Analytical Components Research Articles

Framework for Analyzing Spatial Interference in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Networks with Positional Errors

This paper introduces a novel framework for evaluating vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems, employing beamforming and null steering techniques. Addressing challenges such as electromagnetic interference from other vehicles within the network as well as diverse road conditions, the framework defines the simulation environment for V2V networks across different traffic scenarios to assess system reliability. The analytical components of the proposed framework are structured as follows: a comprehensive framework is developed, serving as the basis for implementing a simulator that leverages advanced spatial signal processing algorithms to evaluate V2V networks across specific scenarios, accounting for the effects of positional errors. The framework integrates multiple blocks, including road modeling, system modeling, and performance evaluation, providing adaptability for different algorithms or configurations. Positional inaccuracies are examined, highlighting their effects on system performance, particularly in scenarios where null steering accuracy is imperfect, thus underscoring the need for enhanced interference management strategies.

Sleep quality among sample of Egyptian patients with Alzheimer’s disease: risk factors and role of genetic profiling for ACE, ACE 2 and APO E genotypes

BackgroundMost individuals having Alzheimer’s disease generally experience increased frequency of awakenings as well as prolonged wakefulness periods at night. Brain wave research indicate reductions in both REM (dreaming stage) along with NREM (non-dreaming stage). The inherited pattern of Alzheimer’s disease is attributed to presence of genetic polymorphisms. The association of these polymorphisms and sleep pattern in Alzheimer’s disease patients was not assessed before.PurposeThis research was aimed at assessing the association between sleep quality as well as genetic polymorphisms of ACE, ACE2 and Apo E among Alzheimer’s disease patients in Upper Egypt.Patients and methodsOur cross-sectional study with analytic component involved 50 cases having Alzheimer’s disease evaluated utilizing Pittsburg sleep quality index for sleep quality. They were accordingly divided into good as well as poor sleep quality groups. Genetic analysis of ACE, ACE2 (rs2285666) SNPs and Apo E (rs121918398) SNPs was done using (RFLP-PCR) I.ResultsNo statistically significant variation was documented among both groups regarding age as well as age at diagnosis. Female patients were more susceptible for poor sleep quality. In addition, patients came from rural areas were significantly higher among poor sleep quality group. Statistical significant variations were documented among both groups as regard presenting symptoms and HAM-A and HAM-D. No statistically significant variations were documented among both groups as regard ACE genotypes; however, ACE 2 AA genotype and A allele were higher with statistically significant difference among poor sleep quality group. Apo E3/E4 genotype and E4 allele were greater with statistically significant variations among poor sleep quality group.ConclusionsFemale patient and rural Alzheimer’s disease patients at high risk for poor sleep quality. In addition, Apo E4 carriers and ACE2 AA carriers are at increasing susceptibility for poor sleep quality.

Gaps and Similarities in Research Use LOINC Codes Utilized in Korean University Hospitals: Towards Semantic Interoperability for Patient Care.

The accuracy of Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) mappings is reportedly low, and the LOINC codes used for research purposes in Korea have not been validated for accuracy or usability. Our study aimed to evaluate the discrepancies and similarities in interoperability using existing LOINC mappings in actual patient care settings. We collected data on local test codes and their corresponding LOINC mappings from seven university hospitals. Our analysis focused on laboratory tests that are frequently requested, excluding clinical microbiology and molecular tests. Codes from nationwide proficiency tests served as intermediary benchmarks for comparison. A research team, comprising clinical pathologists and terminology experts, utilized the LOINC manual to reach a consensus on determining the most suitable LOINC codes. A total of 235 LOINC codes were designated as optimal codes for 162 frequent tests. Among these, 51 test items, including 34 urine tests, required multiple optimal LOINC codes, primarily due to unnoted properties such as whether the test was quantitative or qualitative, or differences in measurement units. We analyzed 962 LOINC codes linked to 162 tests across seven institutions, discovering that 792 (82.3%) of these codes were consistent. Inconsistencies were most common in the analyte component (38 inconsistencies, 33.3%), followed by the method (33 inconsistencies, 28.9%), and properties (13 inconsistencies, 11.4%). This study reveals a significant inconsistency rate of over 15% in LOINC mappings utilized for research purposes in university hospitals, underlining the necessity for expert verification to enhance interoperability in real patient care.

The Concept of Pain in Children Attending Primary School: Implications for School-Based Pain Education.

Introduction: A child's concept of pain comprises their understanding of what pain is, the purpose of pain, and biological processes underpinning pain. The concept of pain can influence pain experiences, pain beliefs, and pain-related behaviour. This study aimed to assess the concept of pain among children attending primary schools in Gqeberha in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. A secondary aim was to explore demographic and pain-related information that may contribute to a child's concept of pain. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with an analytic component was used. The cross-culturally adapted Concept of Pain Inventory (COPI) was used to assess the concept of pain amongst 12-year-old school-attending children. Children from seven primary schools that were selected via stratified random sampling participated. Participants completed the adapted COPI and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: There were 119 participants. Participants' concept of pain partially aligned with contemporary pain science (mean = 34.39 out of 56; standard deviation = 6.49), indicating a partial understanding of the factors influencing pain. Demographic factors and pain-related information investigated did not influence participants' concept of pain. However, differences in the concept of pain were observed amongst participants from different schools. Conclusions: Participants had a developing concept of pain that was partially aligned with contemporary pain science. Participants had pain knowledge strengths and gaps that can be used to develop a tailored school-based pain education intervention for them. There were indications that contextual factors may have influenced the participants' concept of pain. Further studies to explore socioenvironmental factors that influence pain knowledge in children are recommended.

Curio: A Dataflow-Based Framework for Collaborative Urban Visual Analytics.

Over the past decade, several urban visual analytics systems and tools have been proposed to tackle a host of challenges faced by cities, in areas as diverse as transportation, weather, and real estate. Many of these tools have been designed through collaborations with urban experts, aiming to distill intricate urban analysis workflows into interactive visualizations and interfaces. However, the design, implementation, and practical use of these tools still rely on siloed approaches, resulting in bespoke systems that are difficult to reproduce and extend. At the design level, these tools undervalue rich data workflows from urban experts, typically treating them only as data providers and evaluators. At the implementation level, they lack interoperability with other technical frameworks. At the practical use level, they tend to be narrowly focused on specific fields, inadvertently creating barriers to cross-domain collaboration. To address these gaps, we present Curio, a framework for collaborative urban visual analytics. Curio uses a dataflow model with multiple abstraction levels (code, grammar, GUI elements) to facilitate collaboration across the design and implementation of visual analytics components. The framework allows experts to intertwine data preprocessing, management, and visualization stages while tracking the provenance of code and visualizations. In collaboration with urban experts, we evaluate Curio through a diverse set of usage scenarios targeting urban accessibility, urban microclimate, and sunlight access. These scenarios use different types of data and domain methodologies to illustrate Curio's flexibility in tackling pressing societal challenges. Curio is available at urbantk.org/curio.

View on various clinical determinants of thyroid neoplasms based on their histopathological patterns

Background. Most thyroid cancers are differentiated, either follicular or papillary, and respond effectively to radioactive iodine therapy. Aim of study. To investigate the histopathological types of thyroid cancer and their relationship to certain demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods. A retrospective observational study with an analytic component was conducted over six months (May to November 2023). It included 120 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer, selected from oncology department records. The following information was collected: age, gender, occupation, smoking status, family history of thyroid malignancy, tumor stage according to the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging, thyroid status, clinical presentation, ultrasound details, and histopathological report. Results. In this study, 68.3% of cases presented as goiter, and lymphadenopathy was observed in 18.3%. The most prevalent histological type was papillary carcinoma. Of the papillary cases, 80.6% were staged as T1, compared to 23.5% of follicular carcinoma cases. In papillary carcinoma, 38.9% had a tumor size < 1 cm³, while 76.5% of follicular carcinoma cases had a tumor size > 2 cm³. Lymphadenopathy was seen in 47.1% of follicular carcinoma cases, compared to 11.1% in papillary carcinoma cases. Regarding clinical presentation, goiter was found in 72.2% of papillary cases compared to 17.6% of follicular cases, with these differences being statistically significant. Conclusion. Thyroid cancer is more common in younger age groups and in females. The papillary form accounts for the majority of cases, suggesting that iodine deficiency is not a significant factor for most patients. Histopathological features may help predict the degree of lymph node metastasis.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Psychological Distress of Patients with Stroke Attending a Neurology Clinic — An Analytical Cross-sectional Study

Background: A vast range of factors lead to psychological distress among stroke patients, causing poor outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of psychological distress and identify the associated factors among stroke patients attending the Neurology Clinics of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL), Colombo. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted among 177 patients with stroke attending the Neurology Clinics of the NHSL, Colombo, who were sampled by multistage random sampling. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10). Data collected under 6 domains underwent initial bivariate analysis using Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Tests, followed by multivariate analysis via binary logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the participants with stroke was 59.7 (SD:12.3) years. The prevalence of psychological distress among stroke patients was found to be 23.3% (95% CI:16.1–31.9). During bivariate analysis, six factors (p<0.05) were significant. The regression analysis identified five independent predictors: younger age (OR =0.87, 95% CI=0.79–0.97, p<0.05), female gender (OR=70.94, 95% CI=3.73–1348.89, p=0.05), patient being the sole source of income (OR=24.71, 95% CI=1.67–362.01, p<0.05), increased level of disability (OR=13.05, 95% CI=3.59–47.36, p<0.001), and past personal history of psychiatric disorders (OR=172.59, 95% CI=3.64–8174.42, p<0.05) with a R2 of 0.772. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychological distress among patients with stroke attending the Neurology Clinics of the NHSL, Colombo, is considerably high and is associated with multiple health and non-health related factors.

Collaborative learning in the digital age: empowering tuberculosis researchers through virtual training.

Integrating whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex into routine care, surveillance, and research in high tuberculosis burden settings remains challenging due to limited resources and skills. While technological platforms for scaling WGS are emerging, scaling wet lab and analytic components often depends on partnerships where such skills have been established. To address this, a virtual training program was developed. Over 12 weeks, 21 trainees from five Southern African institutes engaged in learning from curated theoretical content and interactive virtual meetings with experienced instructors. The training program, developed by a diverse team of experts in molecular biology, biomedical research, microbiology, and tuberculosis research, provided comprehensive coverage aligned with the latest advancements. Teaching strategies included interactive mentor-led sessions and real-time feedback, together with facilitated knowledge exchange and understanding. The virtual training program yielded several successes. Of note, trainees submitted three scientific articles for peer review, based on their acquired knowledge and its application in research. The program also fostered collaborations on Mycobacterium tuberculosis WGS among participants, showcasing the potential for networking and future joint projects. While the virtual training program encountered challenges related to the pandemic, limited resources, trainee engagement, and language barriers, these were creatively mitigated. To improve future training sessions, a platform assessing participant engagement and information retention is recommended. Wider collaborative efforts among experts and institutions in collating resources will lead to more comprehensive training programs. Addressing challenges such as internet connectivity issues and language barriers is crucial for ensuring inclusivity and enhancing the overall learning experience. In conclusion, the virtual training program successfully provided knowledge and skill training in WGS to trainees, leading to scientific article submissions and collaborations. Furthermore, content creators benefited from improved science communication and training opportunities.

Use of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy in chemical analysis

An overview of the main applications of generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) in analytical chemistry is presented. 2D-COS is a method used to analyze datasets obtained from spectroscopic measurements. This approach is based on the use of two-dimensional correlation maps to identify and analyze correlations between different regions of the spectrum or data from two measurement methods. The purpose of using 2D-COS is to increase the amount of analytical information by revealing hidden data correlations. Analyzing such correlations for series of spectral data obtained for a certain range of analyte concentrations, pH, or component ratios of a mixture, as well as changes in temperature or other external factors, allows researchers to investigate and identify chemical processes and interactions that cannot be directly obtained from the spectra. Compared to one-dimensional spectra, 2D-COS offers significant analytical information for complex mixtures, particularly in identifying components and determining composition. Additionally, 2D-COS can be used to monitor changes in a sample over time, making it a valuable tool for studying dynamically changing systems. Overall, 2D-COS is a highly versatile approach that can be used in conjunction with a large number of methods for most analytical tasks and complex objects, including those without sample preparation. The review presents advancements in the application of 2D-COS as of early September 2023.

Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) and Its Barriers Among Working Women at Mansoura University, Egypt.

Identifying physical activity (PA) and its barriers among middle-aged women may aid in the development of age-specific health promotion interventions. In Egypt, women, particularly those in the workforce, typically face numerous barriers that result in low levels of PA. This research seeks to assess the prevalence of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) among working women at Mansoura University and identify the associated barriers. This cross-sectional study employs a quantitative methodology that includes an analytic component. We studied a non-random sample of 760 Egyptian women employed at Mansoura University. Sociodemographic data were collected, and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was used to assess the level of PA. Additionally, the Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ) was used to assess barriers to PA. One-fourth of women engage in HEPA; 44.9% are classified as minimally active, while 30.1% are inactive. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the type of job is an independent predictor of HEPA, with ARR of 1.7 for manager and administrative roles. The total BBAQ score significantly predicts HEPA (ARR = 0.94). Social influences and lack of willpower scores are significant independent predictors of HEPA (ARR = 0.9 and 0.8, respectively). Most individuals encounter two to five barriers, with only 11.3% experiencing no PA barriers. The most frequently reported barrier is the lack of energy (80.4%), followed by the lack of resources, willpower, and time (74.04%, 69.6%, and 69.4%, respectively). The prevalence of HEPA is low among working women at Mansoura University. Policymakers can utilize findings to promote engagement with and adherence to physical activity.

Can Street-Level Bureaucrats Assist with Material Resources? Naming, Trivializing and Privatizing Economic Abuse in Israel

ABSTRACT Street Level Bureaucrats’ (SLBs) contribution to social inequality was proposed to be best assessed by combining three analytical approaches: Discretion, Positioning, and Reproduction. Such a triple analytical framework may be required for understanding SLBs’ responses to Economic Abuse (EA) in Israel where formal law has not addressed EA while the prevalent welfare orientation denies the material resources required in responding to EA. Applying the triple framework in analyzing fifty-three interviews conducted with Israeli SLBs operating in state welfare organizations reveals the extent to which each analytical component is open for SLBs’ moral entrepreneurship, generating a sense of appropriate professional treatment. It develops a critical discussion of the conditions under which applying the triple framework of discretion, positioning, and reproduction is conducive.

Pattern of Cleft Lip and Palate According to Gender in Children of Bangladesh

Background: Cleft defects are the most common congenital anomalies of the orofacial region. The typical distribution of cleft type is cleft lip, cleft palate and combined cleft lip and palate. To determine the frequency of Cleft Lip (CL), Cleft Palate (CP) and combined cleft lip and palate (CLP) according to gender. Materials and methods: It is a cross sectional observational study with some analytical components which was carried out in the Department of Anatomy of Chittagong Medical College From April 2021 to March 2022. It was conducted among 100 children of cleft lip and palate. Data was collected from LMRF (Lions Mukhlesur Rahman Foundation) Children Hospital, Smile train (CMSOGH) cleft project and Chattogram Maa Shishu O General Hospital, Agrabad Chattogram. The data were recorded in a predesigned questionnaire. Variables were presented as percentages (%) and were compared by Chi-Square test. All statistical analysis were performed using SPSS statistics for Windows, version 26.0. Finally the results were presented using tables and figures. Results: Among the 100 participants there were 58 male and 42 female children with a ratio of 1.38:1. 68% had combined cleft lip and palate, 22% had isolated cleft palate and only 10% had isolated cleft lip. Among the 10 children with cleft lip 4 were male and 6 were female. 80% of the cleft lip was on the left side. Among 22 children of cleft palate 9 were male and 13 were female. Lastly among 68 children of cleft lip and palate 45 were male and only 23 were female. 44% of cleft lip and palate was on the left side, 32% bilateral and only 24% was on the right side. Conclusion: This study reported the pattern of cleft defects with gender distribution in our country which shows females are more likely to have isolated CL and CP and males have CLP predominantly. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (2); July 2023; Page 3-7

Modeling indirectly detected analyte peaks in ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography

In indirect detection, sample components lacking detectable properties are detected by adding a detectable component to the eluent, a so-called probe that interacts with the analytes to be detected. This study focuses on modeling indirect detection in two principally different cases. In case (1), the analyte component has the same charge as the probe component, so the probe acts as a co-ion of the analyte. In case (2), the analyte component has the opposite charge to the probe, so the probe acts as a counter-ion of the analyte.In the co-ion case (1), the analytes are alkyl sulfonates, and a competitive bi-Langmuir isotherm model was used. In the counter-ion case (2), the analytes are amines, and a modified bi-Langmuir isotherm model, incorporating ion-pairing on the stationary phase surface, was derived and applied for simulating the elution profiles. The chromatographic system comprised an XBridge Phenyl column as the stationary phase and an acetonitrile/phosphate buffer mixture with varying concentrations of sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate as the eluent. In both cases, the detectable probe component was sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate.The applied isotherm models successfully predicted system peaks with high agreement in both model cases, with calculated relative errors in retention times typically below 4.72 % and often below 1 %. The models were employed to predict the sensitivity of analytical methods, demonstrating excellent agreement between experimental and calculated sensitivities. These findings confirm the validity of the new adsorption isotherm model under these experimental conditions.

Performance Characteristics of a Calculated Index Control Method for the phi Multianalyte Assay with Algorithmic Analysis.

Multianalyte assays with algorithmic analysis (MAAAs), such as the Prostate Health Index (phi), are increasingly utilized for generating disease risk scores. Currently, imprecision and bias in phi are not directly monitored by quality control (QC) assessment of the index but rather by QC assessment of individual components. This may not be adequately controlling for imprecision and bias in the calculated multicomponent phi value itself. Inter- and intra-assay phi precision was compared to precision of the individual component assays. QC measurements from total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), free PSA, and p2PSA were used to calculate a single calculated phi QC metric (PHIc). The frequency of QC failure of PHIc, relative to individual components QC by Westgard rules (13S and 22S), was determined. The effects of varying analyte component assay bias on the resulting PHIc metric were also examined. Average measured phi imprecision (6.7% CV) was higher than individual phi analyte component imprecision (3.9-4.5% CV) across 2 Beckman Coulter Unicel DxI 800 instruments. A retrospective examination of PHIc QC over 84 quality control determinations was concurrently carried out for both PHIc and component assay failure patterns, which were dependent on SDs utilized for Westgard evaluation. Finally, reinforcing nonlinear changes in PHIc were observed in select cases of introduced simulated bias of individual component measurements. An additional calculated phi QC measure can be introduced to monitor MAAA precision/bias, and in principle calculated index controls may represent a complementary supplemental QC method that could be applied to other MAAA indices.

Clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with congenital toxoplasmosis in a fourthlevel center Introduction. Congenital

Congenital toxoplasmosis is a highly prevalent parasitic disease worldwide, with a high burden of disease and neurodevelopmental involvement in pediatric patients. To describe the clinical sequelae and neurodevelopmental state of pediatric patients with congenital toxoplasmosis at the Hospital Militar Central during 2013 to 2020. We conducted an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical component, including pediatric patients diagnosed with congenital toxoplasmosis. Patients consulted the Hospital Militar Central from January 2013 to December 2020. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires 3 neurodevelopmental scale was applied to children under six years old. Forty-five patients with confirmed congenital toxoplasmosis were included, with a mean age of 5.9 years; 60% were male; 11.2 % were symptomatic at birth, and 33% presented chorioretinitis. During the follow-up, 73% presented ophthalmologic sequelae, 64% cerebral calcifications, 4.4% hydrocephalus, 11.2% cerebral palsy, and 13.4% focal epilepsy. In children under six years old, 58% presented neurodevelopmental compromise, and in those over six years old, 62% had cognitive deficits. In this cohort, 68% of the patients received posnatal treatment, with a statistically significant association between not receiving treatment and ophthalmological sequelae (OR = 5.2; p < 0.001). Congenital toxoplasmosis is associated with important long-term sequelae similar to those described in several Latin American series. These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and timely interdisciplinary follow-up of patients in our country to improve their prognosis.

Protocolo diagnóstico de la anemia en el paciente anciano

Anemia in older adult patients is not only a disease with a high incidence that directly affects patients’ health, but it also behaves as a catalyst of other cardiovascular, functional, and cognitive comorbidities. It can also be a determining factor in these patients’ quality of life. The initial focus is mainly based on the study of iron metabolism and other basic analytical components according to the degree of anemia and mean corpuscular volume. The vast majority of cases can be controlled by replenishing potential deficits or treating underlying diseases, although this protocol also addresses purely hematological causes.

FORMING DESIGN THINKING SKILLS DURING THE EDUCATION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS

The article revealed the meaning of the concepts of «thinking», «design thinking» by theoretically analyzing the scientific works and identifying the psychological and pedagogical features of formation of students' design thinking skills in the educational process. The levels of development of design thinking skills of future specialists, the authors relied on the design thinking criteria, components, and terms cited by scientists in the research. Diagnosing design thinking using a three-level stage, components such as cognitive, analytical, and activity were distinguished by the improvement of the process of forming students' design thinking skills. The experimental part of the research was planned and experimental work was carried out using effective methods. Surveys were conducted to determine design thinking by methods of «critical thinking», J. Barrett's «Critical Analysis» methodology, and Michael Chaifitz's test to assess the ability to find logical errors. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed the low level of design thinking of students. It needs creation and usage for improving the educational process in HEI. A work plan was created, and during its implementation, the solution to the problem of determining the effectiveness of design thinking was demonstrated based on the analysis of the results of each of the conducted methods. Comparing the results, none of the stages of development of design thinking could exclude an insufficient level; showed the highest indicator of students' cognitive stage; the analytical component of design thinking posed the greatest challenge, with only 69% of students indicating they were ready to make logical connections, and 13% saying they had great difficulty making them. It is possible to influence students by encouraging responsibility and independence, realizing awareness, creativity, self-development, learning to monitor, generalize, compare, and increase their attention in order to form design thinking skills, and the formation of design thinking skills is not enough.

THE MECHANISM OF CRIMINOLOGICAL POLICY FORMULATION IN THE FIELD OF COUNTERING TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME

The objective of this article is to elucidate the fundamental components of the mechanism for formulating criminological policy in the context of combating transnational organised crime. In addition, it aims to analyse the subjective composition of the counteraction to such criminal offences and to identify the measures that are necessary to neutralise threats and risks to national security. The article presents a scientific discussion of the mechanism of formation and implementation of criminological policy. It is determined that the nationwide system of combating transnational organised crime can counteract the systemic threats reflected in the Strategy for Combating Organised Crime. This necessitates the establishment of a singular entity: a state body endowed with distinctive status, entrusted with the requisite authority over other entities, including competence related to the budget allocation process and control over its implementation in terms of combating such crime. This entity must possess a sufficient information and analytical component, the result of which should be both the assurance of the agency's ongoing activities and the preparation of strategic programme documents on combating transnational organised crime in general and in its individual areas. These documents must then be approved by the President of Ukraine, who serves as the guarantor of national security. Results. The author develops a scientific concept of the criminological policy of combating transnational organised crime based on the system of coordinated measures to ensure criminological security. This concept has been tested by domestic and foreign practice, with the development and implementation of a set of strategic legal, economic and social measures in the activities of entities involved in combating transnational organised crime (decisions, recommendations, and methodologies) at the legislative and governmental levels. These measures are aimed at identifying criminogenic factors and making effective legal and regulatory, organisational and managerial decisions, including departmental (and interdepartmental) decisions, by authorised entities on this basis.

Developing novel wormhole metrics in finsler-randers geometry using the barthel connection and osculating-riemannian method

In this research, we focus on modelling a wormhole using Finsler-Randers geometry. By applying the Barthel connection from the range of Finslerian connections, we have developed a new wormhole metric, termed the osculating Barthel-Finsler-Randers metric, through the osculating-Riemannian method within the Finsler-Randers framework. The fundamental field equations are formulated in terms of the obtained metric tensor characterised by η(r), which plays a pivotal role in characterizing the anisotropy of the model. To explore the application of Finsler geometry in addressing the existence of a wormhole, we adopt an exponential shape function. Further, in order to streamline the computational aspects of our analysis, and to discuss the effect of anisotropy effect of Finsler Rander geometry, we adopt a specific functional form for the anisotropic parameter η(r)=arn, where α is a constant with implications for the anisotropy, among various possibilities for η(r) a non-zero analytical component of vector field in Randers metric. In addition, we consider three distinct values for the exponent n = −1, 0, and 1 and subsequently, we proceed to develop two distinct models for each of these three values of n with constant and non-constant redshift function. We analyse the physical implications of η(r) on the energy conditions. Our results demonstrate the crucial impact of anisotropy on the stability and structure of wormholes, emphasizing the requirement of exotic matter under specific conditions. This research deepens the understanding of wormhole physics within Finsler geometry, shedding light on the theoretical frameworks essential for the existence and stability of these cosmic structures.

Neural Fractional Differential Equations: Optimising the Order of the Fractional Derivative

Neural Fractional Differential Equations (Neural FDEs) represent a neural network architecture specifically designed to fit the solution of a fractional differential equation to given data. This architecture combines an analytical component, represented by a fractional derivative, with a neural network component, forming an initial value problem. During the learning process, both the order of the derivative and the parameters of the neural network must be optimised. In this work, we investigate the non-uniqueness of the optimal order of the derivative and its interaction with the neural network component. Based on our findings, we perform a numerical analysis to examine how different initialisations and values of the order of the derivative (in the optimisation process) impact its final optimal value. Results show that the neural network on the right-hand side of the Neural FDE struggles to adjust its parameters to fit the FDE to the data dynamics for any given order of the fractional derivative. Consequently, Neural FDEs do not require a unique α value; instead, they can use a wide range of α values to fit data. This flexibility is beneficial when fitting to given data is required and the underlying physics is not known.