Analytical Elements Research Articles

Perceptions of adolescent pregnancy in the rural context and the Colombian armed conflict: a qualitative approach based on social determination of health

BackgroundAdolescent pregnancy in rural areas is a persistent health problem that has still not properly been understood. Studies with qualitative perspectives that address this phenomenon as a complex social process, which involves the recognition of the voices of the actors involved and the analysis of the specific context in which it takes place, are limited.ObjectiveThis research explored the perceptions of young people and other social actors (municipalities of Palmira and El Cerrito in Colombia) of the social forces and dimensions of the social determination of adolescent pregnancy in the Amaime river basin. These geographic areas have been scenes of armed violence with various groups in combat within the context of a long-standing political conflict in Colombia. After the 2016 Havana agreements were signed, peacebuilding has been underway in its territories.MethodsA qualitative study that implemented focus groups and semi-structured interviews was conducted. The theoretical approach of social determination of health proposed by Breilh was used to study the social process entailed in adolescent pregnancy. Perceptions about social conditions, specific ways of life, and lifestyles were addressed. Galtung and Fischer’s theoretical approach on violence and peacebuilding was also incorporated to enrich the understanding of the Colombian context. The analysis was conducted with approaches from phenomenology.ResultsLiving conditions with strong social stigma and demand for social, political, and cultural opportunities were found. Regarding ways of life, little communication and information about sex education was perceived. As for lifestyles, there are youthful behaviors infused by sociocultural traditions that affect life projects and sexual behavior. Gender relations are precarious, and there are various types of violence that limit effective peacebuilding.ConclusionsThis study contributes to a priority issue in sexual and reproductive health, with an approach that generates analytical elements to comprehensively expand the social and health interventions required.

Seguridad socioambiental: Hacia un programa de investigación desde una analítica de la gubernamentalidad

It seeks to offer analytical and conceptual elements to analyze the link between environmental degradation and the environment of criminal violence in the Rio La Sabana and the Laguna de Tres Palos sub-watershed region, which is located within the metropolitan area of  Acapulco Guerrero city. A theoretical discussion is developed on the nature of the socio-environmental study object, the various ways in which the relationship between violence and environmental conflicts has been developed, and is proposed a theoretical approach based on the concept of socio-environmental security. Michel Foucault and Achille Mbembé's analysis of governmentality is useful for reflecting on socio-environmental participative processes insofar as they generate reflections on a given state of the nature-society link, putting into question the narratives of sustainability and complex systems theory.

Practice and Opinion of Doctors in Primary Health Care Centers Toward Referral System: Samples from Nine Governorates in Iraq

Background: Most primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) in Iraq have a referral system records; however, this mechanism does not function well because of the lack of other requirements for an efficient referral system.
 Objective: To assess the practice & opinion of doctors in PHCs toward the referral system, and to determine the doctors in PHC's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines.
 Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine health directorates in Iraq, from the 1st October 2018 – 30th June 2019.One PHC was selected randomly form each sector in every governorate, A questionnaire was used to collect the required information. SPSS version 24 analysis was used for the statistical analysis.
 Results: sixty-three doctors were working in PHCs had participated in the current study, the mean age (40.03 ±10.24), 58.7%were female, 46% were general practitioner, 30.2% of the participated doctors had 300 and less patient/month; 31.7% of doctors had ≤10 Patients referred/month, emergencies was the main cause for referral (46.03%), and 37(58.37%) of doctors announced that the referred-form not retrained to the PHC, and ever retrained-forms had no feedback 29(46%), 28(44%)of the participated doctors agreed that the current referral-system was effective and seven of them strongly agreed, 59(93.7%) believe in the importance of hospital-feedback, with a significant relationship between their attitude about the effective-current-referral system & Refer cases Percentage, while no significant-relation with their Patients examined/month. Loaded crowded and hospital doctors shortage as possible causes and suggest to referral-system activation especially the hospital -part".
 Conclusions: there was inadequate knowledge of referral-policies and lack of coordination or/and clear feedback-expectations and PHCs-hospitals collaboration and lack of referral-system integrated within an electronic-health-record.

THE USE OF ANALYTICAL FOLKLORE IN THE NOVEL “SULTAN JALALIDDIN” BY ERKIN SAMANDAR

This article discusses and compares the analytical and stylistic folklore elements used in the novel Sultan Jalaliddin written by Erkin Samandar and the writer’s skill in using them. It presents exact excerpts and examines the adaptation of folk tales about Najmiddin Kubro, Sultan Jalaliddin, Majididdin Baghdadi, and others in their original form and in a modified, elegant way in the novel. It emphasizes that folklore is a key tool in the development of novel art. There are also clear examples of variants of folk tales in the scientific work. The similarities and differences are also contrasted. In particular, it discusses writing skills and unique style of expression of thought by Erkin Samandar. Keywords: Erkin Samandar, writer, novel, analytical folklore, stylization, Najmiddin Kubro, Jaloliddin Manguberdi, Majididdin Baghdadi, Shamsulmulk, legend, legend, myth, mastery, art.

El terror de estado en la Argentina (1975-1983) como parte de una historia del siglo XX

This article explores the history of state terrorism in Argentina during the years 1975-1983, integrating it into a process that covers the entire 20th century. By way of an essay and based on our previous research, as well as on the specific bibliography, the proposal is to explain the conditions of possibility of a paradigmatic case of mass violence including three temporal variables. In the first place, long-term processes are exposed, studying the first decades of the 20th century; then those of the medium term, working on the decades of 1950, 1960 and 1970 and, finally, those of the short term address the conjuncture 1973-1976. Each section deals with a set of analytical elements that we consider essential to understand and explain the process of repressive accumulation that is connected with the massacre of political opponents in the 1970s. In general, we have targeted a series of key actors: the Armed Forces, the Security Forces, constitutional governments, de facto governments, and civil actors linked to the repression. At the same time, we include a set of elements, also decisive: the frameworks of exception, the military doctrine, the dehumanization of the enemy, the legal and illegal methods, and the repressive practices and experiences. We hope to insert state terrorism into a diverse and multi-determined history, in order to better understand and explain a phenomenon of extreme complexity.

Proximate Analysis and Elemental Composition of Terminalia Catappa Fruit

Introduction: Terminalia catappa is a large tropical tree in the lead wood tree family, combretacea. This plant is regarded as a medicinal plant and can be used in the treatment of cough, syphilis, hydropsy, rheumatism, and other infections.
 Aim: This study assessed the nutritional value of Terminalia catappa and the composition of elements present in the plant fruit.
 Methods: Proximate analysis was carried out according to food chemistry analytical methods and elements were estimated by atomic absorption and flame spectroscopy respectively.
 Results: Proximate analysis showed that the fruits contained 81.96% moisture content, 1.47% ash, 0.04% crude fat, 1.11% crude protein, 14.05% carbohydrate, and 1.41% crude fibre. The fruits were found to be good sources of minerals. Sodium (2.1±0.01 mg/100 g), potassium (72.5±1.03 mg/100 g), calcium (320±2.00mg/100g), magnesium (20±2.65 mg/100 g), iron (20±3.0 mg/100 g), manganese (2±0.36 mg/100 g), and zinc (8±1.25 mg/100 g).
 Conclusion: The results revealed the presence of nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, crude fats, crude fibre, moisture, and ash in small amounts. And elements analysis shows that sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc are in appreciable amount. These constituents are therefore responsible for the biochemical values of Terminalia catappa fruits.

Different measures of holistic face processing tap into distinct but partially overlapping mechanisms.

Holistic processing, which includes the integration of facial features and analysis of their relations to one another, is a hallmark of what makes faces 'special'. Various experimental paradigms purport to measure holistic processing but these have often produced inconsistent results. This has led researchers to question the nature and structure of the mechanism(s) underlying holistic processing. Using an individual differences approach, researchers have examined relations between various measures of holistic processing in an attempt to resolve these questions. In keeping with this, we examined relationships between four commonly used measures of holistic face processing in a large group of participants (N = 223): (1) The Face Inversion Effect, (2) the Part Whole Effect (PWE), (3) the Composite Face Effect, and (4) the Configural Featural Detection Task (CFDT). Several novel methodological and analytical elements were introduced, including the use of factor analysis and the inclusion of control conditions to confirm the face specificity of all of the effects measured. The four indexes of holistic processing derived from each measure loaded onto two factors, one encompassing the PWE and the CFDT, and one encompassing the CE. The 16 conditions tested across the four tasks loaded onto four factors, each factor corresponding to a different measure. These results, together with those of other studies, suggest that holistic processing is a multifaceted construct and that different measures tap into distinct but partially overlapping elements of it.

Big Data Analytics in Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Focus on Manufacturing Supply Chains

Sustainable supply chain management has been an important research issue for the last two decades due to climate change. From a global perspective, the United Nations have introduced sustainable development goals, which point towards sustainability. Manufacturing supply chains are among those that produce harmful effluents into the environment in addition to social issues that impact societies and economies where they operate. New developments in information and communication technologies, especially big data analytics (BDA), can help create new insights that can detect parts and members of a supply chain whose activities are unsustainable and take corrective action. While many studies have addressed sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), studies on the effect of BDA on SSCM in the context of manufacturing supply chains are limited. This conceptual paper applies Toulmin’s argumentation model to review relevant literature and draw conclusions. The study identifies the elements of big data analytics as data processing, analytics, reporting, integration, security and economic. The aspects of sustainable SCM are transparency, sustainability culture, corporate goals and risk management. It is established that BDA enhances SSCM of manufacturing supply chains. Cyberattacks and information technology skills gap are some of the challenges impeding BDA implementation. The paper makes a conceptual and methodological contribution to supply chain management literature by linking big data analytics and SSCM in manufacturing supply chains by using the rarely used Toulmin’s argumentation model in management studies.

A Heuristic Review at the Results of the PISA Tests (2000-2018): The Reading Skills of 15-year-olds in Mexico

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the analysis and reflection on the practical effects of generic reading skills acquired by fifteen-year-old students in Mexico. The reading results of the PISA 2000/2009/2018 tests are analyzed from a hermeneutical point of view, with the intention of identifying the level of complexity of the operations that students are more likely to perform. As an example, the responses obtained in two units that were made available to the public after the 2009 cycle are reviewed. The referred results express the reading skills acquired to locate and use the information contained in a text, as well as to interpret, reflect on, and criticize its content. Technical, methodological, and analytical elements are provided for the review of reading comprehension processes in classrooms.

Hydrogeological Uncertainty Estimation With the Analytic Element Method

AbstractUncertainty estimation plays an important part in practical hydrogeology. With most of the subsurface unobservable, attempts at system characterization will invariably be incomplete. Uncertainty estimation, then, must quantify the influence of unknown parameters, forcings, and structural deficiencies. In this endeavor, numerical modeling frameworks can resolve a high degree of subsurface complexity and its associated uncertainty. Where boundary uncertainty is concerned, however, numerical frameworks can be restrictive. The interdependence of grid discretization and its enclosing boundaries render exploration of uncertainties in their extent or nature challenging. The analytic element method (AEM) may be an interesting complement, as it is computationally efficient, economic with its parameter count, and does not require enclosure through finite boundaries. These properties make AEM well suited for uncertainty estimation, particularly in data‐scarce settings or exploratory studies. In this study, we explore the use of AEM for flow field uncertainty estimation, with a particular focus on boundary uncertainty. To induce diverse, uncertain regional flow more easily, we propose a new element based on a Möbius transformation. We include this element in a simple Python‐based AEM toolbox and benchmark it against MODFLOW. Coupling AEM with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo routine using adaptive proposals, we explore its use in a synthetic case study. We find that AEM permits efficient uncertainty estimation for groundwater flow fields, which may form a basis for stochastic Lagrangian transport modeling or can support advanced model design by informing the placement of numerical model boundaries.

Real-time 3D, 2D trans esophageal echocardiography for the evaluation of rheumatic mitral stenosis initial single center experience

Abstract : Mitral stenosis (MS) is one form of heart disease of a valvular nature. Narrowing of the mitral valve orifice occurs in the Mitral stenosis. The most common cause of MS is rheumatism fever. Other uncommon causes of MS are calcification of the mitral valve leaflets, congenital heart disease, infective endocarditis, mitral annular calcification, endomyocardial fibroelastosis. The study aims to determine the consistency and viability of using 3dimensional transthoracic echocardiography 3DTEE planimetry (MVA 3D) for mitral valve area (MVA) dimensions in patients that have rheumatic mitral stenosis (RhMS). : A cross-sectional study with analytic elements. The data collection was carried out in the Shahid Al- Mihrab outpatient department. Forty-one patient patients underwent Transesophageal echo (TEE) to eliminate atrial thrombi in the left side, referring to our outpatient department for echocardiographic examination and evaluation of RhMS and suitability for percutaneous mitral valvoplasty (PTMV). The investigator and administrator arranged a self-restricted survey form to collect data from the members by straight meeting with participants. Forty-one patients had MS due to rheumatic heart disease (RhHD), where all (100%) assess MVA measurement by 3DTEE. It was significantly low if compare with mitral valve area by transthorasic echo planimetry (MVA TTE planimetry), mitral valve area by transthorasic echo (MVATTEPHT). However, mitral valve area by continuity equation by transthoracic echo (MVAconTTE) measurement was feasible in 5 patients only (12%), were no significant correlation between them. Mitral valve area by transesophageal echo,3dimension (MVA3DTEE) the best agreement with MVA2DTTE PLANEIMETRY was demonstrated (95 percent agreement limits and then with MVAPHTTTE (95 percent agreement limits. The mean ± SD of MVA3D TEE was 1.06 ± 0.79 cm2 in patients with minimal fusion, the mean ± SD of MVA3DTEE was 0.79±0.21 cm2, in patients with partial fusion, and the mean ± SD of MVA3D TEE was 0.69 ± 0.15 cm2 with complete fusion. There was a significant difference in the mean MVA3D TEE among the different degrees of fusions by 3D TEE (p=0.02). Three-dimensional (3D) TEE echocardiography has demonstrated accuracy for measuring MV area for both calcific also improved the “description” of valve anatomy, and provided an advantage for less experienced operators as a method for MV area measurements.

Knowledge and Attitude of Family Doctors Regarding the Provision of Psychological Health Care in Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad Al-Karkh

Background: Mental health is integrated into PHC as a strategy of WHO to fill the gap in mental health treatment. Part of this strategy needs a level of task shifting so that mental health care is provided by different level of PHC workers and not only specialists such as psychiatrists and psychologists.
 Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of family doctors regarding the provision of psychological health in PHCC and if there is an association between the certificates of these family doctors and their Knowledge and attitudes to psychological health.
 Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with analytic elements was conducted in 8 family health care centers in Baghdad city/Al-Karkh. Data was collected via questionnaire form which consists of three domains: Domain one includes sociodemographic data, domain two was about knowledge and consists of (7) questions and domain three consisted of (12) questions about the attitude of physicians regarding mental health. A convenient sample of (83) family health care physicians were included in the current study.
 Results: The mean age of participants was 42 years (range: 27 – 53). The results revealed that 22.9% of participants were male, 77.1% were female. The percentage of mental illness seen by the physicians daily in the health care center was (15.7%). Physicians with higher degree certificates obtained higher knowledge scores in comparison to residents or practitioners as well as the females reported a significantly higher score of knowledge in comparison to males. Moreover, higher scores of positive attitudes were found.
 Conclusion: Family Physicians with higher certificates have more knowledge and attitude than other certificates.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of Gd in gadolinia-doped ceria using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

We report laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis of gadolinium (Gd) in gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC), the functional material used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). LIBS using laser ablation to atomize solid samples is competent in sampling the refractory ceria. Also, a few to 10 mol.% of Gd is doped in GDC to be used for SOFCs. Such a high concentration requires additional dilution after acid digestion of the sample for conventional analyses. LIBS with typical dynamic range from ppm to percent can analyze the high concentrations of Gd directly. GDCs with 1–10 mol.% of Gd were synthesized by glycine-nitrate process and the LIBS spectra were recorded. In spite of these advantages of LIBS, calibrating LIBS spectra to the concentrations of Gd is quite challenging due to rich emissions of Ce. Six prominent Gd I lines were selected for univariate calibrations and the whole spectra were used for multivariate partial least squares-regression (PLS-R) modeling. The PLS-R model considering emission intensities of both matrix and analyte elements outperformed the univariate calibrations. Our results suggest that LIBS in combination with multivariate analysis can be useful as an analysis method for the refractory lanthanide oxide materials.

SFRmaker and Linesink-Maker: Rapid Construction of Streamflow Routing Networks from Hydrography Data.

Groundwater models have evolved to encompass more aspects of the water cycle, but the incorporation of realistic boundary conditions representing surface water remains time‐consuming and error‐prone. We present two Python packages that robustly automate this process using readily available hydrography data as the primary input. SFRmaker creates input for the MODFLOW SFR package, while Linesink‐maker creates linesink string input for the GFLOW analytic element program. These programs can reduce weeks or even months of manual effort to a few minutes of execution time, and carry the added advantages of reduced potential for error, improved reproducibility and facilitation of step‐wise modeling through reduced dependency on a particular conceptual model or discretization. Two real‐world examples at the county to multi‐state scales are presented.

A searchable/filterable database of elemental, doubly charged, and polyatomic ions that can cause spectral overlaps in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Spectral overlaps due to elemental, doubly charged, and polyatomic ions can degrade ICP-MS detection limits and measurement accuracy if they exist at the same nominal m/z as the analyte ion being measured. Here we describe a database containing over 2000 ions we have experimentally identified and/or that have been experimentally identified or proposed to exist in the literature (with citations). The database is searchable/filterable by m/z, analyte element, element contained in the potential spectral overlap ion, and ion type (elemental, doubly charged elemental, oxide, hydroxide, hydride, dioxide, trioxide, doubly charged polyatomic, etc.). Included are more than 50 ions that to our knowledge have not been identified previously in the literature.

Multicriterion decision making in groundwater planning

Abstract The groundwater planning problems are often multiobjective. Due to conflicting objectives and non-linearity of the variables involved, several feasible solutions may have to be evolved rather than single optimal solution. In this study, the simulation model built on an Analytic Element Method (AEM) and the optimization model built on a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) were coupled and applied to study a part of the Dore river catchment, France. The maximization of discharge, the minimization of pumping cost and the minimization of piping cost are the three objectives considered. 2105 non-dominated groundwater planning strategies were generated. K-Means cluster analysis was employed to classify the strategies, and clustering was performed for 3 to 25 clusters. A cluster validation technique, namely Davies–Bouldin (DB) index, was employed to find the optimal number of clusters of groundwater strategies which were found to be 20. Multicriterion Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, namely VIKOR and TOPSIS, were developed to rank the 20 representative strategies. Both these decision-making techniques preferred representative strategy A5 (piping cost, pumping cost and discharge respectively of 880,000 Euro, 679,000 Euro and 1,263.1 m3/s). The sensitivity analysis of parameter v in VIKOR suggested that there were changes in ranking pattern for various values of v. However, the first position remained unchanged.

Phase-shift determination for a 4 × 4 intelligent photonic neural network with compatible learning.

Intelligent photonic circuits (IPCs) tuned with an appropriate phase-shift vector could enable a photonic intelligent matrix possibly implemented in multiple neural layers for a task-oriented topologies. A photonic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is a fundamental photonic component in IPCs, whose matrix representation could be broadcasted into an arbitrary matrix that is equipped with an optimized phase-shift vector. The initialized MZIs' phases are tentatively probed between analytical elements and a digital weight matrix that is learned from samples with efficient compatible learning for complex-valued neural networks. Nonlinear least squares is utilized to formulate a phase determination system to refine the optimal phase-shift solutions. The robustness of phase determination system for photonic neural networks is discussed in detail. For a preliminary implementation, a basic 4×4 intelligent photonic neural network is utilized to verify the proof of concept on phase-shift determination in IPC through numerical experiments.

Normalization of underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using acoustic signals measured by a hydrophone.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signals in water always suffer strong pulse-to-pulse fluctuations that result in poor stability of the spectrum. In this work, a spectrum normalization method based on acoustic signals measured by a hydrophone immersed in water was developed and compared with laser energy normalization. The characteristics of the acoustic signals were studied first, and the correlations between the acoustic signals and LIBS spectra were analyzed. It showed that the spectral line intensity has a better linear relationship with the acoustic energy than with the laser energy. Consequently, the acoustic normalization exhibited better performance on the reduction of LIBS spectral fluctuation versus laser energy normalization. Calibration curves of Mn, Sr, and Li were then built to assess the analytical performance of the proposed acoustic normalization method. Compared with the original spectral data, the average RSD_C values of all analyte elements were significantly reduced from 5.00% to 3.18%, and the average RSD_P values were reduced from 5.09% to 3.28%, by using the acoustic normalization method. These results suggest that the stability of underwater LIBS can be clearly improved by using acoustic signals for normalization, and acoustic normalization works more efficiently than laser energy normalization. This work provides a simple and cost-effective external acoustic normalization method for underwater LIBS applications.

About Some Didactic Methods of Performance Independent Tasks under Conditions Forced Distance Learning

The article discusses the possibility of including in the format of performing independent tasks as in the development of educational programs of higher education in the system distance learning, and during the period of coronavirus infection COVID-19, forced self-isolation and limited quarantine, elements of creative analytics from the arsenal of tools of the didactic approach of the so-called activity-based comparative studies. As an example of the student's work, we chose the implementation of an independent task in the academic discipline "Economic analysis" from the section "Analysis of the implementation of the production program" in a specific production case study “Structural assortment analysis of labor intensity” of one of the economic entities representing the real sector of the national economy of the country. The article provides the author's recommendations for enhancing the creative potential of a student, for stimulating interactive work in the classroom with a teacher in the implementation of the distance learning system, with the proper execution of a workbook of observations and with the controlled formation of professional competencies of the main educational program.

Accounting for the plasma background radiation influence and calibration curve export in atomic emission spectrometry with CCD-based registration system when determining metal and alloy impurities

This paper is dedicated to development and application of an algorithm allowing determining an accurate actual value of the plasma background radiation under the analytic element line using standard data obtained from emission spectrometer registration system. A unique technique has been developed that allows calibrating spectrometers in the range of small concentration of impurities with two standard samples, which is very relevant for analysis of metals and alloys, powdered samples, ultrapure materials. The paper demonstrates efficiency of this technique when applied to series-produced emission spectrometers manufactured in Russia.