrial cluster development in Jember Regency.

Validation of effect of composite additive on optimized combustion characteristics of CI engine using AHP and GRA method

The primary focus of this study is the validation of composite additives with the help of additional optimization methods and the analysis of its effect on the combustion characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engines. Previous work on the identification of the correct multi additive combination by Taguchi and the TOPSIS optimization method has shown substantial improvements in the performance and emission characteristics of CI engines. The same work was extended using the GRA Optimization method with the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) optimization technique known as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to validate the optimization results from the previous optimization work. Remarkably, all optimization methods yielded consistent results, pointing to the superiority of the composite additive sample ‘D8EH6E4 hence supporting the outcome of previous work. Subsequent testing and comparison of this novel composite additive with baseline diesel fuel for combustion characteristics analysis demonstrated notable improvements in combustion parameters, including a 25 % reduction in the rate of pressure rise, an 18 % decrease in net heat release rate, and a 6 % decrease in mean gas temperature.

Advancing sustainability: An integrated decision support framework for fleet selection in open pit mining construction

The process of selecting and configuring equipment fleets for open-pit mining is complex, requiring consideration of both quantitative and qualitative criteria. This paper presents a novel comprehensive framework for selecting loading/hauling fleets in open-pit mining projects. Through an extensive review of the literature, a total of 21 selection criteria are initially identified. With guidance from local experts, these criteria are shortlisted into five primary groups: site conditions, managerial, social, and environmental criteria. The ranking of the identified selection criteria is carried out by employing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) methods, utilizing a questionnaire survey. The most crucial criteria in selecting loading/hauling equipment are identified as the equipment's operating cost, productivity, repair and maintenance costs, and soil condition. An optimization module is developed to optimize the selected fleet, while adhering to sustainability principles and project constraints. The optimization module considers social, economic, and environmental sustainability variables to determine the optimal number, size, type, and capacity of fleets needed to complete the work within the allotted time. As a case study, the proposed framework is validated by experts in these types of projects. The framework's ability to effectively select fleet units for sustainable loading/hauling fleet is confirmed through this validation method.

Optimizing Paylater Service Design with Service Quality Approach Using Factor Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process Methods

The automotive business is one of the businesses that experienced a difficult time during the Covid pandemic and gradually increased after the pandemic along with the increasing need for transportation. The aftersales service business has a considerable revenue contribution to the company, but the competition in this business is very tight, considering the cost of service at authorized workshops is more expensive compared to non-authorized workshops. To increase people's interest in using the after-sales service at PT Astra Isuzu, transformation is needed related to service, service quality and payment channel. PT Astra Isuzu already has an e-wallet called AstraPay, which works together with Maucash paylater. However, this digital payment platform has not been utilized as a payment channel for aftersales service. This research aims to identify and prioritize customer needs related to paylater payment methods. The method used in this research consists of 2 (two) stages, namely factor analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The factor analysis method is used to determine the factors that have a positive and significant effect on interest in using paylater by identifying and measuring factors that are thought to have an effect. Furthermore, these factors are made into quality dimensions through Service Quality. While the AHP method is used to determine the priority ranking of the results of factor analysis by weighting. So that the results of factor analysis will be the basis for determining criteria in the AHP method. Data collection in this study used a questionnaire method with respondents being Isuzu vehicle service users. Focus group discussion was also conducted by involving the management of PT Astra Isuzu. By using factor analysis method, it was found that from 15 indicators were reduced to 9 indicators which were grouped into 3 components or factors. Furthermore, for the 9 indicators, AHP weighting was carried out, in which the 3 most important priorities for paylater design were the speed of handling customer complaints, Service Advisor providing information about paylater to customers and followed by a smooth and stable internet network at Astra Isuzu.

Implementation of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to select the best vendor for bio-efficacy trials (case study: the xyz agrochemical company)

Purpose: The pesticide industry is highly regulated by various regulations and requirements. Getting a distribution permit for a pesticide depends on the results of bio-efficacy trials carried out by institutions outside the company (vendors). These vendors must be selected from a list that has been made by the Ministry of Agriculture. Choosing a vendor is quite a difficult endeavor because not all vendors have the same competencies. Research Methodology: One method to choose a vendor among several vendors based on various criteria hierarchically that meets the requirements is to use the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This thesis presents the results of the trial of the use of the AHP method in the XYZ Agrochemical Company using a qualitative and quantitative approach by collecting primary data through questionnaires and interviews with a team of Research and Development experts from the XYZ Agrochemical Company. Results: The results of the case study at the XYZ Agrochemical Company show the practical application of the AHP model in real-world vendor selection scenarios, providing an overview of the relative significance of each criterion and its impact on the overall decision-making process. Limitations: Secondary data was obtained from government regulations, company reports, and relevant literature to form vendor profiles, organizational capabilities, and pesticide regulations that apply specifically to Indonesia. Contribution: Through the AHP framework, based on the results of the interview, a hierarchical structure of evaluation criteria in selecting vendors was established, including expertise, past performance, laboratory and field facilities, timely delivery, in conducting bio-efficacy trials, and vendor responsiveness in communicating.

Analisis Penentuan Hirarki Pusat Pelayanan Di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara

This research discusses determining the hierarchy of service centers in North Labuhanbatu Regency with a quantitative approach using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Gravity Analysis, Scalogram and Centrality Index methods. The secondary data used was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of North Labuhanbatu Regency. This approach provides objective results in determining the priorities of service centers in the region. The research results show that there is a level of diversity in facilities in each sub-district, with Kualuh Selatan sub-district having the most facilities. Apart from that, the frequency of the existence of facilities also influences the centrality index and determining the hierarchy of service centers. These findings provide insight for local governments in more effective and efficient development planning.

Evaluation based on multi-criteria decision-making methods and spherical fuzzy framework for security and privacy in metaverse technologies: A case study

Integrating the metaverse technology with the transportation system has several security and privacy issues. This study assesses the 12 security solutions to select the best one to overcome security and privacy issues (such as data theft, unauthorized access, and theft of personal data) when integrating the transportation system with metaverse technology. A suggested methodology is conducted by experts and decision-makers using linguistic terms and spherical fuzzy numbers to express their opinions on evaluating the criteria and alternatives. Selecting the best security solution (alternative) is critical because it includes several conflict security criteria, such as data theft, authentication, security attacks, and others. This paper introduces a methodology for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) in a spherical fuzzy (SF) environment. The MCDM method dealt with various conflicting criteria, and SF dealt with uncertainty and vague information while evaluating the criteria and alternatives. The suggested methodology consists of two main phases. The first phase introduces the analytic hierarchy process (SF-AHP) method to compute the criteria weights. The second phase introduces the Weighted Aggregates Sum Product Assessment (SF-WASPAS) method to rank and select the best alternative. The results show the end-to-end authentication protocol is the best alternative (security solution). This study conducted a sensitivity analysis of the stability of the rank by changing the criteria’s weights. The sensitivity analysis results show that the end-to-end authentication protocol is the best alternative (security solution) in different cases. We compare the suggested methodology with six other MCDM methods: SF-TOPSIS, SF-VIKOR, SF-MABAC, SF-CODAS, SF-MARCOS, and SF-COPRAS to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the presented methodology is robust compared to other MCDM methods.

Assessing the vulnerability of selected coastal informal settlements to floods in the Old Brahmaputra River floodplain, Bangladesh

Urban informal communities in floodplains are particularly vulnerable to flooding and are often overlooked in the disaster response and development strategy. Therefore, determining the vulnerability of such communities is crucial for enhancing resilience and facilitating effective disaster preparedness. This study assesses the vulnerability of three low-income informal urban settlements in the Old Brahmaputra River floodplains of Bangladesh. A total of 15 indicators against three major sub-components of vulnerability (social, physical, and economic) are selected to calculate the index using the analytical hierarchy process and simple average method. Findings revealed moderate vulnerability in all selected communities. ANOVA revealed a significant difference in vulnerability indices among these selected settlements. It was further observed that, unlike community characteristics, the vulnerability levels tend to be influenced by the choice of analytical approach. Based on the study findings, the concerned organizations can implement measures like improving means of risk communication, providing basic amenities, and promoting social capital, which can be utilized to enhance the adaptive capacities of informal settlements.

The Priority Areas for Groundwater Utilization in Fractured Rock Formation, Pangandaran Regency

Abstract Pangandaran Regency is one of the best tourist destinations in West Java; many tourist attractions and regional developments to facilitate visiting tourists increase the need for water. However, in some areas of Pangandaran Regency, it is included in the rare groundwater zone according to its aquifer productivity, especially in the fracture rock formation, so it is necessary to conduct research related to the presence of groundwater in the area. This study aims to determine priority areas for the development of groundwater utilization in fractured rock formations located in the Pangandaran Regency. The fracture rock formations in Pangandaran Regency are located from the northwest to the southeast; on the regional geological map, the formation’s name is the Jampang Formation. This study used the Groundwater Potential Index (GPI) method to determine groundwater potential and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine water utilization area levels. The parameters used are fracture (F), lithology (L), drainage (D), topography (T), rainfall (R), water usage, land use, and population distribution. This research shows that areas with rare groundwater zones still have groundwater potential that can be developed to meet water needs. There are five priority area classifications: very high is 19 km2, high is 17.92 km2, medium is 67.90 km2, low is 70.99 km2, and very low is 162.40 km2.

Evaluation of large-scale deforestation susceptibility mapping in the mountainous region of the Himalayas: A case study of the Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, India

The Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve (KBR) is located in the Eastern Himalayas and serves as a critical habitat for endemic species of flora and fauna, as well as playing a key role in carbon sequestration. The primary aim of this study was to map large-scale deforestation susceptibility zones in the mountainous region of KBR. The study area was divided into three zones: (a) Transition Zone, (b) Core Zone, and (c) Buffer Zone. This study utilized multiple remote sensing datasets acquired through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, including precipitation, temperature, elevation, forest density, distance from rivers, NDVI, NDSI, distance from settlements, settlement density, distance from roads, and land use and land cover data. Additionally, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) methods were employed to map deforestation susceptibility. To validate the proposed deforestation susceptibility, Hansen Global Forest Change (HGFC) data from 2001 to 2022 were used. Moreover, deforestation susceptibility was evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) metrics. Notably, our findings revealed significant declines in tree cover of 1.60%, 1.27%, and 0.89% in the Transition, Core, and Buffer Zones, respectively, during critical years (2009, 2011, 2019, 2020). These periods witnessed substantial deforestation, indicating a deteriorating condition of the reserve's forest cover. Although there were minor discrepancies in the results of the two methods, both highlighted the particular vulnerability of the transition zones in the eastern and southern regions of KBR. The comprehensive methodology employed in this research establishes an advanced spatial data infrastructure that is indispensable for immediate conservation planning and adaptive management strategies. The insights gleaned from this investigation hold substantial promise for guiding future restoration and conservation efforts aimed at enriching biodiversity and fortifying ecosystem services in this critical area.

Application of a Performance Evaluation Model to the Paper and Paper Products Printing Sector: The DEA-AHP Hybrid Algorithm

The paper and paper products printing sector plays a crucial role in generating income, creating employment opportunities, and supporting exports and various industries. Measuring the efficiency of companies operating in this sector is important in identifying areas for improvement and enhancing overall performance. In this study, a two-stage DEA (data envelopment analysis)-AHP (analytic hierarchy process) approach is proposed to analyze the efficiency of twelve paper and paper products printing companies traded on Borsa Istanbul. The modified DEA method is employed to make pairwise comparisons of the companies. Total assets, total equity, and the number of employees are selected as inputs, while revenue and net profit are considered as outputs. The AHP method prioritizes the companies by considering the outputs of the mathematical models constructed via DEA. The proposed framework presents a different view because it contributes to identifying the most efficient company, benchmarking company performance, and determining areas for improvement.

Regional Superior Products as The Key to Sustainable Food Security in Jember Regency, Indonesia

Understanding the development planning priorities and commodity sub-sector in Jember Regency, it is necessary to acknowledge the prime sub-sector and the primary commodity sector in Jember Regency. Regional products should be able to prioritize the sub-sector and the preferred crop, prime and which is considered a sub-sector basis to optimize the food security in the region. The research was conducted from 2016 to 2021 by several analysis methods: Location Quotient, Analytical Hierarchy Process, and Exponential Comparative Method. The criteria used are based on seven normative criteria. The results showed that plantation and horticultural crops were the basis of sectors in the 2016-2020 survey, with values of 2,1036 and 1,3879. Based on the analytical hierarchy process and exponential comparative method analysis, it is seen that there are many leading commodities in the agriculture sector. These commodities are orange fruit, durian, banana, mushrooms, chili, coffee, and sugarcane.

Production risk management of prawn crackers using fuzzy FMEA and fuzzy AHP methods

Prawn crackers hold a significant position within Indonesia's agro-industrial product landscape. The industrial process involved in their production is fraught with potential risks that could result in substantial losses for companies. PT. XYZ, a prominent prawn cracker producer in Indonesia, grapples with various risks, including non-compliant raw material supplies, machinery and equipment breakdowns, product defects, and process failures. Hence, there is an imperative need for comprehensive risk management involving further analysis, identification of potential failure modes, and formulation of mitigation strategies to curb losses. This research aims to ascertain the priority of potential failure modes and their corresponding mitigation strategies in the prawn cracker production process at PT. XYZ. The study employs risk analysis through the Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (Fuzzy-FMEA) method and determines mitigation strategies using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP) method. The findings reveal 11 identified failure modes in PT. XYZ's prawn cracker production process, with machinery and equipment damage emerging as the top-priority failure mode, giving a Fuzzy Risk Priority Number (FRPN) value of 7.620. The recommended mitigation strategy involves intensifying inspections of production machinery and equipment, both before and after use by workers, with a weight of 0.368.

Quantitative assessment of human error of emergency behavior for hazardous chemical spills in chemical parks

In-depth research on human error is of great significance to improve the human reliability in the emergency rescue as well as to avoid the occurrence of secondary accidents. Therefore, the standardized process and key emergency behaviors in the emergency rescue process of hazardous chemical leakage accidents are first analyzed. Based on the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method, the human error mode was sorted out, and the human error probability estimation model was established. Combining the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process and entropy weight method, a model for estimating the severity of human error was established, realizing the quantitative analysis of the human reliability of the emergency behavior. The study showed that the 21 emergency behaviors were clustered into 3 categories, with clustering 1 including 2 emergency behaviors, which have the highest level of severity, clustering 2 including 11 emergency behaviors, and clustering 3 including 8 emergency behaviors. Finally, countermeasures were proposed in four areas, including increasing the level of Common Performance Conditions and the ability to transmit information on accidents, etc. It indicates that the method can widely guide the improvement of emergency response capability in chemical parks.

Vulnerability Assessment and Spatial Pattern Analysis of Earthquake Disaster in Hebei Province

To evaluate the vulnerability of earthquake disaster in Hebei Province and analyze the spatial pattern, the aim is to provide theoretical basis for emergency management departments to prevent and respond to disasters. This study uses the subjective and objective evaluation mechanism, through the integration of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method to determine the weight distribution of each index. The assessment model is used to assess the vulnerability of earthquake disasters, and the spatial pattern characteristics are studied by global spatial autocorrelation analysis and LISA clustering analysis.The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The area with the greatest vulnerability to earthquake disaster is Shijiazhuang High-tech Zone (0.761); The lowest value is 0.243 in Qian 'an City, Tangshan City, and there are great differences among some regions. (2) The vulnerability of all counties (cities and districts) in Hebei Province has a positive correlation and aggregation with their spatial locations, and the spatial distribution is low in the whole province, high in the local area, high in the southeast and low in the northwest. (3) It is found that measures such as training health workers and expanding professional emergency management team can reduce the overall level of earthquake disaster vulnerability in Hebei Province.