Analysis Procedure Research Articles

Meander Structure Analysis Techniques Using Artificial Neural Networks

Typically, analyses of meander structures (MSs) for transfer characteristics are conducted using specialized commercial software based on numerical methods. However, these methods can be time-consuming, particularly when a researcher is seeking to perform a preliminary study of the designed structures. This study aims to explore the application of neural networks in the design and analysis of meander structures. Three different feedforward neural network (FFNN), time delay neural network (TDNN), and convolutional neural network (CNN) techniques were investigated for the analysis and design of the meander structures in this article. The geometric dimensions or top-view images of 369 different meander structures were used for training an FFNN, TDNN, and CNN. The investigated networks were designed to predict such electrodynamic parameters as the delay time (td), reflection coefficient (S11), and transmission coefficient (S21) in the 0–10 GHz frequency band. A sufficiently low mean absolute error (MAE) was achieved with all three methods for the analysis of MSs. Using an FFNN, the characteristic td was predicted with a 3.3 ps average MAE. The characteristic S21 was predicted with a 0.64 dB average MAE, and S11 was predicted with a 2.47 dB average MAE. The TDNN allowed the average MAEs to be reduced to 0.9 ps, 0.11 dB, and 1.63 dB, respectively. Using a CNN, the average MAEs were 27.5 ps, 0.44 dB, and 1.36 dB, respectively. The use of neural networks has allowed accelerating the analysis procedure from approximately 120 min on average to less than 5 min.

Novel eco-friendly spectrophotometric determination of lercanidipine hydrochloride in tablets using methyl red

The aim of the work was to develop a simple, eco-friendly, quick, affordable and alternative spectrophotometric procedure that uses the azodye methyl red (MR) for the determination of lercanidipine in its dosage form considering the “green” chemistry principles. Materials and methods. Analytical equipment: Shimadzu UV-1800 double beam UV-visible spectrophotometer (Japan) with included UV-Probe 2.70 software, RAD WAG AS 200/C precise analytical balance (Poland), Elmasonic EASY 40H ultrasonic bath. Lercanidipine hydrochloride (purity 99 %) was purchased from Jiyan Chemicals (India). Lercanidipine tablets 10 mg and 20 mg were used in our experiments. Results and discussion. To determine the amount of lercanidipine in tablets, a spectrophotometric method has been developed. To select the best dye for the method development, we tested a variety of dyes, including MR, bromocresol purple, bromophenol blue, cresol red, bromocresol green and bromothymol blue. We selected MR as the reagent based on the experimental studies' outcomes, and the solvent was an acetonitrile and ethanol mixture with a ratio of 95 to 5. The optimal parameters were determined for the quantitation of lercanidipine in tablets utilizing MR with 5×10-5 mol/L of dye concentration, 0.5 ml of MR solution, at a temperature of 25 °C without heating; detection wavelength was 498 nm and reaction time of 5 min. By using the molar ratios (saturation) method and Job's (continuous variations) approach, the stoichiometric coefficients of reacting components involving lercanidipine and dye were established to be 1:1. The proposed spectrophotometric procedure was linear within the concentration ranging from 6.48 – 32.41 μg/mL. Using the least squares method, a regression equation was generated: y = 0.0208x – 0.0318. The correlation coefficient was higher than 0.999, indicating that the analytical procedures' linearity is acceptable; the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 1.19 μg/mL and 3.62 μg/mL, respectively. The robustness, accuracy and precision of the study results fell within acceptable limits. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the content of lercanidipine in its tablet dosage forms. The analysis of the method's "greenness" using AGREE and GAPI tools yielded excellent results. Conclusions. The method that has been developed can serve as an alternative approach for the routine control of lercanidipine content in its tablets

A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE ERRORS IN MALAYSIAN LEARNERS’ ENGLISH WRITING

In mastering the English language, learners need to be able to comply with its grammatical rules. Most previous corpus-based studies about learners’ grammar errors have examined the non-Malaysian context. Therefore, the overarching aim of this study is to investigate simple past tense errors in Malaysian English as a Second Language (ESL) secondary school learners’ writing. Employing a corpus-based error analysis approach, it specifically intends to identify the types of simple past tense errors in Malaysian ESL secondary school learners’ writing and the frequency of simple past tense errors in Malaysian ESL secondary school learners’ writing. To this end, the English of Malaysian School Students (EMAS) corpus, in particular the sub-corpus of Malaysian learners’ narrative essays was analysed based on two main frameworks. The Error Analysis Framework was adapted for the error analysis procedure, while the Surface Strategy Taxonomy Framework was used for the classification of types of errors. Online corpus tools such as Part-Of-Speech (POS) the Constituent Likelihood Automatic Word-Tagging System (CLAWS) and Antconc version 3.5.8 were employed as the instruments of the study. The findings of the study showed that there are three types of simple past tense errors in the learners’ writing, namely Error of Omission, Error of Addition and Error of Misformation. Misformation is the most popular type of simple past tense error committed by the learners. The findings of the study would be useful for the Malaysian context of ESL learners’ curriculum design and pedagogy.

호텔 조직의 Y세대와 Z세대 간 세대갈등 및 관계회복의 의미

The purpose of this study is to unveil the meanings of generational conflict and relationship recovery experiences between Gen Y and Gen Z hotel employees. To this end, this study adopted the phenomenological research method of Giorgi (1985) to answer the following research questions: 1) What are the meanings of their generational conflict experiences at hotels? 2) What are the meanings of their relationship recovery experiences at hotels? The data were collected through in-depth interviews of those working at domestic hotels for at least a year. The data analysis followed an advanced five-step analysis procedure of Giorgi et al. (2017). The results revealed 12 themes, 43 meaning units, and 388 meaningful statements. First, the themes of Gen Y’s generational conflict experiences were ‘Gen Z has a free spirit’, ‘the different levels of passions and professionalism in the service field’, and ‘loneliness that no one recognizes.’ Second, the themes of Gen Z’s generational conflict experiences were ‘Gen Y are young boomers’, ‘feeling frustrated by demands for excessive service mind’, and ‘painful emotions that make me cry but hold back tears.’ Third, the themes of Gen Y’s relationship recovery experiences were ‘relationship recovery is an extension of work,' ‘I’m holding back because Gen Z is still young’, and ‘I try my best but cannot embrace everything.’ Fourth, the themes of Gen Z’s relationship recovery experiences were ‘relationship recovery is an essential choice,' ‘I was at a loss, but I felt reassured and calm’, and ‘efforts to approach first are a self-growth opportunity.’ This study provides fundamental data and in-depth insights into Gen Y and Gen Z hotel employees by exploring the meanings of their generational conflict and relationship recovery experiences.

Parametric Study on the Buckling of Unbraced Steel Frames under Fire Situation

A parametric investigation of several unbraced steel frames with regular and irregular geometry subjected to elevated temperatures is carried out in this study to determine the most accurate procedure and buckling lengths to be considered during the structural design under a fire situation. In such conditions, the stiffness and strength of steel decrease considerably due to high temperatures, and uncertainty remains in the application of the fire design rules of Eurocode 3 Part 1-2 (EN 1993-1-2) for unbraced frames as no information is given regarding the treatment of the deformed geometry (the so-called second-order effects). More precisely, it is unclear in the norm whether the verification based on the buckling length concept could be used or if a second-order analysis to calculate the internal forces is sufficient to ensure the stability of the frame in case of fire. Based on the linear buckling analysis of the steel frames accounting for the temperature development during a fire, recommendations for the appropriate buckling lengths to be used are given. Finally, it is demonstrated that using the recommended buckling lengths together with the design rules of EN 1993-1-2 leads to results in favor of safety when compared to the results obtained with the finite element method. On the other hand, it is concluded that using second-order internal forces and the real length of the columns as the buckling length, as suggested for room temperature design, yielded results outside safety when compared with the finite element method, and this analysis and verification procedure should not be used for the case of fire.

Ultrafast Modulations in Stellar, Solar and Galactic Spectra: Dark Matter and Numerical Ghosts, Stellar Flares and SETI

Background: - From new results presented in the literature we discuss the hypothesis, presented in an our previous work, that the ultrafast periodic spectral modulations at fS=0.607±0.08 THz found in the spectra of 236 stars of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) were due to oscillations induced by dark matter (DM) cores in their centers that behave as oscillating boson stars. Two other frequencies were found by Borra in the redshift-corrected SDSS galactic spectra, f1,G=9.71−0.19+0.20 THz and f2,G=9.17−0.16+0.18 THz; the latter was then shown by Hippke to be a spurious frequency introduced by the data analysis procedure. Results: - Within the experimental errors, the frequency f1,G is the beating of the two frequencies, the spurious one, f2,G and fS that was also independently detected in a real solar spectrum, but not in the Kurucz’s artificial solar spectrum by Hippke, suggesting that fS could actually be a real frequency. Independent SETI observations by Isaacson et al., taken at different epochs, of four of these 236 stars could not confirm with high confidence - without completely excluding - the presence of fS in their power spectra and with the same power initially observed. Instead, the radio SETI deep-learning analysis with artificial intelligence (AI) gave an indirect confirmation of the presence of fS through the detection of a narrowband Doppler drifting of the observed radio signals in two stars, over a sample of 7 with a high S/N. These two stars belong to the set of the 236 SDSS stars. Numerical simulations confirm that this drifting can be due to frequency and phase modulation in time of the observed frequencies (1.3–1.7 GHz) with fS. Conclusions: - Assuming the DM hypothesis, the upper mass limit of the axion-like DM particle is ma≃2.4×103μeV, in agreement with the results from the gamma ray burst GRB221009A, laser interferometry experiments, suggesting new physics with additional axion-like particle fields for the muon g-2 anomaly.

Marketing Strategy and Business Performance in Facing Competition in the Fitness Services Business

The main aim of this research is to analyze how marketing strategies influence customer satisfaction, loyalty and business growth as well as business performance in facing competition in the fitness services business at the Bagas Fitness Center which is located in Rejosari Hamlet, Tinggar Village, Bandar Kedungmulyo District, Jombang Regency. Qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach, data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with fitness owners and parties involved in managing the Bagas Fitness Center business, documentation and direct observation of interactions with customers and analysis of internal documents related to marketing strategies. This research model uses a simple design. with Triangulation Theory. The data analysis technique used is the Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP). The research method used is a qualitative case study, with data collection carried out through in-depth interviews with Bagas Fitness Center management and staff, as well as content analysis of the social media platforms used. Relevant findings related to marketing strategy and business performance. The research results show that Customers Orientation as a promotional tool is able to increase the visibility of Bagas Fitness Center, increase customer engagement, and strengthen their brand image in the local market. Deep understanding of customer needs, preferences and behavior as the main basis for designing products, services and marketing strategies. By being customer-oriented, companies are not only able to increase customer satisfaction and maintain a strong customer base, but can also create significant competitive differentiation in the market.

Approaches and challenges in whole-nanoparticle refinements from neutron total-scattering data

This study considers critical data reduction steps and data analysis approaches required to determine explicitly the atomic arrangements in nanoparticles from time-of-flight neutron total scattering. A practical procedure is described for removing parasitic backgrounds caused by the incoherent scattering of hydrogen inevitably present in most nanoparticle samples and normalizing the recovered coherent scattering intensities onto an absolute scale. A model-free analysis is presented of a pair-distribution function derived from total scattering that can be used to determine thermal expansion coefficients and particle sizes directly from experimental data without knowledge of the material's structure. Finally, atomistic whole-nanoparticle refinements of yttrium-doped ceria nanoparticles from neutron total-scattering data are demonstrated using the reverse Monte Carlo method implemented in the RMCProfile software. These results reveal a strong dependence of the cation–oxygen and oxygen–oxygen distances on the coordination numbers, which leads to gradients of these distances near the particle surface. The details are dependent on the surface coverage by ligands and adsorbates and on the structure of grain boundaries in nanocrystalline agglomerates. The refined models confirm the expectations of more substantial disorder at particle surfaces, with a distorted surface layer extending over several coordination shells. The results highlight the feasibility of whole-nanoparticle refinements from neutron data, calling for further development of data reduction and analysis procedures.

Capturing the perspectives of African American informal dementia caregivers: a phenomenological study

ABSTRACT Dementia can be overwhelming to families and their caregivers. Informal caregiving is a widespread mode of providing dementia care in African American communities, yet impact of caregiving on informal or family caregivers in African American communities is burdensome. This study aimed to describe the lived experiences of informal caregivers of African American People Living with Dementia (PLWD) to understand their perceptions of dementia and dementia care, caregiver support needs, and service needs. Interpretive phenomenological qualitative inquiry guided this study to understand caregivers’ experiences and needs. Ten family caregivers of African American PLWD in the community participated in this study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and a diary study approach to document and interpret caregivers’ experiences. The data analysis was based on procedures of content analysis. Four major themes emerged from the in-depth interviews: caregiver burden, familism, lack of information and community-based resources, and desire and need for culturally appropriate community-based resources. Triangulated diary entry data complemented the in-depth interviews with similar themes. This study highlights how African American informal caregivers of PLWD face various caregiving needs and challenges in dementia care including lack of culturally appropriate community resources and information. The study illustrates that African American cultural beliefs of familism are significant aspects of their caregiving experience and their coping strategies. These study results provide a useful foundation for various stakeholders to develop culturally targeted interventions and programs to support African American informal caregivers and their family members with dementia.

LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE OF GRADE SIX STUDENTS:BASIS FOR LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR INTERMEDIATE LEARNERS

This study seeks answer to the level of linguistic competence of the intermediate students. Eventually, from the findings drawn out of the study a Language Development Program will be designed and proposed. This study employed the non-experimental descriptive survey research design in investigating the research problem. It is descriptive because the data are presented in quantitative descriptions on the “Linguistic Competence of Grade Six Students: Basis for Language Development Program for Intermediate Learners. According to Good (2005), this method of research shows merely description of tasks presenting the conditions regarding the nature of the group of persons or class of events that involved procedure of analysis, classification, and measurement. It involves varied information regarding the current or present condition (Deauna, 2005). This study will be conducted in Sulop Central Elementary School. The respondents in this study are the 185 intermediate students of the research locale. The respondents will answer a researcher made assessment test on their oral and written communication skills. This study makes use of the universal sampling procedure considering the manageable number of respondents in the research locale. This study revealed that the intermediate students are struggling in their linguistic competence. This means that a development program should be developed to address their linguistic competence in order for them to be performing in English and other subject areas where English is the medium of instruction. KEYWORDS: linguistic competence, grade six students, basis for language development program, intermediate learners

IMPLEMENTATION OF 8-WEEK READING PROGRAM FOR STRUGGLING READERS: BASIS FOR ENHANCED SCHOOL REMEDIATION PROGRAM

This study seeks to determine the effect of Implementing the 8-week Reading Program on the Struggling Learners: Basis for Enhanced Remediation Program. This study employed the non-experimental descriptive survey research design in investigating the research problem. It is descriptive because the data are presented in quantitative descriptions on the “Implementation of 8-week Reading Program for Struggling Readers: Basis for Enhanced School Reading Program. According to Good (2023), this method of research shows merely description of tasks presenting the conditions regarding the nature of the group of persons or class of events that involved procedure of analysis, classification, and measurement. It involves varied information regarding the current or present condition (Deauna, 2022). This study will be conducted in Almendras Elementary School. The respondents in this study are the 150 struggling learners of the research locale. The respondents will answer a researcher made assessment test on reading comprehension. This study makes use of the universal sampling procedure considering the manageable number of respondents in the research locale. This revealed that learners’ level in majority of the least mastered competency in reading is at Approaching competency except for giving judgment where they are at developing level. Therefore, it is concluded that the current reading program should be enhanced giving more focus on giving judgment. KEYWORDS: implementation of 8-week reading program, struggling readers, basis for enhanced school remediation program

Sapporo: A workflow execution service that encourages the reuse of workflows in various languages in bioinformatics.

The increased demand for efficient computation in data analysis encourages researchers in biomedical science to use workflow systems. Workflow systems, or so-called workflow languages, are used for the description and execution of a set of data analysis steps. Workflow systems increase the productivity of researchers, specifically in fields that use high-throughput DNA sequencing applications, where scalable computation is required. As systems have improved the portability of data analysis workflows, research communities are able to share workflows to reduce the cost of building ordinary analysis procedures. However, having multiple workflow systems in a research field has resulted in the distribution of efforts across different workflow system communities. As each workflow system has its unique characteristics, it is not feasible to learn every single system in order to use publicly shared workflows. Thus, we developed Sapporo, an application to provide a unified layer of workflow execution upon the differences of various workflow systems. Sapporo has two components: an application programming interface (API) that receives the request of a workflow run and a browser-based client for the API. The API follows the Workflow Execution Service API standard proposed by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health. The current implementation supports the execution of workflows in four languages: Common Workflow Language, Workflow Description Language, Snakemake, and Nextflow. With its extensible and scalable design, Sapporo can support the research community in utilizing valuable resources for data analysis.

The Road to Legitimate Engagement for Social Media Influencers Followers

The purpose of this study is to reveal the role of social media influencers, especially @chintakharisma and @anone033, in promoting products and institutions on the TikTok platform. By focusing on content strategy, direct interaction with followers, and its effect on consumer behavior, this study highlights the significant contribution of influencers in digital marketing. Using qualitative research with a cyber phenomenology approach. This research model uses a simple design with Triangulation Theory. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP). The findings show that the use of value-based content, responsiveness to questions and feedback, and strong community development can increase follower engagement and support the success of marketing campaigns. The practical and theoretical applications of this study are outlined, providing guidance for digital marketing researchers and directions for further research in this domain.

Validation of the Miniaturized Spectrophotometric Determination of Organic Carbon and Phosphorus in Soils

ABSTRACT The developments and innovations in green miniaturized technologies suggest that a complete miniature approach (MA) to determine organic carbon (OC) and phosphorus (P) in soils may enable handling a large number of samples. In comparison to the conventional approach (CA), this approach also reduces waste generation and analysis costs. Here we have miniaturized all the steps of the conventional analytical procedures for OC and P analysis and carried out an in-depth validation of MA on various aspects, including linearity, biases, precision, inaccuracy, and imprecision. This rigorous assessment aimed to delineate the effect of miniaturization on the quality of determination along with its associated benefits and limitations. The findings revealed a strong correlation between the MA and CA in the OC test, indicating an R2 >0.84, with the Deming regression producing a model equation demonstrating a highly significant slope and an intercept closely approximating zero. Similarly, the p values obtained by MA and CA exhibited a correlation with an R2 > 0.99, alongside the Deming regression displaying a minimal intercept and a slope approaching one. The Bland–Altman analysis indicated a mean bias of 0.01 (95% CI, −0.51 to 0.54) for OC values and −1.7 (95% CI, −9.04 to 5.57) for p values. This cross-validation study highlights the applicability and limitations of the MA in estimating OC and P levels across a diverse range of soils.

Green method by National Environmental Methods Index and Eco-Scale Assessment for evaluation of gatifloxacin-based product by HPLC.

The literature reveals gaps in the availability of green analytical methods for assessing products containing gatifloxacin (GFX), a fluoroquinolone. Presently, method development is supported by tools such as the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI) and Eco-Scale Assessment (ESA), which offer objective insights into the environmental friendliness of analytical procedures. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a green method by the NEMI and ESA to quantify GFX in eye drops using HPLC. The method utilized a C8 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm), with a mobile phase of purified water containing 2% acetic acid and ethanol (70:30, v/v). The injection volume was 10 μL and the flow rate was 0.7 mL/min in isocratic mode at 25°C, with detection performed at 292 nm. The method demonstrated linearity in the range of 2-20 μg/mL, and precision at intra-day (relative standard deviation [RSD] 1.44%), inter-day (RSD 3.45%), and inter-analyst (RSD 2.04%) levels. It was selective regarding the adjuvants of the final product (eye drops) and under forced degradation conditions. The method was accurate (recovery 101.07%) and robust. The retention time for GFX was approximately 3.5 min. The greenness of the method, as evaluated by the NEMI, showed four green quadrants, and by ESA, it achieved a score of 88.

Temporal analysis of cryopreservation effects on human sperm phospholipase C zeta expression profile: Laboratory preliminary findings

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the sperm parameters and sperm phospholipase C zeta (PLC ζ) expression profile before and after vitrification. Materials and Methods: Pre-vitrification and post-vitrification analysis of semen samples of 14 infertile men was carried out for sperm parameters such as motility, vitality, and morphology by standard semen analysis procedures, whereas the proportion of sperms exhibiting PLC ζ and its localization pattern was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. The temporal analysis was done thrice: over 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months of cryostorage. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism version 8.0.1 (San Diego, California, USA). Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Parametric or non-parametric tests were employed for comparisons according to the normality of data distribution and the available data set. P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Vitrification was found to be associated with a decrease in the percentage of sperm motility (P ≤ 0.0001), vitality (P ≤ 0.0001), spermatozoa exhibiting normal morphology (P > 0.05), and PLC ζ protein (P > 0.05), however, the latter two, only, insignificantly. There was increased dominance in the post-acrosomal localization of PLC ζ after vitrification (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: The post-acrosomal localization of PLC ζ has been reported to have the highest positive correlation with oocyte fertilization and the present study showed the predominant pattern of the same. The implications for quality maintenance for long storage periods can be suggested as better sperm quality was observed at 3 months of storage during this study. This raises the hypothesis that the vitrification method of sperm cryopreservation may be the method of choice for routine clinical use in the assisted reproductive technology settings.

Spectral analysis of three hot subdwarf stars: EC 11481-2303, Feige 110, and PG 0909+276: A critical oscillator-strength evaluation for iron-group elements

For the precise spectral analysis of hot stars, advanced stellar-atmosphere models that consider deviations from the local thermodynamic equilibrium are mandatory. This requires accurate atomic data to calculate all transition rates and occupation numbers for atomic levels in the considered model atoms, not only for a few prominent lines exhibited in an observation. The critical evaluation of atomic data is a challenge because it requires precise laboratory measurements. Ultraviolet spectroscopy of hot stars with high resolving power provide such ``laboratory'' spectra. We compare observed, isolated lines of the iron group (here calcium to nickel) with our synthetic line profiles to judge the accuracy of the respective oscillator strengths. This will verify them or yield individual correction values to improve the spectral analysis, that is the determination of, for example, effective temperature ( and abundances. To minimize the error propagation from uncertainties in surface gravity ($g$), and abundance determination, we start with a precise reanalysis of three hot subdwarf stars, namely and Then, we measure the abundances of the iron-group elements individually. Based on identified, isolated lines of these elements, we compare observation and models to measure their deviation in strength (equivalent width). For and we confirmed the previously determined and values within their error limits. For all three stars, we fine-tuned all metal abundances to achieve the best reproduction of the observation. For more than 450 isolated absorption lines of the iron group, we compared modeled and observed line strengths. Considering the uncertainty of the analysis and evaluation procedure, an upper limit for the uncertainty of the underlying atomic data was established. We selected strong, reliable isolated absorption lines, which we recommend to use as reference lines for abundance determinations in related objects.

Student choice and barriers to physical activity in Latino boys in the REACH after-school program

ABSTRACT Background After-school programs (ASP) provide safe and enjoyable setting for youth to participate in sports and physical activities (PA). The flexibility in the structure of ASPs can facilitate non-traditional approaches to teaching PA which consider the context of the community, students’ backgrounds, and focuses on positive youth development. REACH takes a non-traditional approach that aims to provide youth in under-resourced communities with a safe space for PA and learning through a sport-centered curriculum. Purpose The objective was to highlight the perspectives of Latino boys regarding their lived experiences in an after-school soccer and literacy program in a diverse urban school. The research questions were: (a) what are the lived experiences of young boys in a year-long after-school program in a diverse urban setting? (b) What opportunities did REACH provide that helped the young boys negotiate barriers to being physically active? Method Twenty-three Latino boys participated in the REACH after-school sessions over a school year. Four pre-service teachers facilitated soccer sessions at REACH. Data were collected through boys’ weekly journals across 28 weeks and interviews with ten boys at the end of the year. Coaches’ reflexive journals were used to triangulate the data. Data were independently coded using constant comparison and analyzed following a collaborative qualitative analysis procedure. Trustworthiness included triangulation of data, negative cases checks, multiple coders, and peer-debriefing. Results The results presented in this article are part of a larger year-long mixed-methods curriculum intervention. Two themes are presented to represent the perspectives of the boys in participating in REACH. In the first theme, we discuss student choice that was expressed in the way youth chose to participate in REACH and engage in PA during out-of-school hours. The second theme presents the students’ identifying the barriers they face to being physically active and the ways REACH provided a space for them to reflect on those barriers. Discussion Students’ choice was expressed in participants’ engagement in physical activities and sports in and outside of REACH and as a fundamental aspect that enhanced enjoyment in the program. Thus, participating in the program led students to enhance their physical activity enjoyment in and out of the program as well as learn about life skills through sport. With a focus on positive youth development, discussions and journaling in REACH encouraged the boys to reflect on life skills that focused on character and the development of positive relationships. Participants described varied barriers they faced to being physically active in and out of schools. REACH provided a safe space where participants could talk about and develop awareness about aspects of their community such as violence. Conclusion REACH provided a safe space for students to be active, learn sports skills, and engage in interest-based activities. The safe space provided in REACH also encouraged Latino boys to reflect on the barriers to being physically active outside of the program with the intent of possibly transferring what was learned in the program to their lives. Having a choice was a fundamental aspect to enhancing the boys’ enjoyment in REACH.

Some asymptotic profiles for the viscous Moore-Gibson-Thompson equation in the Lq framework

This manuscript studies some qualitative properties of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the viscous Moore-Gibson-Thompson (MGT) equation. For one thing, by applying the WKB analysis and diagonalization procedure, we derive some Lp−Lq decay estimates and the large time asymptotic profile for a suitable energy term, which provides a new way to treat higher order MGT-type coupled systems. For another, we obtain the global (in time) singular limits in the Lq framework and the higher order asymptotic profile with respect to small thermal relaxation via the multi-scale analysis and the Fourier analysis. Especially, provided the incompatible initial condition between the viscous MGT equation and the strongly damped wave equation, the formation of initial layer is rigorously justified.

ANALYSIS OF MICRO GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE USING MODELLING APPROACH

Micro-gas turbine (MGT) is compact and self-sufficient distributed power generation units that exhibit reliability and has the capability to mitigate carbon monoxide (CO) emissions while conserving energy together with biomass used as a fuel sources. It is expected that they will have a noteworthy impact on securing the provision of upcoming energy resources for isolated areas, disaster condition and off-grid zone regardless of their connection to the power grid. However, the MGT performance using the various fuel still questionable. Databases and procedure of the MGT performance analysis should be established well to understand the overall MGT performance. In this study, MGT performance is determined by utilising the computer aided design (CAD) and solver software such as SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS-FLUENT. CAD drawing is used to design the combustion chamber and simulation performance is visualised in specific inside the combustion chamber (CC) of the MGT. The solver software was employed for the purpose of conducting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. The optimal configuration contained a flame holder with a diameter of 50 millimetres, a chamber height of 60 centimetres, four holes with diameters of 6, 8, and 10 millimetres, and a dead zone separating the combustion and dilution zones. The air inlet boundary conditions were established by utilising the specifications and compressor maps of the Garrett GT25 turbocharger in the simulation. The simulation employed the standard k-ε model of viscous model and energy equation to establish an optimal maximum airflow rate of 0.15 kg/s at a pressure of 1.4 bar, resulting in a compressor efficiency of approximately 70%. Three different fuels, diesel-air, wood-volatiles-air, and coal-hv-volatile, were used to determine the MGT's optimal performance. Successful investigation of this study opts to significant contribution to understand the MGT performance thus, give the awareness to choose as one of the alternative power generations which can be used in the future.