Statistical Analysis Method Research Articles

ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ДЕПОЗИТНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ БАНКІВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Introduction. Assessing the effectiveness of the deposit policy of Ukrainian banks in wartime is a strategically important task for ensuring the banking system's stability, maintaining public confidence, and developing the economy as a whole. Purpose: substantiation of methodical approaches to assessing the deposit policy of commercial banks of Ukraine in martial law conditions. Methods. In the research process, the following general scientific methods of knowledge were used, such as: generalization and comparison (to compare the existing methods of assessing the effectiveness of the deposit policy of banks and to determine the most optimal one in modern conditions), analysis (to study changes in the structure of the deposit portfolio of Ukrainian banks and the directions of investing the funds involved in conditions of martial law) statistical method (when calculating indicators of the efficiency of the deposit policy of the Oschadbank). Results. The article summarizes methodical approaches to assessing the deposit policy of commercial banks of Ukraine in martial law conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods are analyzed. The expediency of using the evaluation methodology, which takes into account the structure of the involved resources and the directions of using deposit resources, is justified. The effectiveness of the deposit policy of the state bank Oschadbank in 2021-2023 is assessed. Conclusions. From the point of view of the profitability of using borrowed funds, Oschadbank's deposit policy is effective, however, the need for its improvement is indicated by: a decrease in the proportion of term resources, the allocation of the majority of borrowed funds to the government bonds and deposit certificates, which negatively affect the activation of lending to the economy.

The potential of trade and economic cooperation between Brazil and the Samara region based on the integration of exports and imports

Purpose: is to reveal the potential for strengthening trade and economic cooperation between the Samara region and the Brazilian States by identifying the regional needs of the latter in non-energy goods.Methods:the article applies the statistical method of structural and dynamic analysis, calculates the index of complementarity, and adapts the Balassa index and the export potential.Results: the essence of the potential of trade and economic cooperation is revealed and the connection between the coupling of commodity flows with the non-energy potential of the region is shown. The authors identified the most active the Brazilian States and import-intensive groups of goods in trade with the Russian Federation. The Brazilian States with high potential for expanding supplies of non-energy products that can become centers of attraction in foreign trade for Russian regions were identified. Estimated values of export potential volumes, which expand the possibilities of trade and economic cooperation between the Samara region and the Brazilian States, are presented, and the conditions of export supplies are determined.Сonclusions and Relevance: the scale of coupling of commodity flows with trade partners is the basis for the formation and realization of export potential of countries and their regions. Despite the sanctions, Russian-Brazilian cooperation has reached the level of strategic partnership, almost all the Brazilian States import Russian products, many of them increase imports. It has been established that the main channels of supply of Russian products to the Brazilian market are concentrated in the port Brazil States, traditionally the most open for trade cooperation with the countries of the world. Despite the fact that the processes of product diversification in mutual trade are developing slowly, the strategic partnership allows building long-term plans for further trade cooperation by expanding trade of the Samara region with the Brazilian States with a high share of dependence on imports of non-energy goods, which the Russian region specializes in producing. The complementarity index confirmed the complementarity of commodity flows between the Samara Region and a number of the Brazilian States. In the conditions of reorientation of export flows, the opportunities of the Samara region lie in the expansion of trade in food products, chemical industry, electrical and mechanical engineering products.

Временная перспектива личности как ресурс преодоления кризиса идентичности на различных этапах жизнеосуществления

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Investigating the role of personality's time perspective in overcoming the identity crisis and determining its potential as a resource of personal growth at different stages of life realization. <br><strong>Background. </strong>The growth of identity crisis manifestations in modern conditions determines the necessity to search for new directions of psychological work on its prevention and effective resolution. The available theoretical data on the presence of interrelation between temporal and identification characteristics allows to consider the content features of personality's time perspective as a resource for overcoming the identity crisis. <br><strong>Study design. </strong>A set of diagnostic techniques aimed at studying the features of a personality's time perspective and the specifics of the manifestations of experiencing identity crises allowed us to collect data on samples formed in accordance with age periods. The primary data were subjected to a comparative analysis of the average values for the studied characteristics and a comparison of the features of the correlation relationships between the indicators of the time perspective and the identity crisis. Later, using the regression analysis of the analysis, the assumption was confirmed about the influence of time perspective indicators on the level of experiencing an identity crisis in the selected age groups. Also, using regression analysis, the hypothesis was tested that the variability of the time perspective in different age groups is conditioned by indicators of stress in crisis areas of life realization. <br><strong>Participants. </strong>The study involved 139 people aged 16 to 55 years. The total sample was divided into groups according to age periods: older adolescence (15-17 years, 38 people), adolescence (18-22 years, 47 people), early adulthood (23-29 years, 26 people), maturity/late adulthood (30-55 years, 28 people). All groups were equalized by gender. <br><strong>Measurements. </strong>Zimbardo's ZTPI time perspective methodology (modified by A. Syrtsova, E.T. Sokolova, O.V. Mitina); “Crisis Identity Questionnaire” by N.V. Dmitrieva and N.A. Samoilik; questionnaire of crisis events and experiences by V.R. Manukyan; methodology for the study of professional identity and personal identity by L.B. Schneider. The methods of statistical analysis (correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal–Wallis test, regression analysis) were used in the processing of the obtained data. <br><strong>Results. </strong>Belief in a just world increases political trust; belief in a dangerous world reduces it. Political trust positively predicts readiness to participate in various forms of normative political activity. The presence of cross-cultural differences in the characteristics of the model between the Russian and Ukrainian samples is established. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Content characteristics of the personality's time perspective are an important potential resource for overcoming the identity crisis. It has selective significance at different stages of life realization determining the age-specific features of a possible “therapeutic target” within the framework of psychological influence.</p>

Understanding the independent samples t test in nursing research.

Critical thinking is required for successful nursing outcomes. For evidence-based practice, there is a need to understand and apply quantitative methods of research and statistical analysis in order to obtain evidence. However, the literature shows that the use of quantitative methods among nurse researchers can be problematic. This article aims to enhance understanding and implementation of one of the most frequently used statistical tests, the independent samples t-test, with the use of a nursing practice example. Guidance for the most used statistical software for social sciences (SPSS) and graphical representations are provided.

Classifying and Characterising Unmet Integrated Care Needs of Older Adults With Multimorbidity: A Latent Profile Analysis.

To classify the unmet integrated care needs of older adults with multimorbidity and to explore the factors associated with different categories of unmet integrated care needs among the target population. A cross-sectional survey using the statistical method of latent profile analysis. From July 2022 to March 2023, 397 older adults with multimorbidity, aged 60 years or older, were recruited from one primary healthcare setting and from four secondary and tertiary hospitals to participate in face-to-face questionnaire surveys. The questionnaire used in this study to assess unmet integrated care needs among older adults with multimorbidity was self-designed through a series of steps, including a scoping review, expert consultation and cognitive interviews. Latent profile analysis was applied to uncover distinct profiles of unmet integrated care needs, and multinomial logistic regression was employed to explore whether the profiles were further distinguished by participants' sociodemographic and health-related covariates. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS v.29.0 and Mplus v.8.0. The optimal solution was a four-profile model, characterised by high unmet integration needs, high unmet system integration needs, low unmet system integration needs and low unmet integration needs, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression results indicated that profile differences were associated with place of residence, number of coresidents and the presence or absence of complex multimorbidity. The integrated care needs of older adults with multimorbidity have not yet been fully met. Classifying and characterising unmet integrated care needs profiles is a crucial step in the rational allocation of integrated care resources. This study was reported based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) for cross-sectional studies. All participants were older adults with multimorbidity, and they were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time.

Revealing the rural multifunctionality declining and its causes in depopulated regions of Northeast China: a case study of Heilongjiang Province

As the main form of global rural decline, the impact of rural population loss on the overall level and trend of rural multifunction is still unclear. Thus, it is crucial to reveal the characteristics and influencing factors of rural multifunction changes in depopulation areas which is important to actively deal with depopulation and promote sustainable development in rural areas. Based on an evaluation of rural multifunctionality from 2000 to 2020, the spatial statistical analysis method and a geographical model were used to reveal the declining characteristics of rural multifunction in the depopulation area, as well as the effects of the influencing factors in the whole region and under various population size areas. The results show that demographic changes had a significant impact on rural multifunction development. Compared to areas with population growth, the weakening of rural multifunctionality was more likely to occur in counties with depopulation. The negative impact of population shrinkage on rural multifunction development was shown in our results as an inverted “U” shape. In the process of demographic shrinkage, the dominant factors affecting rural multifunctionality in the whole region tended to be diversified, but the population urbanization rate was always the main factor. Among regions with different population sizes, natural factors played important roles in the development of rural multifunction, and depopulation enhanced the impact of economic factors. The interaction effect of natural, social, and economic factors was stronger than that of a single factor in rural multifunction. In the process of depopulation, the interaction effect was more and more polarized. The interaction effect of economic and natural factors enhanced, but which was the most stable in mid-population-size areas. Thus, to alleviate rural decline and realize rural revitalization, the trend of demographic change should be given attention to keep a moderate population size, as well as we should actively deal with the impact of population shrinkage on rural multifunction according to different stages of population shrinkage.

International digital project for psychological mutual aid of students from Russia and Kazakhstan

Introduction. The challenges of the modern world require university graduates to possess not only professional skills, but also the skills to preserve their mental health, manage emotions to control their reactions to stress and make informed decisions. Taking care of mental health also contributes to increased productivity and performance. The task of universities is to train young professionals who are able not only to assimilate knowledge and develop competencies, but also to maintain a high degree of efficiency and adaptability. The purpose of the article is to describe the implementation of the international project on psychological mutual aid of university students in Russia and Kazakhstan and to analyze the results obtained. Materials and methods. 127 students of Petrozavodsk State University and Eurasian National University participated in this project. Comparative data analysis, formalized questionnaire surveys of open and closed type, self-assessment and methods of statistical analysis were used as research methods. Research results. Joint work on the project allowed to realize positive dynamics in the development of cognitive and autopsychic components of psychological competence of students of two universities. Similarities and differences in their awareness of the degree of importance of psychological problems were revealed. The target indicators of the experimental groups were statistically significantly higher in their understanding of the seriousness of problems and necessary steps to overcome stress, panic attacks and anxiety (t emp_PetrSU – 9.73, t emp_ENU – 2.82604602), various psychological dependencies (t emp_PetrSU – 5,12, t emp_ENU – 4,48), problems in relations with parents (to a greater extent among PetrSU students, t emp_PetrSU – 10,76, t emp_ENU – 10,02), problems with self-esteem and dissatisfaction with their appearance (t emp_PetrSU – 10,51, t emp_ENU – 4,93). Project participants realized the necessary algorithm of actions in the situation of abusive parent-child relationships (t emp_PetrSU – 9.993, t emp_ENU – 6.17), as well as bullying (t emp_PetrSU – 9.73, t emp_ENU – 5.33). A significant result of the project was the creation of a website. Discussion and Conclusion. The integration of the interdisciplinary project aimed at the maintaining the psychological health of students in order to form their psychological competence into the content of foreign language teaching at the university has confirmed its effectiveness. Recommendations for the dissemination of this experience in the organization of training of students of technical and natural science directions of training are offered

The role of criminal liability for illegal possession of a vehicle

The aim of the study is to analyse the impact of criminal liability on the prevention of and counteraction to illegal acts. The article identifies legal problems and challenges associated with the application of criminal liability for the type of offences under research. The work employs the methods of legal audit, comparative and statistical analysis, research of the case law and court decisions in the EU countries. The results of the study demonstrate that the strengthening of criminal liability helps to reduce the number of cases of illegal possession of a vehicle and increase citizens’ legal awareness. The article defines the principles of legality, humanity, and justice in accordance with the introduction of criminal liability, and offers recommendations for its improvement. Special attention is paid to the development of measures for increasing the effectiveness of law enforcement in the Eastern European countries. The study also explores the role of public awareness campaigns in reducing instances of illegal vehicle possession and fostering a culture of lawfulness. It highlights the importance of integrating technological advancements into preventive strategies, such as vehicle tracking systems and digital reporting platforms. Additionally, the article examines the correlation between the severity of penalties and the recidivism rates, proposing adjustments to sentencing policies to balance deterrence and rehabilitation. The practical significance of the study is to identify opportunities for improving legal regulation and to make proposals for authorities and interested parties in order to optimize criminal legal processes. Further research should be focused on finding effective means of regulating legal liability and improving rehabilitation programmes to reduce crime rates

The moderating role of sales managers’ political skill in lessening the impact of bottom-line mentality on emotional exhaustion of salespeople

Purpose This study aims to analyze the impact of the bottom-line mentality (BLM) of sales managers on the emotional exhaustion of salespeople, and also examines its subsequent impact on the affective organizational commitment of salespeople. This research also analyzes whether the effect of the BLM of sales managers on the emotional exhaustion of salespeople could be lessened when the sales managers exhibit political skill. Design/methodology/approach This research used self-administered paper questionnaires to collect multisource survey data from 245 salespeople and their sales managers working at 50 export firms in Thailand. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used as the method for statistical data analysis. Findings This research obtains evidence to support the impact that the perceived BLM of sales managers has on the emotional exhaustion of salespeople, which in turn lowers the affective organizational commitment of salespeople. Moreover, the evidence also supported the moderating effect of sales managers’ political skill which lessens the impact of perceived BLM on the emotional exhaustion of salespeople. Social implications While the focus on the bottom line is crucial for firms, management must be sensitive toward the psychological impacts it might potentially have on employees in the long run. To achieve sustainable development, the management should not prioritize financial objectives over the well-being of its employees, as this could potentially undermine employees’ commitment to the organization and ultimately affect overall productivity. Originality/value This study helps scholars gain more understanding about the role of the political skill of the manager that could interact with their BLM to minimize its negative impact on employees’ emotional exhaustion.

The Impact of Marketing Tools on the Recyclables Circulation in the Circular Economy

Increasing the efficiency of the recyclables circulation is a generally recognized necessity in view of the worsening of environmental problems. In this context, marketing plays an important role as an effective stimulus for the transition to a circular economy. The aim of the study is to determine marketing tools capable of influencing the improvement of the efficiency of the recyclables circulation, in accordance with the determined aspects of green growth. The work used the methods of correlation, regression, and statistical analysis, as well as case studies. The conducted research proved the correlation between the waste recycling rate and all dimensions of green growth. These include increasing the efficiency of resource use, protecting natural capital, developing a green economy, and increasing social inclusion. The regression analysis, where the level of waste recycling was the dependent variable, found a statistically significant effect of social inclusion. This gave grounds to propose a list of marketing tools that could be useful for increasing the efficiency of the recyclables circulation for each of the studied aspects of green growth. This can be useful for developing strategies and approaches depending on specific needs. It is appropriate to use marketing tools determined for this specific direction (information campaigns, etc.), in particular, in case of insufficient efficiency of the recyclables circulation caused by a low level of social inclusion.

Working Poverty in Kazakhstan: Causes and Solutions

Objective: To consider the causes, consequences and possible solutions to the problem of working poverty in Kazakhstan. Methods: The paper uses methods of statistical data processing, dynamic and structural analysis, and comparative analysis. Results: Working poverty in Kazakhstan means that people, having jobs, cannot provide basic needs due to low wages, unstable employment and limited access to social guarantees. The main causes of working poverty include low wages in some industries with low labor productivity, a relatively high proportion of informal employment in some industries and regions, and uneven economic, infrastructural and demographic development of the country's regions. Conclusions: The analysis of statistical data on the incomes of the population in Kazakhstan shows that the problem of working poverty has a multi-layered character and requires an integrated approach to solve it. It is necessary to regularly monitor data, develop and implement measures aimed at increasing wages, combating informal employment and improving the level of education and vocational training, and stimulating economic growth in regions with high levels of poverty. This approach will significantly reduce the level of working poverty and improve the quality of life of working citizens in Kazakhstan.

Metric tools for assessing the socio-economic development of the region: Methodology and modeling

Subject. The article deals with methodology for determining the assessment of socio-economic development of the region. Objectives. The purpose is to substantiate the applicability of "human potential" interpretation for regional studies of the socio-economic state of the region, test the conceptual approach to assessing the integral indicator of the human potential of regions of the Siberian Federal District as an assessment tool. Methods. The study employs the statistical analysis method and the index method. Results. We obtained indicators for assessing the potential of the population, employment, standard of living, production, innovation; calculated an integral indicator of human potential for all subjects of the Siberian Federal District and for District as a whole. The analysis showed that in 2020–2022 there was a decrease in the potentials’ values, which in the future may negatively affect the economic development of the territory. Conclusions. When devising qualitatively new solutions for territory development, it is crucial to provide for the placement of new productive forces, creation of new logistic schemes, growth of household incomes, and improvement of investment climate in the regions of the Siberian Federal District.

Demographic Aspects of Sustainable Development of a Territory with a Special Economic Status on the Example of the Chuvash Republic

The relevance of the study is related to the need to assess the impact of environmental factors on the prospects for sustainable development of territories with a special economic status. Demographic status and development are important factors influencing the sustainable development of territories. The purpose of the study is to assess demographic trends affecting the sustainable development of a territory with a special economic status on the example of the Chuvash Republic. Materials and methods. Methods of statistical and comparative data analysis were used in the research process. The sources of information were data from the Federal State Statistics Service. Research results. Based on Rosstat data, the analysis of the demographic situation in the Chuvash Republic in 2014–2023 was carried out. The population of the Chuvash Republic was revealed to tend to decrease: over the past 10 years, the population decreased by 63.4 thousand people. In the general population structure, the rural population is declining at a higher rate than the urban population. Over the past 10 years, the birth rate has been declining. If in 2014 there were 14 births per 1,000 people, then in 2023 this number was only 8.1. Despite the fact that the death rate of the population of the Chuvash Republic has tended to decrease over the past 10 years, it is still higher than the birth rate. As a result, the birth rate in Chuvashia cannot ensure the reproduction of the population. The cost structure, as an indicator reflecting the purchasing power of the population, indicates an increase in the share of food expenditures. This confirms the decrease in the purchasing power of the population, which negatively affects the birth rate in the Chuvash Republic. The presented data indicate a migration outflow of the population. The demographic situation in the municipalities of Chuvashia is different, and when choosing demographic policy instruments, it is necessary to take this into account and specify it at the level of individual municipalities of the Chuvash Republic. Conclusions. Current demographic situation is largely influenced by economic factors. The main problems of sustainable development of the Chuvash Republic, as a territory with a special economic status, are the outflow of population from rural areas, a decrease in the purchasing power of the population, as well as migration outflow of the population. The results of the study can be used by the authorities in the development of programs and national projects aimed at solving demographic problems.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ОСВОБОЖДЕНИЯ ОТ УГОЛОВНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ И НАКАЗАНИЯ В СВЯЗИ С ПРИЗЫВОМ НА ВОЕННУЮ СЛУЖБУ ЛИБО ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕМ КОНТРАКТА О ПРОХОЖДЕНИИ ВОЕННОЙ СЛУЖБЫ

Introduction: this article examines the legislative regulation of exemption from criminal liability and punishment in relation to conscription or the conclusion of a contract for military service. This article analyses certain aspects of the application of the provisions of criminal and criminal procedure law regulating the aforementioned sphere of legal relations. Materials and Methods: in the course of this study, the fundamental scientific methods were employed with the objective of examining the extant legislation that regulates the grounds and procedure for exemption from criminal liability and punishment. However, the methods of statistical and systematic analysis of law enforcement practice in the field under consideration demonstrated the greatest efficacy. Results: the results of this study demonstrate that the primary provisions of the recently introduced criminal and criminal procedure legislation, which establish the grounds and procedure for exemption from criminal liability and punishment in connection with conscription, were duly considered. This study analyses certain aspects of the legislative process aimed at formulating appropriate changes in legislation. This study presents an assessment of the potential socio-legal implications of amending the criminal and criminal procedure legislation. Discussion and Conclusions: the findings of this research lead to the conclusion that there is a need to maintain a balance between the interests of societal security and those of the state in the formation of criminal policy in relation to persons accused or convicted of committing serious or especially serious crimes. It is further highlighted that the legitimate interests of victims of crimes must be taken into account when constructing norms on exemption from criminal liability.

Применение технологий BigData для оптимизации производственных процессов в горнодобывающей промышленности России: анализ внедрения и эффективности

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of using the BigData technologies to optimize production processes in the Russian mining industry during the period from 2015 to 2024. The main trends and areas of the BigData application, technical and organizational solutions used, barriers and economic effects of their implementation are investigated using an extensive empirical base, including company data, industry surveys and expert assessments. An interdisciplinary approach was applied that combines the methods of statistical analysis, case studies, expert interviews and economic and mathematical modeling. The key success factors of the BigData projects in various segments of the mining industry were identified, and the drivers and barriers of digital transformation of the industry were determined. It is shown that implementation of the BigData leads to a significant increase in productivity, cost reduction and improved safety of mining operations. Recommendations on spreading the best practices were developed and promising directions of the BigData development were justified in conditions of import substitution and transition to Industry 4.0. The results of the study are of high value for the academic community, public policy in the field of digitalization and management practices of mining companies.

Risk assessment for the population consuming soybeans grown with the use of pesticides in the chemical plant protection system

the use of pesticides in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine is an essential condition for obtaining high yields and is the most common means of protecting agricultural crops. The issue of the impact of pesticide combinations when they are used in chemical plant protection systems remains relevant. The work aimed to assess the risk to the population consuming soybeans grown with the application of pesticides in the chemical plant protection system, predict the danger of their impact, and reduce the pesticide load on the population. We use methods of in-field hygienic observation, mathematical modelling, chromatography, calculation, and statistical analysis in the work. The obtained results of mathematical modelling showed that in the soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine, sedaxan, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M, promethrin, and diquat are degraded with half-lives (τ50) <5 days and pertain to low-stable compounds, lambda-cyhalothrin was degraded in soya plants with τ50 in the range of 15-30 days, which indicates the persistency of the compound; abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and pydiflumetofen were degraded in soya plants with τ50 in the range of 5-14 days, which indicates moderate persistency according to State Sanitary Norms and Rules 8.8.1.002-98. Findings showed that the majority of the studied active substances, according to the integral indicator of hazard when consuming foodstuffs (IIHCF), pertain to class 4 (low risk), except for abamectin, lambda-cyhalothrin and difenoconazole, which pertain to moderately hazardous compounds (class 3). The calculated total cumulative risk of exposure to residual quantities of active substances when using the Vibrance mixed pesticide is 1.13% of fludioxonil ADI, Ampligo – 0.38% of lambda-cyhalothrin ADI, Amistar Gold – 1.32% of difenoconazole ADI and Miravis Duo – 1.09% of difenoconazole ADI. Calculating the combined effect of all components in the chemical protection system of soya plants showed that the total hazard of exposure to active substance residual quantities (sedaxan, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M, promethrin, abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, pydiflumetofen, and diquat) when using Vibrance, Gezagard, Vertimek, Ampligo, Amistar Gold, Miravis Duo, and Reglon Forte pesticides is 15.1% of abamectin ADI. Findings showed that the combined effect of pesticides (as components of the soya chemical protection system) on humans is within acceptable limits. The medical and sanitary standards for safe application (preharvest intervals for soybeans) are substantiated: for the Vibrance and Gezagard preparations – not required, Reglon Forte – 6 days, Amistar Gold, Ampligo, Miravis Duo, and Vertimek – 30 days.

Factors affecting farmers’ decision to join coffee producer cooperatives to improve their welfare

Purpose. The aim of this research is to evaluate the farmer characteristics, knowledge, social and economic factors that influence the decision to join a cooperative, as well as its impact on farmers’ welfare. By identifying factors that affect farmers’ decision making, agricultural policies especially regarding cooperatives, will be optimised for development. Methodology / approach. This study was conducted at a Coffee Farmer Producer Cooperative in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 70 respondents from all members of the cooperative. The collection of data was done through the distribution of questionnaires, and the data were analysed using a statistical analysis method, namely Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling with the software SmartPLS4.0. Results. Research found that agricultural policies implemented through corporate farming in the form of cooperatives improves the quality and capabilities of members, provides production capacity, and increases production, processing, and marketing. Furthermore, the result of the analysis proves that farmer characteristics, knowledge, social and economic factors have a positive and significant impact on the decision to join a cooperative, as well as a positive and significant impact on farmers’ welfare. The indicators with the strongest correlation with farmers’ characteristics are farming experience and age. The indicators that are most closely related to knowledge are the purpose and functions of the cooperative. The indicators that are most strongly linked to social factors are group support and sources of information, and to economic indicators are the availability of infrastructure and production capacity. Thus, the decision to join a cooperative has a positive impact on improving farmers’ welfare. Originality / scientific novelty. This study highlights comprehensive aspect of farmers’ decision to join cooperatives that has not been adequately studied in previous research. This study presents a new perspective that enriches the discussion in previous studies that only focused on the impacts of cooperative on farmers’ welfare without exploring the factors that influence it. Practical value / implications. The results of this study indicate recommendations for the stakeholders especially the government, to support the development of farmers’ institutions in order to optimally empower farmers. The government is supposed to take concrete steps by facilitating education about cooperatives, simplifying administrative processes, and improving infrastructure to encourage farmers to join cooperatives, and ultimately improve their welfare.

АВТОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ ПЕРЕВОЗОК С РАСШИРЕННЫМ КОНТУРОМ АНАЛИТИКИ ДАННЫХ

A new hybrid approach has been proposed to automate the management of complex technological processes at railway stations of industrial transport using intelligent monitoring technologies. This approach is based on the concept of predictive modeling combined with methods of statistical analysis, including a modification of the principal components analysis method for multivariate statistical analysis and the identification of violations in technological processes using a combination of well-known methods such as contribution analysis and fuzzy dynamic analysis. The principal feature of the hybrid approach is mapping the initial space of numerical parameters of the technological process onto a new space formed by fuzzy rules of an evolving system model. Applying multivariate analysis to new system variables using the principal component method allows for the formation of a few intermediate variables with different degrees of granularity and interpretability, describing the behavior of the controlled process, which makes it possible to develop mathematical models and algorithms for solving various monitoring tasks An example of using this approach for post-processing monitoring data to identify performance discrepancies in a marshalling yard and anomalies in the controlled process is considered.

Measuring and Forecasting the Development Concept of the “Green” Macrosystem Using Data Analysis Technologies

A research framework is formed by the semantics of the “green” macrosystem, supported by a methodological approach, data analysis, and forecasting, with a focus on the dynamics of transition to a qualitatively new state. The purpose of the work is to develop conceptual provisions and methodological tools for assessing the implementation of the concept of a “green” macrosystem. Applying methods of system analysis, content analysis, formalization, statistical analysis (technologies of knowledge discovery in databases and time series analysis), and discriminant analysis contributed to achieving the goal. As a result of the research, the categorical apparatus of a “green” economy was clarified by outlining narrow and broad approaches to defining the “green” macrosystem; the author’s method of assessing the implementation of the concept of the “green” macrosystem was modified by expanding the list of factors of greening the economic system, transforming the condition of the “green” corridor to calculate the developed dynamic coefficient of transition to the concept of the “green” macrosystem (DCGM), and adapting the method to the macrosystem level; the regularities of a transition to the concept of a “green” macrosystem were revealed. The novelty of the study lies in the proposal of an integral DCGM indicator, which avoids the problems of normalization, weighting, and loss of relevant data, incorporates the determinants of the “green” economy (natural resources and pollution), and relies on available data. The formulated provisions develop the theoretical basis on which to transform the macrosystem to the “green” concept and can be taken into account in the implementation’s framework of strategic planning documents for the greening of production and economic systems.

Conscious and Correct Use of Biostatistical Methods in Medical Researches: From Planning to Reporting the Results - Part II

In this part of the review, statistical tests utilized to examine hypotheses regarding population parameters on a representative sample, which forms the fundamentals of inferential statistics are discussed. The selection of an appropriate statistical test by verifying its assumptions and interpreting the results objectively is crucial for obtaining accurate conclusions. Understanding the terms related to type I and type II errors, p-value, power of the study, effect size, and confidence interval will contribute to the correct interpretation of both the results obtained from statistical tests in scientific research and the findings of articles read from the literature. In addition to univariate tests, the three most commonly employed multiple regression models are also addressed to control for the effect of potential confounding factors and other independent variables utilized in the study. Statistical computing has become much more accessible in recent times, with researchers having access to freeware packages or web applications to perform basic and advanced statistical analyses. Researchers frequently focus on the calculation of statistical tests used in data analysis, whereas, understanding the rationale behind statistical methods should be the primary goal. Therefore, this review emphasizes the logic of selecting appropriate statistical methods and interpreting the results rather than mathematical calculations. It is essential to recognize that biostatistical principles should be considered not only in the data analysis phase but also in all phases of research, from planning to report writing. It should be note that, no statistical analysis method can correct erroneous data obtained from a poorly designed study.