Analytical Study Research Articles

Numerical and analytical studies of multi-cell steel-concrete-steel sandwich panels under blast load

The steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich panel possesses exceptional resistance and good integrity, making it successfully applied in protective engineering. Aiming at improving the blast resistance of the structure, a novel multi-cell steel-concrete-steel (MCSCS) sandwich panel was proposed as an alternative to the traditional SCS panel. In this paper, the finite element (FE) model of the MCSCS panel under blast load was first constructed, and the modeling method was verified to be reasonable against field blast tests. Then, an analytical model for predicting the blast response of the MCSCS panel was established based on the equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, and the strain rate effect was incorporated into the analytical model via employing the material models with strain rate dependence. Finally, three damage criteria for the MCSCS panel under blast load were proposed, and Pressure-Impulse (P-I) diagrams corresponding to different damage levels were constructed via the validated analytical model. Additionally, based on the established analytical model, the accuracy of simplifying the blast pressure history into the triangle form was verified. Numerical and analytical results indicate that the blast resistance of the MCSCS panel is significantly enhanced with the increase of the steel faceplate thickness, and the MCSCS panel exhibits superior blast resistance with the load acting on the top plate rather than bottom plate. In addition, owing to the arrangement of the L-shaped and side stiffeners, the MCSCS panel possesses preferable integrity, and its blast resistance is nearly unaffected by the spacing of headed stud.

Lóngyóu tones and tone sandhi

AbstractThis paper is a descriptive and analytic study of the tones and tone sandhi of the Southern Wu dialect of Lóngyóu (龙游), a city of c. 400,000 inhabitants located about 375 km southwest of Shanghai in Western Zhejiang Province, China. It is based on data collected in 2018 from two female native speakers. Our data is analyzed with Praat (Boersma and Weenick in Praat: doing phonetics by computer, 1992–2021) to document the F0 and duration correlates to the tonal categories and their sandhi changes. Evidence is presented for the representation of the tones in terms of Register and Contour (Bao in On the nature of tone, 1990; The structure of tone, Oxford University Press, 1999). One of the sandhis is analyzed as the conjunction of two Optimality Theoretic (Prince and Smolensky in Optimality theory, MIT Press, 1993, 2004) markedness constraints. A lexically-determined reflex of the Middle Chinese chiuhsheng metatony is also documented.

Trends in HIV prevalence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in Mozambique: implications for targeted interventions and public health strategies

BackgroundMen who have sex with Men (MSM) are known to contribute to increased HIV prevalence as an integral part of key populations with high vulnerability to HIV/AIDS due to their sexual behaviours. Mozambique conducted two rounds of bio-behavioral surveys (BBS) in this population with the main objective of estimating HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviors among MSM in Mozambique. The present study aims to estimate the trend of HIV prevalence and determine the correlations of HIV infection among MSM.MethodsA repeated cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from secondary data from the first and second rounds of BBS in Mozambique conducted in 2011 and 2020–2021 respectively. Each round used a similar methodology which allowed for comparison between the two surveys. Chi-square test and logistic regression was used to compare the HIV prevalence between the BBS rounds, identify factors associated with HIV, and assess changes in HIV prevalence across selected risk factors.ResultsThere was a significant increase in HIV prevalence among MSM (7.1–14.9%), living in Maputo (9.3–14.7%), uncircumcised (11.7–25.1%), and those who reported two sexual partners in the last year (5.2–14.4%). In contrast, there was a decrease in prevalence among adult MSM aged between 25 and 29 years (24.7–13.9%), aged 30 years or older (45.7–27.7%), married (29.1–16.8%), with higher education (16.7–5.9%) and moderate perception of HIV risk (10.9–3.4%). Multivariable analysis showed that factors such as age, marital status, religion, sexual identity, circumcision, and the use of lubrication during anal sex are significantly associated with the risk of HIV infection.ConclusionsThis study underscores the continuing need for HIV prevention and education efforts. The rise in prevalence among specific population segments and the sustained presence of risk factors emphasize the requirement for holistic strategies tailored to the unique requirements of each subgroup. Understanding trends and risk factors is crucial to guiding public health policies and designing efficacious prevention programs that aim to curtail HIV transmission while enhancing the well-being of those impacted by the condition.

Studying the accessibility of healthcare services for cancer patients in Khartoum state amid the COVID-19 pandemic

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess cancer patients' accessibility to healthcare services and perceived barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Khartoum state, aiming to explore the consequent impact on cancer patients. It also aims to determine the coping strategies used by patients to overcome these barriers. Study designThis is a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study. MethodsData were collected from August 2020 to March 2021, with a sample size of 316 cancer patients. Systemic random sampling and SPSS version 25 were utilized for data collection and analysis. ResultsThe study found that 55.7 % of the surveyed cancer patients had experienced disruptions in accessing essential cancer healthcare services during the lockdown. The study identified the most common cancers as breast (19.7 %), gastrointestinal (19 %), and ovarian (11 %). Notable barriers included governmental travel restrictions (51.6 %), outpatient service closures (41.8 %), and high costs (27.8 %). Additionally, delayed treatment was directly associated with a 33.3 % fatality rate among the participants. ConclusionsThis study highlights the considerable negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on cancer care in Sudan. Recommendations include a focus on telemedicine as an alternative form of patient consultation, the expansion of health insurance schemes to encompass cancer treatments, and strengthening healthcare infrastructure to facilitate cancer care during crises.

Study about frequency, distribution and determinants of internet addiction in medical students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract: Background: Due to ease of access and affordability, globally 4.95 billion people are using the internet for multiple purposes. However, this use has resulted in the emergence of some novel problems. Objective: Our objectives were to find the frequency and distribution of internet addiction by gender and type (public/private sector medical students) in medical student of KPK. Methodology: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. A sample size of 365 was calculated using the Raosoft SPSS calculator. The sampling procedure was conducted through the non-probability consecutive technique. The data collection was carried out by using Young IAT scoring criteria. Demographic variables were sex and the type of medical student of KPK. The Chi-square test was used to find an association between variables. Result: Out of total 365 participants, 205(56%) were male and 160(43.8%) were female. According to the Young’s IAT form, 172(47.1%) were normal users 173(47.4%)were problematic and 20 (5.8%) were internet addicts. There was no statistically significant association between internet addiction with sex and the type of students with a p-value of 0.589 and 0.654. Conclusion: In our study, there was no significant association between internet addiction with gender and the type of medical student.

Relationship Between Stress Level and Academic Grade in Medical Students of Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Medical students have higher psychological pressure compared to students from other majors. Excessive levels of stress can cause physical and mental problems, lower self-esteem, and interfere with academic achievement. Stress has a significant correlation with academic grades. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between stress levels and academic scores Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design to analyze the relationship between perceived stress scale and academic scores. Perceived Stress Scale were used to determine stress level and spearman correlation were used to correlate stress level with GPA Results: No variable with a Spearman correlation coefficient above 0.2 was found, so it can be seen that none of the variables has a correlation with GPA. But income per capita has a significant p-value. Discussion: The stress level score with the GPA score has a Spearman correlation of -0.089. The correlation shows an insignificant relationship. This shows that the level of stress shown through the Perceived Stress Scale does not have a significant effect on the academic scores of Airlangga University medical students. Sohail's research (2013) found similar results where most students with stress still passed the exam but there were a small number of students with severe stress who failed. This is different from the results of Kumar et al. (2014) who found that stress levels have a negative effect on academic performance. Conclusion: In this study, no correlation was found between stress levels and academic scores.

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Selected Coagulation Parameters in Apparently Healthy Male Smokers

Background: Smoking is a significant global health concern associated with increased mortality and morbidity, including cancer development. Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens that can disrupt cellular processes and immune function, potentially affecting coagulation parameters. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of smoking on selected coagulation parameters in apparently healthy male smokers compared to non-smokers. Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019. Seventy male participants aged 20 to 40 years were enrolled, comprising 35 healthy non-smokers (Group A) and 35 male smokers (Group B). Smokers (Group B) were further categorized into two groups based on pack-years of smoking (group B1 and group B2). Coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), bleeding time (BT), and clotting time (CT) were assessed. Results: In this study, age and BMI were almost similar between groups A (healthy non-smokers) and B (smokers), with mean (± SD) ages of 33.17 ± 2.91 and 34.11 ± 3.18 years, and mean (± SD) BMI values of 24.36 ± 2.28 and 24.68 ± 2.33 kg/m2, respectively. There was no statistically significant disparity between the two groups, indicating successful age and BMI matching. Smokers (group B) exhibited significantly lower mean (± SD) prothrombin time (PT) values (11.56 ± 0.87 seconds) compared to non-smokers (13.07 ± 0.77 seconds), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Similarly, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was significantly decreased in smokers (28.42 ± 2.00 seconds) compared to non-smokers (31.50 ± 1.00 seconds) (p < 0.001). Bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) were also significantly reduced in smokers (2.40 ± 0.24 minutes and 5.35 ± 0.29 minutes, respectively) compared to non-smokers (3.48 ± 0.36 minutes .....

Analytical Study of Polychrome Clay Sculptures in the Five-Dragon Taoist Palace of Wudang, China

During the Ming Dynasty, the Five-Dragon Palace functioned as a royal Taoist temple set atop one of China’s holiest Taoist mountains, Wudang Mountain. Two tower polychrome sculptures with exquisite craftsmanship have remained over the centuries. In this study, the painting materials and the techniques used to construct these sculptures were analyzed through multiple characterization methods, including optical microscope (OM) observations, micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM−EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (μ−FTIR), and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py−GC/MS). The results revealed that the pigments used in these sculptures included red pigments, which were composed of mercury (II) sulfide (cinnabar or vermillion), minium (Pb3O4), and hematite (Fe2O3); green pigments, which included atacamite and botallackite (Cu2Cl(OH)3), and blue pigments, which comprised smalt (CoO·nSiO2) and azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2). The white base layer was composed of quartz and mica minerals combined with gypsum or plant fiber, and the gold foil was adhered to the surface using heated tung oil. In addition, a special multi−layer technique was applied, with red under the golden gilding, white under the blue layer, and gray and black under the green layer. Drying oil was used as a binder for lead-containing pigments. This study offers substantial proof of reliable techniques to use in the continuing conservation of these sculptures, and it also serves as a foundation to determine if they can be dated to the late Ming or early Qing Dynasty (17th century).

Association between passive smoking and dental caries status in children: A cross-sectional analytical study.

Several risk factors contribute to the development of dental caries in children, including sociodemographic, dietary, oral hygiene-related and other miscellaneous factors. Maternal smoking was highly associated with dental caries when compared to smoking by fathers or other household members. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and their association with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among 5- to 10-year-old students attending private and government schools. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among schoolchildren. Data was collected from the primary caregivers using a pre-tested form to assess the ETS exposure under 5 domains based on history: antenatal exposure; exposure during the index period; exposure in the school neighborhood; exposure in restaurants/roadside stalls; and exposure in bus stops/railway stations. Dental caries was assessed based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines from 1997. The association was reported using prevalence ratios (PRs) (95% confidence interval (CI)). Data was obtained from 211 schoolchildren attending government (39.8%) and private schools (60.2%). The overall prevalence (95% CI) of dental caries was 49.3% (42.5-56.1%). Among all the risk factors evaluated in the study, exposure to ETS was associated with a significantly increased risk of dental caries. The adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) of ETS exposure varied with the mother's educational status and high sugar exposure, although this was statistically insignificant. The prevalence of dental caries among schoolchildren aged 5 to 10 years in the city was moderate and similar to the national average. Among the risk factors assessed in the study, antenatal exposure to ETS was found to significantly increase the prevalence of dental caries by 41% after adjusting for other factors. Therefore, it is important to educate parents on the causal role of ETS exposure in dental caries.

On the heart rhythm analysis using a nonlinear dynamics perspective: analytical study and electronic simulation

Biological systems are highly complex, so understanding them requires extensive analysis. Cardiac rhythms are one such analysis. These rhythms are linked to a complex dynamic system defined on the basis of the electrical activity of cardiac cells. This electrical activity is essential to human physiology, defining numerous behaviours that include normal or pathological rhythms, generally measured by the electrocardiogram (ECG). This article presents a mathematical model to describe the electrical activity of the heart, using a nonlinear dynamics perspective. The stability analysis of this model in its autonomous state, uni-directionally coupled, shows a very rich dynamical behaviour characterized by periodical regions of stability and unstability. The model studied makes it possible to construct synthetic ECGs. These ECGs demonstrate a variety of responses, including normal and pathological rhythms: ventricular flutter, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular extrasystole. A quantitative analysis of the model is also carried out using bifurcation diagrams and the corresponding maximum Lyapunov exponents. In addition, variations in sinus rhythm are described by a time-dependent frequency (a dynamic variable varying in a disordered manner or following a given law), representing transient disturbances. This type of situation can represent transitions between different pathological behaviours or between normal and pathological physiologies. In this respect, the perspective of nonlinear dynamics is used to describe cardiac rhythms, which makes it possible to represent normal or pathological behaviours. An electronic simulation performed with the OrCAD-Pspice software for a real implementation of the cardiac system is carried out. The results obtained are in agreement with those obtained numerically.

The role of organizational justice in achieving organizational excellence: Analytical study in a number of colleges of the university of Baghdad

The research aims to clarify the theoretical concepts of both organizational justice and organizational excellence. Also, to identify the importance of organizational justice in achieving organizational excellence and identify the task of organizational justice in achieving organizational excellence. The research has been applied at Baghdad University. (50) Questionnaire forms were distributed for the purposes of the researcher have adopted a descriptive analytical approach. The study concluded several points. The most important of which is that the administration of Baghdad University depends heavily on distributive justice and procedural and interactive justice in achieving organizational excellence in the university. It was found through research and study that there is a statistically significant correlation between distributive justice and procedural and interactive justice in institutional excellence. The most significant of which is the management of University of Baghdad depends heavily on distributive justice and proceeds and interactive justice in achieving organizational excellence in the university.

The impact of digital leadership on individual work performance: The interactive role of knowledge sharing behavior: An analytical exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of faculty members in some universities and private colleges in the Middle Euphrates region

هدف البحث الى اختبار ومعرفة الدور الذي تؤديه القيادة الرقمية في أداء العمل الفردي في إطار الدور التفاعلي لسلوك تشارك المعرفة، اذ تتمحور مشكلة البحث في اعتقاد العلماء أن الفيروس COVID-19 قد يكون معنا لعقود أو أكثر، وجمعت البيانات والمعلومات عن العينة المختارة من خلال الاستبانة والتي تعد أداة رئيسة في هذ البحث اذ شملت العينة أعضاء الهياة التدريسية في عدد من الجامعات والكليات الاهلية في منطقة الفرات الأوسط والبالغة عددهم (312) فرداً، ومن اجل دعم العلاقة بين هذه المتغيرات من الناحية النظرية اعتمدت الدراسة في قياس متغير القيادة الرقمية على مقياس يضم خمسة ابعاد (القيادة الرؤيوية، ثقافة التعلم في العصر الرقمي، التميز في الممارسة المهنية، التحسين النظمي، والمواطنة الرقمية)، اما متغير سلوك تشارك المعرفة فقد تم تبني مقياس يضمن من أربعة ابعاد (مساهمات مكتوبة، الاتصالات التنظيمية، التفاعلات الشخصية، ومجتمعات الممارسة)، في حين تبنت الدراسة لقياس أداء العمل الفردي مقياس يضم أربعة ابعاد (أداء المهمة، الأداء السياقي، الأداء التكيفي، وسلوك العمل العكسي)، وقد تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في عرض وتفسير المعلومات الخاصة بالبحث، ولغرض تحليل البيانات ومعالجتها احصائياً تم استخدام مجموعة من المقاييس الإحصائية الوصفية، ومعامل الارتباط بيرسون، ونمذجة المعادلة الهيكلية، والتحليل المعدل، وقد تم استخدام هذه الأساليب عن طريق البرنامج الاحصائي (Spss.25,Amos.25)، اما أبرز الاستنتاجات هو أن سلوك تشارك المعرفة في بعض الجامعات والكليات الاهلية عينة الدراسة ومن الناحية الميدانية من شأنه ان يعزز تأثير القيادة الرقمية في اداء العمل الفردي، وهذا يعني وجود سلوك تشارك المعرفة ميدانياً إلى جانب القيادة الرقمية من شانه أن يسهم في اداء العمل الفردي في هذه الجامعات الاهلية.

Migration of confined micro-swimmers subject to anisotropic diffusion

Shear-induced migration of elongated micro-swimmers exhibiting anisotropic Brownian diffusion at a population scale is investigated analytically in this work. We analyse the steady motion of confined ellipsoidal micro-swimmers subject to coupled diffusion in a general setting within a continuum homogenisation framework, as an extension of existing studies on macro-transport processes, by allowing for the direct coupling of convection and diffusion in local and global spaces. The analytical solutions are validated successfully by comparison with numerical results from Monte Carlo simulations. Subsequently, we demonstrate from the probability perspective that symmetric actuation does not yield net vertical polarisation in a horizontal flow, unless non-spherical shapes, external fields or direct coupling effects are harnessed to generate steady locomotion. Coupled diffusivities modify remarkably the drift velocity and vertical migration of motile micro-swimmers exposed to fluid shear. The interplay between stochastic swimming and preferential alignment could explain the diverse concentration and orientation distributions, including rheological formations of depletion layers, centreline focusing and surface accumulation. Results of the analytical study shed light on unravelling peculiar self-propulsion strategies and dispersion dynamics in active-matter systems, with implications for various transport problems arising from the fluctuating shape, size and other external or inter-particle interactions of swimmers in confined environments.

Health literacy and high blood pressure among Myanmar migrant workers in Northeastern Thailand.

Hypertension, related to serious consequences unless diagnosed and treated, is a global concern, also affecting migrant workers. Due to the high prevalence of hypertension among migrant workers in Thailand, the influences of health literacy and other factors on blood pressure were needed to explore among Myanmar migrant workers in Northeastern Thailand. Hence, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), its association with health literacy and other factors among Myanmar migrant workers in Northeastern Thailand. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Northeastern Thailand. A multistage sampling procedure was applied. Data was gathered through interviews utilizing validated and reliable structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with multiple logistic regression were used. Among 406 participants, about 60% were male and about 70% of them were married. The prevalence of overall HBP was 63.3% (95% CI: 58.49-67.86), 52% in females and 71.86% in males. Participants with limited health literacy were 79% more likely to have HBP than those with excellent and adequate health literacy (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.13-2.84). Other factors substantially linked with having HBP were being male gender (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 2.81-7.78), being overweight (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.18-4.23), being obese (AOR = 5.69, 95% CI: 2.96-10.96), not having health insurance (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.11-3.66), staying in Thailand for more than 48 months (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.48-3.9), and having family history of hypertension (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.28-3.35). In conclusion, more than half of Myanmar migrant workers had HBP. Factors associated with HBP were limited health literacy, male gender, overnutrition, lack of health insurance, longer duration of stay in Thailand and having family history of hypertension. Therefore, there is a need for a multifaceted strategy to prevent hypertension and its consequences by promoting health literacy as well as by enhancing good behavioural practice among this community.

Analytical study of land surface temperature for evaluation of UHI and UHS in the city of Chandigarh India

The Land Surface Temperature (LST) plays a crucial role in the ecological well-being of cities worldwide, intricately tied to the presence of vegetation. This investigation aims to assess the relationship between seasonal LST fluctuations and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), as well as the correlation between LST and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), utilizing Pearson's correlation coefficient technique with extensive Landsat-8 data spanning 2016 to 2020. Additionally, the study evaluates the ecological and thermal qualities of the city using the Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI). The ecological evaluation based on UTFVI for 2020 indicates that 52.03% of the area falls under the excellent category and 31.82% under the worst category. Notably, there is a significant increase in summer mean LST from 32.42 °C in 2016 to 38.27 °C in 2020. Identified Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), indicative of the warmest areas within city limits due to human activities, show an increasing trend in the summer UHI temperature from 36.92 °C to 38.06 °C between 2016 and 2020, respectively. The study reveals a robust inverse correlation between LST and NDVI, as well as a direct relationship between LST and NDBI across the entire city. The differentiation between UHI and non-UHI areas is achieved using the LST range. Furthermore, LST maps pinpoint UHI hotspots in Chandigarh, highlighting areas unsuitable for human habitation due to extreme heat. Validation of LST values employs Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data as a baseline, where MOD11A1 data's thermal infrared band offers a spatial resolution of 1 km, contrasting with Landsat 8 (Band-10) 100 m resolution. Remarkably, a highly positive correlation is observed between approximated LST values derived from Landsat 8 and MOD11A1 data, without necessitating upscaling or downscaling.

Moment redistribution in continuous reinforced concrete beams: Experimental study and analytical investigation

This paper presents the results of experimental and analytical studies carried out on continuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams to determine moment redistribution in statically indeterminate RC structures. For this purpose, continuous RC beams were produced with varying tensile reinforcement ratio at the intermediate support, which are shown as the parameters that affect moment redistribution the most in the literature. One of the main goals of this study is to check if the formulations in the design code provisions and in the literature give a safe estimate, and in order to perform this check, a dataset consisting of the experimental results of 141 beams in the literature has been used for validation and the moment redistribution ratios of this dataset have been estimated with all these formulations. The obtained results have been compared using various statistical indices such as the mean value (MV), standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (COV), the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). In particular, the formulations in the literature that take into account many parameters affecting the moment redistribution have been found to give better results than the formulations in the design code provisions. The results of this study confirm that elastic moment redistribution, which occurs in the process from the moment when the concrete cracks until the tensile reinforcement yields and constitutes a significant part of the total moment redistribution, is also important. Moreover, the properties of continuous RC beams related to their general behaviors, such as load-displacement relationships, ductility and moment-curvature relationships have been also investigated in detail.

Chronic Pathologies Associated with Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Hospitalised at the Ureni Reference Health Centre in Commune V

Introduction: The objective was to study chronic pathologies associated with severe acute malnutrition in children aged 6 to 59 months hospitalized at URENI. Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study running from January 1 to December 31, 2017. Results: During the study period 352 children were hospitalized for severe acute malnutrition at the URENI of the CSREF CV. Among them, 18 presented a chronic pathology, i.e. a frequency of 5.11%. The male gender was predominant, i.e. 61.1% with a sex ratio of 1.57. The 12-24 month age group represented 50% of cases. Thirty-three percent of children had a history of neonatal resuscitation and 16.7% were formerly premature babies. Marasmus was of the severe acute malnutrition type the most represented, i.e. 77.8% of the cases. The association of malnutrition with HIV infection and Cerebral Palsy (CP) were accounted for 27.8% each. More than half of the patients (55.6%) stayed between 15 - 21 days in the structure. Conclusion: HIV infection and cerebral palsy constitute the chronic pathologies most associated with severe acute malnutrition in children at the Csref of commune V.

India's Development of Infrastructures and Financing – An Analytical Study

One of the most important foundations of productivity in every economy is infrastructure. The main problem in emerging countries has been pushing for infrastructure development, and in particular, raising money for infrastructure projects. The goal of the current study is to examine how India is funding its infrastructure development. In order to address the infrastructure deficit in the nation, the study looked at how India's infrastructure is developing, looked into where money for it comes from, assessed the government's efforts to make financing easier, and made recommendations for policies to boost infrastructure spending. The supply side and demand side still have a sizable imbalance, despite the government of India and the reserve bank of India having launched many steps to promote funding for infrastructure. Utilise the untapped potentials; review the statutory liquidity ratio norms for banks; develop the municipal bond market; promote regional integration and improved connectivity through creation of corridors between sub-continental regions, which would not only bridge the finance gap but also improve connectivity. These are just a few of the recommendations made in the paper

Analytical study on geometrical irregularity and internal loads of railways with CRTS I ballastless tracks on arch bridges subject to thermal effects

Temperature variation causes geometrical irregularity and additional internal loads in railway systems. The geometrical irregularity and additional internal loads can adversely influence the dynamic behaviors of trains, therefore compromising the safety and ride comfort of trains. This paper presents an analytical study on the deformations and internal loads of railways with CRTS I ballastless tracks on an arch bridge. The bridge is located in the Sichuan-Tibet Railway Line within a high-altitude mountainous terrain exposed to significant temperature variations. This research derives analytical formulae to analyze the deformations and internal loads of railways under various temperatures and thermal gradients. The formulae are utilized to evaluate the effects of the stiffness of fasteners and the stiffness of isolation layers of CRTS I ballastless tracks. The results show that temperature changes cause significant vertical deformations and rotations of rails, and reducing the stiffness of fasteners and isolation layers is effective in mitigating rail deformations under the thermal effects.

Analytical design and simulation studies of a conical energy harvester for enhanced power output

A primary method of energy harvesting from kinetic energy is constructed by levitating a magnet between stationary magnets in Levitation Based Energy Harvesting (LBEH). The levitating magnet movements are captured in the coil which is wound across magnets and the voltage is generated. Vertical movement of levitating magnet is only considered for designing LBEH. In this work, levitation magnet is allowed to move in vertical as well as in angular space with all directions. The two stationary magnets are replaced with one spring fixed at the bottom so that the levitation magnet absorbs vertical and angular movement due to vibration absorbed by the spring. This arrangement is realized with a mathematical model and simulation that results in conical shape of coil. The designed Conical Energy Harvester (CEH) is able to capture the movement of levitation magnet due to vibrations absorbed by the spring in all the directions. The simulation results indicate that the voltage developed by CEH is 1.27 times higher than that of voltage developed by LBEH.