Analysis Of Exercises Research Articles

A synopsis of different approaches to the certification of reference materials

Proliferation of Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (RMs), agencies and individuals preparing and characterizing them for a wide variety of inorganic and organic chemical constituents, makes it pertinent to look at the various certification approaches followed. This synopsis presents amalgamated versions of several of the major certification approaches, for natural-matrix RMs, alluding to some of the many factors that significantly affect the conduct and outcome of the analytical characterization exercises.

Muscle metabolism changes with training in the nonamputated limb after vascular amputation: Interest of phosphorus 31 NMR spectroscopy

Objective: To determine by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy the efficacy of training in improving aerobic metabolism of calf muscle in nonamputated limb after recent vascular amputation; to assess the possible associated microcirculatory changes; and to evaluate the need for noninvasive monitoring techniques during training in the nonamputated limb after recent vascular amputation. Design: Prospective study, before and after training. Subjects served as their own controls and were compared with a control group. Setting: Rehabilitation center of a university hospital. Patients: Ten unilateral vascular amputated patients were included with ankle systolic index between 0.5 and 0.8 in the nonamputated limb, and 10 control subjects without cardiovascular disease or risk factors of atherosclerosis with ankle systolic index of >.95. Intervention: Walking with prosthesis at self-selected velocity over increasing walking distance, arm training at a workload of 60% of a maximal arm test, and analytical exercises of the nonamputated leg (dynamic contractions against low resistance). Subjects received training as inpatients, 5 days a week. Main Outcome Measures: Before and after training, ankle systolic index, forefoot transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPo 2) and veno-arteriolar reflex, and digital plethysmography of the second toe with reactive hyperemia test were studied. Changes in calf muscle pH, phosphocreatine (PCr), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were measured by 31P NMR spectroscopy at rest and during a plantar flexion-type incremental protocol. Results: There was no significant difference in ankle systolic index (.63 ± .10 vs .64 ± .07) or in TcPo 2 (42 ± 11 vs 44 ± 10mmHg), and there was reappearance of veno-arteriolar reflex in 3 cases, of a plethysmographic signal in 2 cases, and of the positivity of the reactive hyperemia test in 3 cases. No differences were found with 31P NMR spectroscopy at rest before and after training. At the same workload (1 watt) the difference of the ratio (PCr/(PCr + Pi)) of rest to effort (PCr depletion) was significantly increased in the amputated patients (.423 ± .159 vs .145 ± .058; p < .01). This difference of ratio was lower after training (.360 ± .158 vs .423 ± .159; p < .05). The pH was less acid between the two periods. Conclusion: Vascular monitoring with systolic index and TcPo 2 is necessary to follow and to prevent serious ischemia of the nonamputated limb. Claudication is often not detected because of early exhaustion during walking. Training after recent vascular amputation improves the skeletal muscle oxydative capacity.

Analytical chemical laboratory exercises on basic and advanced level at the Technical University Budapest

An overview on the practical laboratory work done by the chemical engineering students is given at different levels of the curriculum of the Faculty of Chemical Engineering. Laboratory exercises and individual laboratory work is carried out at the following levels: Basic level. The different analytical chemical methods are acquisited by the students. Advanced level. A problem oriented project work is done with integrated use of the different analytical methods in the 8th semester. Thesis work. Specialized individual work on an elected research topic. Postgraduate courses. Organized for the understanding and practice of the latest methods and applications in the analytical chemistry. The programs of the different levels are detailed in the following.

Numerical Modeling of Earth Structures: Some Things to Consider

Numerical modeling of earth structures has increased dramatically in geotechnical engineering design practice in recent years. This popularity coincides with the widespread availability of powerful new computer codes. Complex problems can now be analyzed in ways not thought possible 5 years ago. Whether this proliferation of analyses is a healthy trend that is improving the quality of design services is addressed. The purpose of this study is to pause and consider several analytical exercises for recent projects-some successful, some not- and examine the factors that most strongly influence the quality of analytical predictions.

Numerical Modeling of Earth Structures: Some Things to Consider

Numerical modeling of earth structures has increased dramatically in geotechnical engineering design practice in recent years. This popularity coincides with the widespread availability of powerful new computer codes. Complex problems can now be analyzed in ways not thought possible 5 years ago. Whether this proliferation of analyses is a healthy trend that is improving the quality of design services is addressed. The purpose of this study is to pause and consider several analytical exercises for recent projects—some successful, some not—and examine the factors that most strongly influence the quality of analytical predictions.

On Perfect Foresight Models of a Stochastic World

Long-run analysis is often based on perfect foresight equilibrium relationships arbitrarily augmented to incorporate stochastic shocks. This paper examines whether perfect foresight models admit interpretations as limits of stochastic economies and reflect long-run behavior and policy effects. It provides a novel interpretation of such models, specifies consistency criteria for long-run analysis, and proposes metrics for model convergence. Analytical and calibration exercises are conducted to show that convergence to perfect foresight need not occur and even when it occurs it does not ensure that relationships between long-run averages or low-frequency components are captured by perfect foresight models. Copyright 1994 by Royal Economic Society.

Review of Marketing Management: Analytic Exercises for Spreadsheets, 2nd Edition

Review of Marketing Management: Analytic Exercises for Spreadsheets, 2nd Edition

"The Aircraft and Parts Industry in Southern California: Continuity and Change from the Inter-War Years to the 1990s

In this paper we discuss the history and the geography of the aircraft and parts industry in Southern California from its origins in the 1920s and 1930s to the present day. We begin by tracing out the early growth of the industry in Los Angeles and San Diego in the inter-war years. We then show how, with the advent of the Second World War and concomitant increases in federal military expenditures, the role of Southern California as the dominant center of aircraft and parts manufacturing in the United States was effectively consolidated. A detailed geographical description of the industry over three time periods-1956, 1972 and 1988-is presented. We then engage in two major analytical exercises: first, a statistical description of the contemporary spatial organization of local labor markets around major plants; and second, an investigation (with the aid of questionnaire data) of intraregional linkage structures in the industry. We suggest that these two domains of economic activity engender significant external economies. We also suggest that the same economies must be seen as being major sources of the long-term success of the aircraft and parts manufacturing complex of Southern California. The paper ends with a brief review of the competitive advantages and possible future dilemmas of the industry in Southern California.

IMF conditionality: Conceptual problems and policy alternatives

This paper argues that the main issue damaging relations between developing countries and the International Monetary Fund is the latter's position that external disequilibria are always a consequence of excess aggregate domestic demand, caused by excessive credit expansion. As a result, Fund sponsored stabilization programs center on demand contraction through a credit crunch and may establish stricter domestic performance criteria than necessary to attain the balance-of-payments objectives. The author suggests that the IMF establish a two-tier conditionality system, which he calls the “hands-off” approach, with one tier composed exclusively of balance-of-payments or foreign exchange denominated variables, and the other of domestic currency denominated variables. The two-tier system would allow more flexibility in compliance assessment and might reduce substantially the number of breakdowns of Fund programs. A revised “hands-on” approach for the Fund is also suggested. The author critiques the recessive biases of the currently used financial analytical exercises and makes specific proposals to introduce “growth exercises” to establish the foreign credit requirements of a growth-oriented stabilization program and thus to introduce performance criteria for creditor countries and banks — a form of “reciprocal conditionality.”

Corporate Power and Economic Sabotage

This chapter proposes to raise some central but neglected questions about the political economy of power and public policy is economic giantism relevant to an understanding of the shape and practical consequences of government policies? It examines the impact of corporate giantism on regulatory policy in the automobile industry. The chapter explores the consequences of Bigness for international trade policy in steel. It describes the significance of economic giantism for macro-economic stabilization policy and highlights some general public policy implications. The elegant analytical exercises make no allowance for the possibility that corporate power might be mobilized to sabotage even the most finely tuned incentive-based regulatory policy. Steel is an important basic input in the manufacture of many products throughout the economy, including automobiles, consumer appliances and other consumer durable goods, and in the construction of factories, plants, and equipment. It is a fundamental tenet in economics that protection of domestic industries from foreign competition is harmful to society.

It Is Important to Know What Questions to Ask

Our principal concern in the study of physics is: how does Nature behave? The answer is best gotten by finding the answers to an array of simpler fundamental questions. It is important, therefore, to know what questions to ask. This paper bears on several instructional points of view: (1) in the professor's narration there is too much communication of fact and too few of the right kinds of questions asked; (2) textbook problems do not cultivate the habit of asking questions; (3) there should be more general analytic exercises which permit the examination of limiting cases, for in limiting cases lies the heart of the inquiry; (4) demonstration experiments must be accompanied by appropriate questions. Illustrative examples point up the argument.

The Closed Differential Pulley: Analysis of Its Rotational and Linear Motions

A mechanical system of special design, primarily for instructional purposes, is proposed, mathematically analyzed, and tested experimentally. It may be regarded as a hybrid form between the compound wheel-and-axle and the differential pulley or chain hoist. Although the design is simple, the analysis is not too obvious at the start, and is somewhat complicated, exhibiting coordinated angular and linear motions with constant accelerations due entirely to the weight of the movable pulley. While the analysis assumes no friction, the actual heat loss can be readily calculated from time and displacement measurements and the equivalent friction force determined. Numerous equations and numerical data are included. The system offers various challenges to student interest in classical mechanics, both on the lower-division and advanced levels. Particular experimental work is suggested and analytical exercises given for use by teachers.