Analysis Techniques Research Articles

PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMASARAN TERHADAP MINAT BELI PELANGGAN PADA PAKET WISATA DI NUANSA TOUR AND TRAVEL BANDUNG (STUDI KASUS PADA NUANSA TOUR AND TRAVEL BANDUNG TAHUN 2023)

This research aims to identify and analyze the impact of marketing strategies on consumer purchase intention at Nuansa Tour and Travel Bandung. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method with a survey approach, utilizing questionnaires distributed to consumers who have seen Nuansa Tour and Travel content on social media. The variables studied include the marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence) and consumer buying interest, which are measured using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique uses a simple linear regression test to determine the relationship between marketing strategies and purchase intention. This research provides insight for Nuansa Tour and Travel in developing more effective marketing strategies to increase consumer buying interest. Recommendations include improving service quality, adjusting competitive prices, optimizing distribution channels, and strengthening promotions through social media. Thus, Nuansa Tour and Travel can better fulfill consumer needs and preferences and increase their competitiveness in the tourism market.

Development of Digital Phonology Teaching Materials Using Shadowing Techniques for Korean BIPA Learners

This research aims to produce digital phonology teaching materials using the shadowing technique to improve the pronunciation skills of basic-level Korean BIPA learners. The research method employed Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data collection techniques involved needs analysis by interviewing BIPA learners and instructors, then conducting pronunciation tests on Korean BIPA learners to identify pronunciation challenges and specific needs for material development. Based on this analysis, the digital teaching materials were designed and developed, then validated by media experts, material experts, and BIPA practitioners. Data analysis techniques in this research included quantitative and qualitative methods. The result showed that the development of digital phonology teaching materials with shadowing techniques for Korean BIPA learners was effective in improving Indonesian pronunciation skills. The evaluation results showed that this teaching material received a very positive response from teachers and learners, with feasibility test scores of 98% and 94% respectively, as well as expert validation that supported the quality of the teaching material. Thus, this digital teaching material not only meets the expected standards, but also offers concrete solutions to the pronunciation challenges faced by Korean BIPA learners, and is ready to be used to improve the effectiveness of Indonesian pronunciation learning.

Development of Augmented Reality Learning Media to Introduce Musical Instruments for Deaf Elementary School Student

This research aims to develop Augmented Reality learning media for deaf children at the elementary school level in recognizing musical instruments and measuring their effectiveness on learning outcomes. The research method used is research and development (R&D) and uses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle development method. The effectiveness of the media was tested using pretest-posttest. Data analysis techniques use the parametric statistical test. The results of testing by media and content experts concluded that the application was declared suitable for use as a learning medium. From the beta test, it was discovered by 33 deaf students that Augmented Reality learning media was well received. The t-test comparison test shows that there is a difference, which means that the use of Augmented Reality learning media as a medium for introducing musical instruments to deaf students has a positive impact on learning outcomes.

Pengaruh Interaksi Sosial terhadap Kemampuan Emosi Anak Usia Dini di Raudhatul Athfal Tunas Kualuh Kecamatan Kualuh Hilir Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara

This study aims to determine the effect of social interaction on the emotional abilities of early childhood in Raudhatul Athfal Tunas Kualuh, Kualuh Hilir District, North Labuhanbatu Regency and identify the effect of social interaction on children's emotional abilities. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research, the population in this study involved 30 respondents and respondents using instruments that were tested for validity and reliability of sampling techniques using probability techniques, data collection instruments using observation and documentation. As for the formulation of the problem, namely how is the social interaction of children in RA Tunas Kualuh, how is the emotional ability of children in RA Tunas Kualuh, and is there an influence of social interaction on children's emotional abilities in RA Tunas Kualuh? The data analysis techniques used are normality test, and homogeneity test and hypothesis test (T test). Based on the results of the study that the validity test shows that the instruments for social interaction variables (X1) and emotional abilities (Y2) are valid and reliable. Normality test with Kolmogorov-Smirnov shows that the data is normally distributed (Asymp.Sig. = 0.370). The homogeneity test showed that the variance between groups was homogeneous (Sig = 0.517). The results of the hypothesis test (T test) indicated that social interaction has a significant influence on children's emotional abilities (Sig = 0.000), with a Beta coefficient of -0.723. This study concluded that social interaction plays a significant role in influencing children's emotional abilities in RA Tunas Kualuh, with the instruments used being valid and reliable. Thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted that social interaction does have a significant influence on children's emotional abilities.

Establishing Literacy Foundations : Policies and Interventions for Indonesia's Future Excellence

This study explores the current condition of children's literacy in Indonesia focusing on several critical issues including the impact of inequality in literacy access, the factors influencing the quality of teaching languages, exploring the development of local literacy cultures and reading preferences in order to create a more inclusive literacy program, and the evaluation of current literacy policies. A policy analysis and document/library analysis method with qualitative research approach were used to gather data from documentation studies of literacy policies, reports on implementation and current literatures related to children's literacy in Indonesia. The data analysis technique of this research applied thematic analysis to review, identify, and analyze the data. The results showed that Indonesia still experiences a protracted learning crisis, particularly in relation to children's literacy. Factors like low literacy activities, Covid-19 pandemic and the results of national assessments indicate a serious challenge regarding the performance of children's literacy. Limited children's reading interest and availability of suitable book collections also pose a challenge to overcome. The study proposes several steps to improve children's literacy in Indonesia, including increasing accessibility and variety of book collections, enhancing collaboration between relevant authorities, harmonising with the global literacy standards, widening access to books, particularly in rural communities, involving the local community and establishing corporate partnerships with private sectors. The study hopefully provides a meaningful contribution to developing solutions to Indonesia's children's literacy challenges and strategies to improve children's literacy.

English in Mathematics : Trends, Benefits, and Challenges in Southeast Asia Countries

This study aims to identify the application of English in mathematics teaching in Southeast Asia countries, focusing on trends across countries, methods, benefits, and challenges. This study employed a systematic literature review (SLR) method adapted from the PRISMA model, resulting in 17 relevant articles obtained from 141 articles in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The data analysis technique of this research applied thematic analysis to review, identify, and analyze the data. The findings revealed that emerging research focused on learning policies and media, improving pedagogical practices, educational quality, and student learning outcomes. Malaysia is the country that has conducted the most research on this topic, with 11 articles, followed by the Philippines and Thailand, each with 2 articles. The majority of studies used qualitative methods and mixed methods. The benefits of using English in mathematics instruction included avoiding translation errors, supporting the implementation of global learning, enhancing soft skills and problem-solving abilities, supporting future career prospects, and improving the quality of learning with support from teachers and related parties. Some challenges faced include varying skills and readiness of teachers and students, the availability and utilization of resources, and the different impacts on students, especially those from diverse demographics. Additionally, cultural and linguistic gaps between English and students’ mother tongue, the rapid adoption of English policies in mathematics teaching, and necessary pedagogical adjustments also present challenges.

The Influence of Discount Cuts and Buzz Marketing Strategies on Live Sales Through E-commerce on Impulsive Buying Behavior

The level of internet usage in Indonesia is considered very high, encouraging the community to continuously adapt to using technology as a medium for business creation. The utilization of technology in the business field requires business actors to enhance creativity and strategies to influence and attract consumer purchasing interest. This research will explain the influence of discounts and buzz marketing strategies on live sales through e-commerce on impulsive buying behavior, with respondents aged 15-29 who reside in Jakarta. The technique used in the research for sample selection is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling. Data collection in this research was conducted by distributing questionnaires. The research analysis technique used is Smart PLS. Ultimately, the results of this study show that discounts on live sales through e-commerce have a positive but insignificant effect on impulsive buying behavior. Meanwhile, buzz marketing in live sales through e-commerce has a significant positive effect on impulsive buying behavior.

Pengaruh Locus Of Control dan Pelatihan Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dengan Motivasi Kerja sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Badan Keuangan Daerah Kota Solok

This study aims to determine the influence of locus of control and training on job satisfaction with work motivation as an intervening variable in the Solok City Regional Finance Agency. The data analysis techniques used were multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis, by circulating 104 questionnaires and 100 returning questionnaires. The results of the study showed a positive and significant influence of locus of control on work motivation at the Solok City Regional Finance Agency. There is a positive and significant influence of training on work motivation at the Solok City Regional Finance Agency. There is a positive and significant influence of locus of control on job satisfaction at the Solok City Regional Finance Agency. There is a positive and insignificant influence of training on job satisfaction at the Solok City Regional Finance Agency. There is a positive and significant influence of work motivation on job satisfaction at the Solok City Regional Finance Agency. Motivasi kerja mampu memediasi pengaruh locus of control terhadap kepuasan kerja pada Badan Keuangan Daerah Kota Solok. Motivasi kerja mampu memediasi pengaruh pelatihan terhadap kepuasan kerja pada Badan Keuangan Daerah Kota Solok

Development of Digital Teaching Materials for Indonesian Phonetics with Sound Association Design for Basic Level BIPA Arabic Learners

This research aims to develop digital teaching materials for Indonesian phonetics designed with sound association to support basic-level BIPA learners. This research method used research and development with the 4-D model, which consists of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The research instruments included pronunciation ability tests, learner needs questionnaires, BIPA teacher interview instruments, and validation sheets from experts and practitioners. The data analysis techniques used were qualitative and quantitative methods and Gregory's validity test with validity assessment criteria using the Likert Scale 1-4. The validation results indicated that the materials were "feasible" with some necessary revisions. After making the suggested revisions, the revised materials were piloted with basic-level BIPA learners. Feedback from these learners rated the materials as "very feasible", indicating a positive reception. The final product is a digital flipbook equipped with audio pronunciation guides and illustrations that can be accessed online. This format provides a flexible and engaging alternative for improving Indonesian pronunciation for Arabic-speaking BIPA learners, making it a valuable addition to the available teaching resources.

Dual CAR-T cell therapy for glioblastoma: strategies to cure tumour diseases based on a mathematical model

AbstractThe CAR-T cell immunotherapy entails the genetic reprogramming of T-lymphocytes, which then engage with cancer cells, triggering an anti-tumour immune response. While this treatment has gained approval for hematological cancers, addressing solid tumours presents new obstacles. Challenges include the heterogeneity of antigen expression within solid tumours, encompassing antigen-positive non-tumoural cells, the presence of immune inhibitory molecules, and the difficulty of CAR-T cell trafficking within the tumour microenvironment. In this article, we analytically study a generalisation of a mathematical model proposed by León-Triana et al. (Cancers 13(4):703, 2021a. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040703, Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 94:105570). This model focuses on the dynamics of glioblastoma, the most aggressive brain tumour, and its response to CAR-T cell treatment. We study the basic properties of the model, the dynamics of the solutions of the model when the treatment is not sustained during the time, and finally we study analytically the model when the therapy is constant, periodic and/or impulsive. We derive sufficient conditions for global stability of tumour-free equilibrium, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for local stability of the equilibrium obtaining conditions for an effective treatment. Finally, we perform different numerical simulations to find the strategies to keep the tumour under control. The obtained results are based on a combination of different analytical techniques in differential equations, dynamical systems and numerical simulations.

Evaluation of dimensional stability, setting time, tensile strength, and rheological properties of kaolin clay incorporated alginate impression material

This study aims to determine and compare the dimensional stability, setting time, tensile strength, and rheological properties of kaolin clay powder-modified and unmodified alginate impression material. Commercially available alginate-based impression material was considered as a control (C) while experimental groups E-1, E-2, and E-3 were fabricated by adding 2%, 4%, and 8% of kaolin clay powder in the control, respectively. Analytical techniques were used for the characterization of the samples. A tensile strength, rheological property, dimensional stability, and setting time were recorded for control and experimental groups. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of kaolin clay powder in all experimental groups. SEM showed a round solid structure and irregular shape particle appearance in all experimental groups as well as a control group. The dimensional stability was improved by the addition of kaolin clay powder to the alginate impression material. The percentage dimensional change at 5 min, 6, and 12 h was increased for E3 adding (8% kaolin clay powder) and decreased for the control group. The mean value of tensile strength was highest for E3 followed by E2, E1, and least in control groups. Higher Young’s Modulus and lower deformation values were measured for E3. The mean value of setting time was highest for E3 and the least was in the control group. The results for both setting time and tensile strength were very highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean values of viscoelasticity, flow, and drip test were increased statistically by adding various concentrations of kaolin clay powder to the alginate impression material.

Probabilities and seat gains of minor parties in the 2019 municipal legislative election in Surabaya City, Indonesia

This study examines the relationship between seat acquisition probabilities and the acquisition of minor party seats in the 2019 Surabaya City DPRD election. This research is crucial because theoretically the proportional representation electoral system quota/allocation of electoral district seats (dapil) has the probability to be accessed by all parties participating in the election, but in fact in the 2019 Surabaya City DPRD election the quota/allocation of seats was dominated by large parties. This research method is library research with the analysis technique using the Pearson Product Moment statistical test. According to the research results, first, the relationship between seat acquisition probability and minor party seat acquisition is negative and insignificant. The results of the research hypothesis test show rcount (-0.753) &lt; rtable (0.997). Second, the relationship between these two variables controlled by the threshold variable is significantly positive. The research hypothesis test result is rcount (0.000) &gt; rtable (0.997). Based on this research: (1) the electoral system of proportional representation quota/allocation of electoral district seats is not accessible to all minor parties participating in the election; (2) the size of electoral districts with seat quotas in the medium-large criteria does not have a significant positive effect on the acquisition of seats of parties participating in the election; (3) the threshold simultaneously affects the significant positive relationship between the size of the medium-large quota electoral districts and the acquisition of seats of parties participating in the election; and (4) the acquisition of party votes below the lower threshold still has the probability to get the remaining seats.

Kinematic bearing capacity analysis of strip footings on reinforced soils using discretisation technique

The kinematic discretisation technique of upper bound limit analysis is adopted in this study to evaluate the limit load of a strip footing located on the soils reinforced with different geosynthetic layers. The reinforcement is assumed to withstand the tension but not bending moment. The failure model of the reinforced foundation soil is generated using the discretisation method, a ‘point by point’ technique. Two failure modes of the reinforcement, the tensile rupture and sliding, are considered in the analysis. This article proposed the formulas for the first time to evaluate the effect of soil friction angle φ on the ultimate bearing capacity and on the failure mechanism of foundation. The calculation results are given considering different reinforcement layers, which describe the impact of different reinforcement depth and length on the ultimate bearing capacity. The optimum positions of different reinforcement layers and the optimum reinforcement length are obtained. The bearing capacity ratios are also presented in figures combing impact of reinforcement depths, soil cohesion and friction angle. The present method was verified by the results reported in literature. The present method can provide a reference for the footing design on the reinforced soils.

Action Research for Developing Teachers’ Pedagogical Skills in the ‘Out of School Children Education Program’

This study aimed to investigate the potential influences of action research on the professional development of teachers involved in the ‘Out of School Children (OSC) Education Program’ in Bangladesh. The qualitative approach was used with an action research component. Seventeen teachers from seventeen non-formal schools (learning Centers) from eight divisions were selected purposively. Semi-structured interviews, class observations, reflective diaries, and field notes were used to gather data. The thematic technique of qualitative data analysis was utilized. The results show that although every teacher from the seventeen learning centers engaged in very impromptu activities, their teaching-learning strategies were restricted to a few common exercises like group work, peer work, storytelling, reading aloud to each other while adhering to the teacher's instructions, and Club Day activities. The usual pedagogies of the learning centers were reciting the Quran together, singing the national anthem, and taking oaths. The results also show that teachers could reflect on their current pedagogical practices and create professional development strategies through a well-run collaborative action research project. The action research also revealed some noteworthy modifications of pedagogical practices. Numerous obstacles have been discovered and discussed. The results have implications for non-formal education research, practice, and policy. Even if the results of this qualitative research cannot be broadly applied because of its nature, there are instances where the process of implementing changes via an adaptable and tailored kind of action research could serve as a powerful model in a non-formal education setting. The results will also add to the body of knowledge in the fields of non-formal education, teacher preparation, and, more especially, the development of pedagogical skills in non-formal school teachers. Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Res arch, 50(1): 61-78

On the Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in the Characterization of Strained Germanium Microstructures

Strain engineering serves as an effective method for optimizing electronic and optical properties in semiconductor devices, with applications including the enhancement of optical emission in Ge and GeSn‐based devices, improvement of carrier mobility, and second harmonic generation in silicon photonics structures. Current methods for deformation characterization in semiconductors, such as X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, often require bulky and expensive setups and are limited in vertical resolution. Consequently, techniques capable of measuring lattice strain while overcoming these drawbacks are highly desirable. This study proposes a proof of concept for a cost‐effective, compact, fast, and non‐destructive approach to probe non‐uniform strain fields and additional material properties by exploiting the bulk photovoltage effect. The method is benchmarked with an array of silicon nitride stripes deposited under varying pressure conditions on a germanium substrate. Initially, their surface strains are verified through Raman spectroscopy. The deformations are replicated in a finite element method platform by integrating mechanical simulations with deformation potential theory, thereby estimating the band edge energy landscape. Finally, the study discusses the theoretical behavior of the photovoltage signal, considering semiconductor properties, defects, doping, and deformation. The findings offer insights into the development of advanced techniques for strain and transport analysis in semiconductor materials.

Continuous-Time Multivariate Analysis

The starting point for much of multivariate analysis (MVA) is an n × p data matrix whose n rows represent observations and whose p columns represent variables. Some multivariate datasets, however, may be best conceptualized not as n discrete p-variate observations, but as p curves or functions defined on a common time interval. Here we introduce a framework for extending techniques of multivariate analysis to such settings. The proposed continuous-time multivariate analysis (CTMVA) framework rests on the assumption that the curves can be represented as linear combinations of basis functions such as B-splines, as in the Ramsay-Silverman representation of functional data; but whereas functional data analysis extends MVA to the case of observations that are curves rather than vectors—heuristically, n × p data with p infinite—we are instead concerned with what happens when n is infinite. We present continuous-time extensions of the classical MVA methods of covariance and correlation estimation, principal component analysis, Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis, and k-means clustering. We show that CTMVA can improve on the performance of classical MVA, in particular for correlation estimation and clustering, and can be applied in some settings where classical MVA cannot, including variables observed at disparate time points. CTMVA is illustrated with a novel perspective on a well-known Canadian weather dataset, and with applications to datasets involving international development, brain signals, and air quality. The proposed methods are implemented in the publicly available R package ctmva. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Two decades of stakeholder voices: Exploring engagement in Romania's FSC forest management certification

Stakeholders' engagement in forest management decision-making is a critical tool for enhancing the business acceptability of the forest sector, and the Forest Stewardship Certification (FSC) scheme proactively involves stakeholders in its implementation. Based on the stakeholder theory, this study examined stakeholder's engagement in the FSC forest management certification in Romania over the past two decades to identify the extent and inputs of their involvement in the process. Using in-depth content analysis and text mining techniques, we explored publicly available information from 209 public reports covering 45 forest management certificates. According to data available in 178 reports, the average number of stakeholders notified per audit was 50.7. However, response evidence was found in 128 reports, with an average of 1.2 responses per audit, suggesting a limited engagement in the process. Additional stakeholders' feedback was received as part of the on-site audits, with an average of 10.2 responses per audit. Given the inconsistencies in the reporting format between certification bodies, we set a structured framework to analyse the findings on stakeholders' engagement from different report sections. The employed analytical framework sheds light on stakeholder and legitimacy theories in forest certification. Our findings highlighted stakeholders' predominantly positive feedback tone, evenly distributed across all stakeholder types and the four analysis domains. Negative feedback accounted for only 9.4% of the findings, highlighting areas for improvement for certificate holders, companies in the timber supply chain and public authorities. This study's findings may assist FSC in refining its stakeholder engagement practices, contributing to enhanced participation and better risk mitigation of non-compliance with standard requirements.

Synergistic hydration mechanism of steel slag-metakaolin based on ionic dissolution properties combined with industrial CT analysis

Replacing cement with solid waste materials is a key approach to preserving natural resources and mitigating carbon dioxide emissions. In this research, we explored elemental complementation as an eco-friendly and low-carbon approach to develop composite cementitious materials (CCMs) by partially substituting cement with steel slag (SS) and metakaolin (MK), thereby overcoming the low reactivity of SS and facilitating its broader application. We scrutinized the synergistic effects of SS-MK CCMs on parameters such as solubility, water demand, setting time, compressive strength, the formation of hydration products, and microstructure. Employing a suite of analytical techniques, including Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), measurement of hydration heat, and X-ray computed tomography. The findings revealed that the alkaline environment produced by SS-cement powder promoted the breakdown of Si-O and Al-O bonds within MK, facilitating both the early hydration process and the development of strength.MK compensates for the lack of strength caused by the slow hydration of SS in the early stage, while the SS accelerated a pozzolanic reaction of MK, leading to a 28d compressive strength of 54.77 MPa for the composite, while the 28d strength of SS20 was 39.74 MPa; MK effectively utilized portlandite, enhancing the hydration of SS and increasing the production of calcium silicate hydrate, which optimized the pore structure and improved sphericity. Furthermore, the SS-MK CCMs addressed the issues of f-CaO excess and prolonged setting times in the SS-cement system, while also ameliorating the high calcium demand and reduced fluidity in the MK-cement system. Additionally, its lower cumulative heat release from hydration enhances the material’s volumetric stability. This study presents a strategy for the large-scale application of SS and contributes to the value-added, eco-friendly use of industrial solid wastes.

Influence of the Budget Control System on the Company's Financial Performance

A company certainly has goals to achieve. Various things can help in achieving company goals, one of which is the budget control system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the budget control system on financial performance. The type of research used is quantitative. The data source used is secondary data obtained through the documentation method. The population in this study were companies in City X. Meanwhile, the sampling technique used in this study is a non-probability sampling technique, more precisely using saturated sampling technique, namely sampling determination technique with all population members used as samples. The sample obtained was 90 companies in City X. The data analysis techniques used are validity test, reliability test, normality test, and t test and determination coefficient test for hypothesis testing. The results obtained that the budget control system has a significant effect on the company's financial performance. The better the financial control system, the better the financial performance.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PROSES HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPAS DI KELAS IV SDN 101883 LIMAU MANIS KECAMATAN TANJUNG MORAWA

The objective of this research was to determine the cognitive learning outcomes of students using the Problem Based Learning model in the IPAS subject for fourth-grade students at SDN 101883 Limau Manis, Tanjung Morawa District. This research was classroom action research (CAR) consisting of three cycles, with two meetings in each cycle. Each cycle included four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were fourth-grade students at SDN 101883 Limau Manis, Tanjung Morawa District. This research utilized data collection techniques such as tests and non-tests, including observation, evaluation sheets, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis technique employed was quantitative analysis. The results indicated a significant improvement after using the Problem Based Learning model, as seen in the third cycle, where in two meetings, 18 students or 90% out of 20 students achieved mastery. This demonstrated that the students' learning outcomes reached the success indicator with a Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) of 70, achieving more than 70% in accordance with the provisions expected in the fourth grade at SDN 101883 Limau Manis, Tanjung Morawa District