Analytical Comparison Research Articles

Analytical and Numerical Comparison of the Two-Dimensional One-and Two-Phase Energy Storage Phenomenon in Phase Change Materials

Abstract This work investigated the thermal behavior of phase change material during the melting process in a two-dimensional (2D) plate intended for thermal energy storage. The analytical and numerical analyses were conducted for both one phase and two-phase systems. The numerical analysis was conducted using the Mathematica program, while the COMSOL Multiphysics program, which employs the finite element approach, was employed. To validate the numerical analysis answers, the Stefan-Neumann equations were solved analytically using the EES (Engineering Equation Solver) program. The present study investigated the temporal variation of heat transfer flow during the melting process of paraffin material under a constant wall temperature. A 98.9% agreement is seen between the regression analysis findings of the one-phase numerical and analytical solutions for the melting distance of paraffin from the wall in different time periods (0.8–16 h). This study examined the numerical and analytical solutions for one- and two-phase systems and found that the thermal energy storage values converged to 99.2% for two phase systems and 99.6% for one phase systems.

An Automated Tool for Glycosimilarity Assessment of mAb Therapeutic Biosimilars: Trastuzumab and Bevacizumab as Case Studies.

With the expiration of patents for multiple biotherapeutics, biosimilars are gaining traction globally as cost-effective alternatives to the original products. Glycosylation, a critical quality attribute, makes glycosimilarity assessment pivotal for biosimilar development. Given the complexity of glycoanalytical profiles, assessing glycosimilarity is nontrivial. This study proposes a Python-based automated tool for rapid estimation of glycosimilarity index (GI). A comprehensive analytical glycosimilarity comparison of the trastuzumab originator product, Herclon (Roche), with five marketed biosimilars:Trasturel (Reliance Life Sciences), Canmab (Biocon), Vivitra (Zydus Ingenia), Hertraz (Mylan), and Biceltis (Cipla),has been performed. Similarly, a comparison between the bevacizumab originator product, Avastin (Roche), and its five biosimilars:Abevmy (Mylan), Krabeva (Biocon), Ivzumab (RPG LifeSciences), Bryxta (Zydus), and Advamab (Alkem Labs),is presented. Glycan profile has been assessed using liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection, and the data havebeenintegrated using the XGBoost-machine learning algorithmto quantify glycan composition. The GI has been calculated by combining profile similarity and compositional similarity, estimated on the basis of the criticality and tolerance of each glycan. The tool enabled rapid GI estimation (< 1 min/sample) with reduced errors compared with Excel (> 10 min/sample). Biosimilars exhibited high GI with several exceeding 95%, while the lowest GI observed were 87.80% for trastuzumab and 92.39% for bevacizumab. The Python-based tool offers a high-throughput and a reliable platform for glycosimilarity assessment, outperforming traditional analysis. Minor variations in glycosylation patterns were observed among the biosimilars, suggesting a modest glycosimilarity variation (GI range between 80 and 100%). However, the limited number of innovator batches analyzed constrained the establishment of definitive tolerance limits. Future studies should focus on analyzing larger datasets to improve accuracy and define precise tolerance limits, enhancing the tool's reliability and its potential to accelerate biosimilar development.

„Iliada” Homera widziana oczyma ilustratorów – Johna Flaxmana i Stanisława Wyspiańskiego

This paper is a contribution to studies into the reception of ancient literary works, focusing on the reception of one of the greatest masterpieces of antique literature, The Iliad. Homer’s epic has repeatedly inspired both other ancient authors and artists of later periods. This was also the case with two exceedingly versatile artists, John Flaxman and Stanisław Wyspiański. Rather than go into analytical comparisons of the scenes they recreated, this study attempts to highlight the professional approach of both artists to their commissions, outline their respective techniques and the manner in which they envisioned the stories they would subsequently depict.

Derivation of Meson Masses in SU(3) and SU(4) Extended Linear Sigma Model at Finite Temperature

The present study focused on the mesonic potential contributions to the Lagrangian of the extended linear sigma model (eLSM) for scalar and pseudoscalar meson fields across various quark flavors. The present study focused on the low-energy phenomenology associated with quantum chromodynamics (QCD), where mesons and their interactions serve as the pertinent degrees of freedom, rather than the fundamental constituents of quarks and gluons. Given that SU(4) configurations are completely based on SU(3) configurations, the possible relationships between meson states in SU(3) and those in SU(4) were explored at finite temperature. Meson states, which are defined by distinct chiral properties, were grouped according to their orbital angular momentum J, parity P, and charge conjugation C. Consequently, this organization yielded scalar mesons with quantum numbers JPC=0++, pseudoscalar mesons with JPC=0−+, vector mesons with JPC=1−−, and axial vector mesons with JPC=1++. We accomplished the derivation of analytical expressions for a total of seventeen noncharmed meson states and twenty-nine charmed meson states so that an analytical comparison of the noncharmed and charmed meson states at different temperatures became feasible and the SU(3) and SU(4) configurations could be analytically estimated.

Pomegranate Juices: Analytical and Bio-Toxicological Comparison of Pasteurization and High-Pressure Processing in the Development of Healthy Products.

Two different produced and packaged commercial typologies of pomegranate juice were analyzed for their physicochemical, nutritional, and biological properties. The effects of classical pasteurization (PJ) and high-pressure processing (HP), applied during the productive cycle, were evaluated through several advanced analytical methods, such as CIEL*a*b* colorimetry, HPLC-DAD, DI-ESI-MS and MS/MS, and NMR analyses. Moreover, the exerted biological activity of the two pomegranate juices was monitored through Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents, antiradical, antioxidant and chelating activity. The potential inhibition of key enzymes of degenerative processes (cholinesterases, tyrosinase) and diabetes (amylase, glucosidase), the allelopathy toward Cichorium intybus, Dicondra repens, and Diplotaxis tenuifolia, and the in vivo toxicity on brine shrimp were also evaluated. The two different applied processing techniques analyzed impacted the bioactive compound's preservation differently, modifying the phytocomplex profile. HP significantly degrades punicalins and punicalagins, better preserving anthocyanins, if compared to PJ's impact. Sensory qualities, antioxidant activity, enzymatic inhibition, and ecotoxicological potential were differently impacted by the two applied processes. The obtained results can be beneficial for finding the optimal processing conditions that balance microbial safety with nutritional value preservation, contributing to the development of healthy pomegranate juice products.

Leveraging supported liquid extraction and automated workflow for high efficiency and high quality clinical LC-MS/MS method for quantification of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA).

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) are neurotransmitter metabolites used for the diagnosis and monitoring of neuroendocrine tumors. This study's objective was to apply automation to improve efficiency and quality of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedure for quantification of 5-HIAA, VMA and HVA in human urine. 5-HIAA, VMA and HVA in urine samples were extracted with automated supported liquid extraction (SLE) and quantified by LC-MS/MS utilizing scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). An in-house developed middleware was used to automate data analysis and reporting. The average recovery for 5-HIAA, VMA and HVA in different types of urine matrix varied between 92.5% and 99.0%, while the average matrix factor varied between 98.6% and 103.4%. The results of other validation studies: stability, sensitivity, analytical measurement range, selectivity, accuracy, precision, dilution verification, carryover, and method comparison all met the performance criteria. Automated SLE is a suitable sample preparation technique for quantification of 5-HIAA, VMA and HVA in human urine. Workflow automation described in this study resulted in 54% of overall time savings and 80% of hands-on time savings compared to all manual approach.

Presenting a model to reduce students' academic drop by using analytical comparison of machine learning algorithms in data mining (case study of Shahed University)

Presenting a model to reduce students' academic drop by using analytical comparison of machine learning algorithms in data mining (case study of Shahed University)

Green analytical comparison and central composite design optimization for simultaneous estimation of pain management drugs using RP-liquid chromatography

The Central Composite Design method was utilized to validate a precise RP-HPLC method for concurrently determining the quantities of Paracetamol (PC), Diclofenac Sodium (DS), and Eperisone Hydrochloride (EH) in tablet compositions. By employing Design of Experiment (DOE), the experimental parameters were fine-tuned, resulting in an optimized eluent consisting of methanol: water (90:10) with 0.1 % orthophosphoic acid at a eluent velocity of 1 mL/min. The method exhibited exceptional purities: PC (100.83 % ± 0.85), DS (102.01 % ± 0.90), and EH (100.49 % ± 1.29). Regression equations were formulated for PC, DS, and EH as follows: y = 479762x + 151907, y = 2182788x + 2409442, and y = 777144x − 1146334, respectively. The analytical method underwent comprehensive validation, including tests for: Accuracy, Precision, Linearity and Robustness. To assess the method’s environmental impact, several Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) tools were employed. These tools provided a multifaceted evaluation of the method’s sustainability and eco-friendliness.

The numerical calculations for the creeping flow of MHD Pseudoplastic nanofluid in a mixed uniform and non-uniform channel: physiological applications

Adaptive calculations for the creeping flow of MHD Pseudoplastic nanofluid proposed in a mixed uniform and non-uniform channel. The fluid viscosity is hypothetical to change with the temperature and concentration, and then all non-dimensional parameters that be contingent on fluid viscosity are deliberated as a variable. The systemised physical model of fluid considered by a nonlinear system of partial differential equations is a first view in modelling problems. The non-dimensional quantities are used to rearrange the system of the fluid model. The semi-analytical algorithm titled a multi-stage differential transform extracts the analytical results for a physical model. Multi-stage DTM are a good analytical method for solving highly nonlinear systems of differential equations. The adaptive calculations for the pressure rise and pressure gradient profiles are obtained. In addition, the sketches of the trapped bolus are extracted. Analytical comparisons are made with trust in existing published results and found to be good. The results show that the fluid pressure gradient grows with increasing values of Darcy number at the positive part of the channel (Upper part of the channel) and have a dual role phenomenon at the negative part of the channel (Lower Part of the channel).

Performance Analysis and Design Principles of Wireless Mutual Broadcast Using Heterogeneous Transmit Power for Proximity-Aware Services.

As proximity-aware services among devices such as sensors, IoT devices, and user equipment are expected to facilitate a wide range of new applications in the beyond 5G and 6G era, managing heterogeneous environments with diverse node capabilities becomes essential. This paper analytically models and characterizes the performance of heterogeneous random access-based wireless mutual broadcast (RA-WMB) with distinct transmit (Tx) power levels, leveraging a marked Poisson point process to account for nodes' various Tx power. In particular, this study enables the performance of RA-WMB with heterogeneous Tx power to be represented in terms of the performance of RA-WMB with a common Tx power by deriving an equivalent Tx power based on the probability distribution of heterogeneous Tx power and the path loss exponent. This approach allows for an analytical and quantitative comparison of heterogeneous RA-WMB performance with the common Tx power configuration. Further, the study derives performance ratios among node groups with distinct Tx power levels and formulates an optimization problem to design a heterogeneous Tx power configuration that balances individual node group performance improvements with overall network performance, yielding the optimal Tx power configuration. A closed-form suboptimal transmission probability (TxPr) is also proposed to improve heterogeneous RA-WMB performance, providing an efficient alternative to iterative methods for the optimal TxPr. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy of performance analysis and highlight the effectiveness of the proposed designs.

Analytical and clinical comparison between two different analytical methods for the measurement of circulating insulin in patients with metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease

Analytical and clinical comparison between two different analytical methods for the measurement of circulating insulin in patients with metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease

Analysis between Prims and Kruskal’s Algorithm

The project is an analytical comparison between two algorithms that is Prim’s algorithm and Kruskal’s algorithm in MST (minimum spanning tree). Both the algorithms aim to connect all the vertices based on their weight but differ in implementation and approach. Prim’s algorithm is Greedy algorithm which makes the minimum spanning tree according to their incremental weight It starts with one vertex and expands its MST, it always selects smallest edge in MST. Kruskal’s algorithm is also greedy algorithm but its approaches differently. It starts with all the vertices and no edge and it adds edge with one by one according their increasing order of the weight.

Pesticide pollution: toxicity, sources and advanced remediation approaches.

The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that food production must rise by 70% to meet the demands of an additional 2.3 billion people by 2050. This forecast underscores the persistent reliance on pesticides, making it essential to assess their toxicity and develop effective remediation strategies. Given the widespread utilisation of pesticides, it requires an urgent need to evaluate their toxicity and explore feasible remediation approaches for their removal. Hence, this review provides an overview of the latest information on the presence, distribution, sources, fate, and trends of pesticides in global environmental matrices, emphasizing the ecological and health risks posed by pesticide pollution. Currently, the dominant remediation techniques encompass physical, chemical, and biological methods, yet studies focusing on advanced remediation techniques remain limited. This review critically evaluates both newer and traditional approaches to pesticide removal, offering a descriptive and analytical comparison of various methods. The selection of the appropriate treatment method depends largely on the nature of the pesticide and the effectiveness of the chosen technique. In many cases, technologies such as membrane bioreactors and the fenton process could be integrated with biological technologies to enhance performance and overcome limitations. The study concludes that a hybrid approach combining various remediation strategies offers the most effective and sustainable solution for pesticide removal. Finally, the review underscores the need for further scientific investigation into the most viable technologies while discussing the challenges and prospects of developing safe, reliable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly methods for removing pesticides from the environment.

Slow global motions in biosolids studied by the deuteron stimulated echo NMR experiment.

Recent 15N R1ρ-relaxation studies have shown that proteins in the solid state undergo slow, low amplitude global motion in the sub-millisecond time range. This range is at the edge of the time window for R1ρ experiments and, therefore, the motional parameters obtained by this method are not precise or reliable. In this paper, we present a 2H stimulated echo study of this type of molecular dynamics. The 2H stimulated echo experiments on a static sample allow for direct measurement of the correlation function in the time range of 10-6-10-1s, making them well suited to study this type of molecular mobility. We have conducted a detailed analytical and numerical comparison of the correlation functions obtained from the relaxation and stimulated echo experiments, which are generally different. We have identified conditions and algorithms that enable a direct comparison of the relaxation and stimulated echo experimental results. Using the protein GB1 in the form of a lyophilized powder, we have demonstrated that 15N R1ρ-relaxation and 2H stimulated echo experiments yield essentially the same slow-motion correlation function. Surprisingly, this type of motion is observed not only in the protein sample but also in the tripeptide and single amino acid solid samples. The comparison of data measured in these three samples at different temperatures led us to conclude that this slow motion is, in fact, ultrasonic phonons, which seem to be inherent to all rigid biological solids.

Analytical Characteristics and Clinical Performance of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Immunoassay on the ADVIA Centaur® System: A Comparison with Other Chemiluminescent Methods

Background: Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and antral follicle count are key in evaluating ovarian reserve (OR) for fertility. The performance of the Siemens Healthineers AMH assay was assessed on the ADVIA Centaur® System. Methods: Analytical characteristics, clinical performance, and method comparison studies were performed in a prospective cohort of 532 women at fertility clinics. Serum AMH levels were determined using ADVIA Centaur, Beckman Access®, and Roche Elecsys® assays. Results: The limit of quantitation for the ADVIA Centaur AMH assay was 0.030 ng/mL. Repeatability was ≤2.9% CV, within-lab repeatability was ≤3.2% CV, and reproducibility was ≤4.4% CV. Results using serum or lithium heparin sample types were equivalent. Diagnostic sensitivity across assays ranged from 77.3% to 90.2% and specificity ranged from 51.0 to 71.0%; corresponding positive and negative predictive values ranged from 66.6% to 74.3% and 74.2% to 83.0%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated that the assays have a high probability for discriminating between diminished–normal and high OR. ADVIA and Beckman assays agreed according to ADVIA = 1.00 × Beckman + 0.014 ng/mL, τ = 0.909, while a more modest correlation of ADVIA = 1.41 × Roche − 0.024 ng/mL, τ = 0.777 was observed with Roche assay. Conclusions: The ADVIA Centaur assay demonstrates acceptable analytical characteristics and clinical performance comparable to the Roche AMH assay and is essentially interchangeable with the Beckman AMH assay for reliable OR assessment.

Analytical Modeling and Comparison of EMI pre-filter Noise Emissions of Three-Phase Voltage and Current DC-Link Converters

Analytical Modeling and Comparison of EMI pre-filter Noise Emissions of Three-Phase Voltage and Current DC-Link Converters

Shear Strength of RC Beams without and with Stirrups: Analytical Expressions and Comparison with Experimental Data

Shear Strength of RC Beams without and with Stirrups: Analytical Expressions and Comparison with Experimental Data

Ивент-анализ: применение в социальном прогнозировании

Monitoring the interrelationships between social events and phenomena and forecasting the dynamics of their changes are necessary in the conditions of instability of the modern world. There are many separate methods of analysis for social forecasting, however, for this research, the method of event analysis has been chosen, which is insufficiently considered in the scientific literature within the framework of this task, but has high potential. The purpose of the article is to adapt the event analysis methodology for its use as a social forecasting tool. The main data for the study was collected from the Russian information and news resource in the period 2020-2023. Based on the classical methodology of event analysis, the classifiers presented in this paper in the form of social spheres are defined in the research. As part of the analytical comparison stage, a graph analysis was carried out (graphs of relationships between categories were constructed, central nodes-categories were identified); time series analysis was performed (segmentation of time series by the PELT algorithm, clustering of time series by the k-means algorithm); key terms for press events were defined. The final product is an analytical dashboard with filters, statistics and interactive graphs. The analytical dashboard makes it possible to compare data in a static and dynamic state, to draw conclusions about the past and future states of objects of social forecasting. The main result of the research is the event analysis methodology developed by the author, which can be used for a comprehensive analysis of news streams, adapted to the necessary categories representing a certain entity or sphere, and applied in various social organizations or monitoring services.

FOOD RESILIENCE IN UKRAINE DURING MARTIAL LAW

The assessment of a country's food security level is a crucial task due to the need to ensure a stable supply of food during periods of economic and social upheaval, particularly during military conflicts or other emergencies. For Ukraine, amid ongoing hostilities, issues of food security and mitigating the negative effects of disruptions in agricultural production are of particular importance. As of today, there is no universally accepted scientific approach to assessing the level of food resilience that takes into account the specifics of each region and the country as a whole, allowing for analytical comparisons and providing scientifically grounded data for the formation of effective policies in this area. The aim of this study is to justify methodological recommendations for determining the level of food resilience using Ukraine as a case study. Accordingly, the proposed methodological recommendations include a set of indicators based on the selection of those that most comprehensively characterize the country’s food security in structural and cyclical aspects. It has been determined that the level of a country's food resilience is the degree of stability, adaptation, and recovery from external and internal shocks that affect the food system's ability to provide the population with sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. The results of the assessment of Ukraine's food resilience level using the Integrated Food Resilience Index in 2022 indicate an adequate level. The country has favourable conditions for food supply, although there are some issues in certain cyclical and structural aspects. The food system is developed despite the war, but there are opportunities for improvement.

Analytical comparison of the boil-off gas recondensation process’s energy consumption and carbon emissions

With 28 operational liquefied natural gas receiving terminals in China by 2023, totaling a receiving capacity of 1.2 × 108 t/a, managing carbon emissions and boil-off gas has attracted increased attention. This study presents the optimization of 8 boil-off gas (BOG) recondensation processes, considering energy consumption and carbon emissions as assessment criteria, along with two types of vaporizers. The method involves analyzing how process parameters affect system performance using Hydraulic System Simulation Software, followed by optimizing system parameters with a genetic algorithm. It explores the impact of compressor output pressure, after-cooler inlet material ratio, and pre-cooler inlet material ratio on system energy consumption and carbon emissions. Results show that increased recondensing, compression, and cooling measures slightly elevate energy consumption but significantly reduce carbon emissions. Moreover, a higher BOG content enhances the carbon reduction effect. This study represents the first optimization of BOG recondensation processes focusing on carbon emissions, offering fresh theoretical insights and significant potential for enhancing energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions.