Water Quality Analysis Research Articles

Experimental study on the application of nanofiltration concentrated water in the preparation of burning-free bricks

ABSTRACT The realization of zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater has become a major trend in the environmental protection of power plants. After the desulfurization wastewater is treated by the nanofiltration process, a certain amount of nanofiltration concentrated water will be produced. Based on the water quality and quantity analysis of nanofiltration concentrate, this study proposes to apply nanofiltration concentrate to the preparation of free-sintering brick to realize the resource utilization of nanofiltration concentrate. The results show that the optimal ratio of the cement-to slag ratio ratio is 1:0.8, the 28d strength of the solidified body is 18.64MPa, the water absorption rate is 15.9%, and the water-soluble chloride ion content is 4.8%. In order to further optimize the production technology to improve the performance of the curing body, the later experiments optimized the curing formulation with the water-reducing agent sodium lignosulfonate as an admixture and obtained the optimal addition ratio of sodium lignosulfonate which was 0.2%. Finally, an economic evaluation was conducted and the use of nanofiltration concentrate for the preparation of free sintering brick could bring considerable economic benefits to the power plant while achieving the purpose of reducing environmental pollution and reducing the investment cost of environmental management.

A comparison of typical ultrafiltration processes in drinking water treatment: Implications for fouling control and disinfection performance

Despite the rapid proliferation of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in drinking water treatment, the long-term operational performance of various hybrid UF processes remains inadequately understood. Herein, three typically applied hybrid UF processes were directly compared on a pilot scale, focusing on effluent quality, fouling control and subsequent disinfection performance. Water quality analysis revealed that the direct UF process exhibited significant removal of high molecular weight and hydrophobicity fractions, while the integration of UF with conventional water treatment processes further enhanced the removal of medium molecular weight and transition fractions, as well as fluorescent organic matter. The augmentation of pretreatment processes resulted in the hybrid UF process featuring enhanced anti-fouling properties, characterized by decreased reversible and irreversible resistances under the constant flux condition. This improvement was attributed to reduced interaction between the membrane and foulants. Furthermore, the subsequent disinfection performance of hybrid UF processes was evaluated using chlorine and chlorine dioxide as disinfectants. The chlorine decay rate and disinfection by-product formation indicated that chlorine dioxide was more suitable for the UF process, whereas chlorine was better for the hybrid UF process with low organic matter content in the effluent. These comprehensive comparisons offer valuable insights for making informed decisions in adopting suitable hybrid UF processes for practical water treatment applications.

Water quality assessment in relation to fish assemblage using multivariate analysis in Manasbal Lake, Kashmir

ABSTRACT Water is necessary for the survival of any living being on this planet and in today’s world, it has become a limiting resource because of anthropogenic pressures like pollution, climate change, overexploitation etc. To maintain the water bodies in a proper condition from time to time, analysis of the water quality is highly recommended. So an attempt was made to have a detailed analysis of the surface water quality of the deepest freshwater lake in India, the Manasbal Lake, and to know the impact of these parameters on the distribution of fish fauna in the lake. The different physicochemical aspects of the lake were analyzed spatially and seasonally for a period of two years. The results from the principal component analysis revealed that the main parameters affecting the water quality in Manasbal Lake include total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total phosphorus, nitrates, pH, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity. The study also reported a similarity in physicochemical aspects as well as the type of fish fauna from Sites-I and Site-III. Overall the physicochemical aspects were seen to impact the distribution of different fish species in the lake as reported from the canonical correspondence and cluster analysis. pH and nitrates were found to impact the distribution of fish species like Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Schizothorax niger and S. curvifrons whereas the main parameters affecting the distribution of Pethia conchonius, Crossocheilus diplochilus and Gambusia holbrooki were dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and water temperature. The overall water quality of the lake is good for the proper growth and survival of the fish species and also for domestic purposes. This study will be very helpful to form baseline information for future research, as very scanty information is available related to such work.

Simulation and optimisation of magnetic and experimental study of magnetic field coupling constructed wetland

ABSTRACT This study developed a novel constructed wetland (CW) coupled with a magnetic field for treating domestic wastewater, and the magnetic field distribution was solved and optimised by the finite element method. Herein, we investigated the effects of optimising magnetic field optimisation and studied its impact on CW treatment performance and the responses of a microbial community. The optimisation results showed that the average magnetic field strength of the CW unit increases from 3 to 8 mT, and the proportion of areas with magnetic field strength greater than 5 mT also increases from 30% to 74%. The water quality analysis results showed that the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4 +-N (p < 0.01) was significantly increased by the magnetic field (average 3 mT), increasing by 12.2% and 8.49%, respectively. Moreover, the removal of COD and NH4 +-N (p < 0.01) was more significantly increased by M-VFCW(O) (average 8 mT), increasing by 15.58% and 49.1%, respectively. The magnetic field application shifted significantly the abundance of dominant bacteria in CWs. Relative abundance of dominant bacteria such as Proteobacteria (63.3%), Firmicutes (4.72%) and Actinobacteria (2.11%) that played an important role in organics removal and nitrification and denitrification-related bacteria such as Nitrospirae (1.48%) and Planctomycetes (9.58%) significantly promoted in M-VFCW(O). These results suggest that introducing a magnetic field into CWs may improve organics and nitrogen removal via the biological process, and the optimisation of the magnetic field was significant in enhancing the performance of VFCWs.

Water Quality Analysis and Water Pollution Effect from Upstream to Downstream of Brantas River - East Java

Brantas River is the largest river in East Java, flowing from the city of Batu upstream until downstream in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. This river plays a crucial role as a vital natural resource that supports the various needs of the surrounding communities. This study serves as a preliminary investigation with the primary aim of assessing the water quality in three different zones of the Brantas River: the upper, middle, and downstream sites. Additionally, this research includes a review to identify the organisms exposed to water pollution in the Brantas River. The study was conducted from November 2020 to April 2023, utilizing an exploratory observational method at 19 observation stations. The data obtained was subsequently analyzed using a descriptive approach. Various parameters were observed, including pH (a measure of acidity or alkalinity), hardness (the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions), alkalinity (the capacity of water to neutralize acids), nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, and heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe). The research findings indicate that in several upstream areas of the Brantas River, there were elevated hardness, nitrate, lead (Pb), and iron (Fe) that exceeded the established water quality standards. In the middle section of the river, water quality was generally satisfactory, although a few locations exhibited slightly elevated levels of lead (Pb). Meanwhile, all locations downstream of the Brantas River demonstrated water quality that exceeded the prescribed standards. After a literature review, it was discovered that various biota in the Brantas River have been exposed to pollutants, including fish species and plants like Ipomea aquatica and Eichhornia crassipes. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to improve water management and monitoring plants and biota in the Brantas River to preserve organisms in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

A potential solution for clean water supply: multi-effect solar still and water quality analysis

Abstract Access to clean and safe drinking water is a significant challenge for individuals residing in suburban and remote regions of Pakistan. This study aimed to design, fabricate, and test a multi-effect solar still with four U-shaped condensing stages as a low-cost solution to this problem. The solar still was evaluated for its efficacy in removing common pollutants found in contaminated water sources. The results revealed an impressive 99% efficacy in eliminating various water pollutants, including conductivity, total hardness, pH, fluoride, and nitrate using the solar still. Water quality tests conducted for conductivity, total hardness, pH, fluoride, and nitrate revealed complete elimination of these parameters in most samples. Microbiological pollutants were also assessed through the presence/absence tests for fecal coliform and Escherichia coli, showing no presence in the distillate. In addition, the solar still effectively removed organic parameters, including alachlor, lindane, and endrin, within acceptable international standards. Thus, the proposed solar still has the potential to serve as an alternate method for producing safe drinking water in areas where access to clean potable water is limited. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in addressing water scarcity in remote and suburban areas of Pakistan.

KAJIAN DAYA TAMPUNG BEBAN PENCEMAR SUNGAI CIUJUNG KABUPATEN SERANG PROVINSI BANTEN

This Final research was conducted in Ciujung River where this research was conducted in Serang Regency with its head in Nagara Village, Serang Regency, and downstream in Tirtayasa Village, Serang Regency. The research was conducted for 3 months from October – December 2022 starting from 09.00 – 12.00 and continuing from 12.00 – 13.45. The purpose of the study is to identify and determine the sources of pollution that have the potential to pollute the Ciujung River, analyze water quality, water quality status, and pollutant levels in the Ciujung River, and analyze the carrying capacity of polluter loads in the Ciujung River. And analyze the burden of pollutants in the Ciujung River. The length of the Ciujung River studied is 31.3 km. The parameters used for this study are pH, Temperature, DO, BOD, COD, Nitrate, Phosphate, and Total Coliform. The method used in identifying the source of pollution contained in the Ciujung River is carried out by conducting field observations and taking samples of Ciujung River water. Sampling in the Ciujung River was carried out by the grab sampling method. which is done at 6 sampling points. Analysis of river water quality was carried out at the Trisakti University Laboratory. The results of the analysis are then compared with the quality standards of PP No. 22 of 2021 in Attachment VI. Water Quality Status is calculated by the Polluter Index method. Nonpoint sources of pollution are dominated by residential areas, stalls, garbage, shops, mosques/prayer rooms, schools, and markets. Point sources of pollution are obtained from industrial areas. Measurement of river characteristics is carried out in October, November, and December by measuring distance, width, depth, cross-sectional area of the river, river speed, and river discharge. The results of the analysis of water quality in the river stated that for phosphate parameters almost all exceeded quality standards due to domestic waste from the environment, the runoff of agricultural fertilizers, livestock waste, and very high industrial activities. The BOD parameters at point 2 and point 5 exceed the quality standards due to the content of organic waste. The load capacity of BOD pollutants is 3.64 kg/day – 20.20 kg/day, COD is 42.63 kg/day – 144.22 kg/day, Nitrate is 1.67 kg/day – 3.47 kg/day, Phosphate 0.79 kg/day – 3.11 kg/day, Total Coliform is 8694.19 kg/day – 33042.56 kg/day. BOD Pollution Load of 314.26 kg/day- 1744.99 kg/day COD of 2365.46 kg/day - 12460.37 kg/day Nitrate of 144.55 kg/day- 423.16 kg/day Phosphate of Total Coliform of 454133.37 kg/day – 2854876.86 kg/day.

Assessment of physico chemical characteristics and plankton diversity of Anchuthengu lake ecosystem, Thiruvananthapuram district – South India

Water is the most widespread substance found in the natural environment; liquid, solid and invisible vapour. Fresh water is a crucial resource for human life and natural systems. The quality of water is usually described according to its physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Rapid industrialization and use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture are causing heavy and varied pollution in aquatic environments leading to the deterioration in water quality and aquatic biota. Planktons are taxonomically diverse, composed of plants, animals, bacteria and viruses. Globally the biomasses of phytoplankton and zooplankton are about equal, although the doubling time of zooplankton is considerably longer than for phytoplankton. The present investigation was carried out to assess the water quality and plankton diversity in Anchuthengu lake, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Analysis of water quality was done with respect to eleven important physicochemical parameters like air and surface water temperature, pH, TDS, salinity, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, free CO2, DO and BOD. Conductivity shows high positive correlation with alkalinity and hardness. Alkalinity is positively correlated with hardness. The aquatic flora and fauna in the lake may grow well because the DO value in the current study was over 5 mg/L, and the BOD value also indicates that the lake is less contaminated.. The dominated plankton species identified in the present study were Spirogyra, Chlorella, Navicula, Pinnularia, Oscillatoria, Closterium, Cosmerium.

Groundwater Assessment in Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques, WQI, and HPI

We conducted a study to assess the variations in groundwater quality and metal pollution and identify the sources in the U S Nagar district of Uttarakhand state of India using multivariate statistical techniques. The two essential indicators of any developed society are Safe drinking water and decontamination. This research aims to undertake drinking water quality analyses of the groundwater and the sources of contamination in Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand. We produced results of 250 samples collected from hand pumps (Govt. and Private) and artesian wells. We measured 19 parameters which nine physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, oxidation and reduction potential, salinity, fluoride, chloride, nitrate), 7 Heavy metals (Lead, nickel, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc) along with three metals (potassium, magnesium, sodium). Water quality index, Heavy metal pollution index, PCA (Principal component analysis)/FA (factor analysis), and CA (Cluster analysis) methods were applied. WQI index shows five samples (2 %) comes under the excellent, 211 samples (84.4 %) fall under good quality, and 34 samples (13.6 %) have poor water quality wqi status as per Yadav index. Further, referring to the Ramakrishnaiah index, 216 samples (86.4 %) fall under excellent quality and only 13 samples (13.6 %) come under good water quality. For HPI, as per Indian Standard, nearly 40.4% of samples show a low degree of pollution, 33.2% of samples show a medium degree of pollution, and 26.4% show a High degree of pollution. According to the International HPI standard, 46% of samples show a low degree of pollution, 38% have a medium degree, and 16% show a high-grade degree of pollution. The results of PCA show that groundwater has mainly geogenic (geochemical alteration and weathering of source rock like carbonate, dolomite, quartzite, etc.) followed by anthropogenic sources (agrogenic, domestic sewage and industrial wastes etc.). The results obtained through the PCA are also moderately supported by Cluster analysis. The cations which were over the limit in groundwater samples are presented in chronological order Fe &gt; Pb &gt; Ni &gt; Mg &gt; Mn &gt; Zn &gt; Cu, and significant anions were over the limit F¯ &gt; Cl¯, and the rest was under the limit. The highly heavy metal-contaminated drinking groundwater sample, being used for drinking purpose, is deteriorating and need a proper treatment strategy before domestic water supply.

Status Trofik Perairan Danau Laguna, Kota Ternate Selatan, Maluku Utara

Water quality and trophic status of waters play an important role in aquaculture activities because they will affect the growth process of cultivated fish, if the water quality and trophic status are low then they can support aquaculture activities in the waters of Laguna Lake, South Ternate City. The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality and trophic status in the waters of Laguna Lake in supporting and supporting freshwater aquaculture activities. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, the results of air analysis are described based on Class and Water Quality Standards, while the trophic status is estimated based on Carlson, 1977. The results of the analysis show that the water quality in Laguna Lake is still in accordance with Class II Quality Standards. PP No. 22 of 2021, while the trophic level status in Laguna Lake is also classified in the oligotrophic category, namely TSI &lt;40, TSI in Laguna Lake waters ranges from 20.69-23.28. Based on the results of the analysis of water quality and trophic status, it was found that the waters of Laguna Lake are still good and can support freshwater fish farming activities

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN DANAU SEPUNJUNG DESA RANTAU BARU KECAMATAN PANGKALAN KERINCI KABUPATEN PELALAWAN

Sepunjung Lake is a natural lake located in Rantau Baru Village which is a fishing area for the Rantau Baru community, especially for female fishermen who are widows. However, there is currently a decline in fish catches in Lake Sepunjung. This study was conducted to determine the existing condition of the lake, influencing factors, and formulate a management strategy for Lake Sepunjung. The methods used were field observations, interviews and literature studies. The analysis used included analysis for water quality, descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The results of this study showed that the ecological condition of Lake Sepunjung is still in the good category, social conditions are good by maintaining local wisdom and minimal conflict, while economic conditions are still relatively low due to the low income of Rantau Baru fishermen. The resulting strategy is the S-O strategy, supporting all strengths and utilizing existing opportunities, by: (1) Establishing Village Regulations in an effort to protect the biophysical quality of lake waters, vegetation cover around the lake, and biodiversity in Lake Sepunjung; (2) Management of ecotourism based on local wisdom; and (3) Development of freshwater fisheries potential.

A Study on Analysis of Water Quality of Two Rivers Ganges and Yamuna

Water is very essential for life existence. About 71% of earth’s surface is occupied by water making it a blue planet. The 97% of the ocean water can’t be used as it has high salt concentration, some is frozen in glaciers/ polar ice caps. Even the distribution of water on earth is uneven at some places there is flood and others drought. Human activities have interfered in the natural renewal of groundwater resulting in water shortage and availability for consumption. The degradable and nonbiodegradable wastes which are discharged openly in water bodies pose severe threat to aquatic life. The article presents a study on on quarterly changes in water parameters including temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity, conductance, total dissolved solids, hardness, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved organic matter, BOD in the water of river Ganges and Yamuna. The results showed rising trend in the levels of these parameters over the years. The results show increase in levels of CO2 , hardness, total dissolved solid, pH and BOD during the months of April to September. The levels of nitrate and phosphate were detected in trace amounts. The chloride level of Yamuna was high as compared to that of Ganges. The drop in alkalinity during monsoon months may be due to increased dilution and disappearance of CO2 . The studies made in water of river Ganges and Yamuna has shown that the river is under severe threat of pollution due to the discharge of untreated or semi treated sewage and industrial effluents.

Phytoplankton analysis and assessment of reservoir water quality at Rena Medium Reservoir, Godavari Basin, India

Phytoplankton analysis and assessment of reservoir water quality at Rena Medium Reservoir, Godavari Basin, India

Madirda Lake Ecotourism Management Strategy Based on Water Quality Analysis

Madirda lake is located in Berjo village, Ngargoyoso, Central Java. The utilization of Madirda lake is relatively low although it is continuing to increase every year example for tourism, irrigation and anthropogenic activity. It affects the water quality and also impacts on population. Water quality analysis is needed to find out the quality of water, in this research used three parameters: physical (temperature, TDS and TSS), chemical (DO and pH), and biological (coliform). The result of the research shows that the quality of Madirda lake based on the water Pollution Index (IP) and STORET methods is in compliance with the class I water quality standard, which can be used as a benchmark for drinking water and/or other uses when the same function requires water quality based on water quality standards by the Law Ministry of Environmental No. 22 year 2021. These methods are easy technique and useful for representing the water quality data.

WATER QUALITY INDEX PREDICTION

Water is perhaps the most precious natural resource after air. Though the surface of the earth mostly consists of water, only a small part of it is usable, which makes this resource limited. This Precious and limited resource, therefore, must be used with care. As water is required for different purposes, the suitability of it must be checked before use. Also, sources of water must be monitored regularly to determine whether they are in sound health or not. Poor condition of water bodies are not only the indicator of environmental degradation, it is also a threat to the ecosystem. In industries improper quality of water may cause hazards and severe economic loss. Thus, the quality of water is very important in both environmental and economic aspects. Thus, water quality analysis is essential for using it for any purpose. After years of research, water quality analysis now consists of some standard protocols. There are guidelines for sampling, preservation and analysis of the samples. Here the standard chain of action is discussed briefly so that it may be useful to the analysts and researchers.

Greater Glasgow pond amphibian surveys 2022

In 2019, Clyde Amphibian and Reptile Group (CARG) decided to organise a spring 2020 common frogspawn (Rana temporaria) survey of the Greater Glasgow area, Scotland. The COVID-19 lockdown postponed this project until 2022. The 2022 survey area was spread across four council districts: Glasgow City, South Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire and East Renfrewshire. The primary aim of the surveys was to collect records of amphibian breeding throughout the Greater Glasgow Area, with secondary aims of: (1) revisiting the ponds to see if the ponds supported the spawn through to tadpole and froglet stages; (2) assessing the condition of the ponds for amphibians; (3) identifying areas for habitat enhancement work; and (4) collecting data on breeding common toads (Bufo bufo) and newts (Lissotriton, Ichthyosaura and Triturus spp.). A total of 45 volunteers participated in the surveys. Surveys were completed between March and May 2022, with a primary focus between March and April in order to capture frog spawning data. Surveyors were asked to record amphibian population data, and habitat data in order to estimate Habitat Suitability Indices. In total 162 ponds were surveyed, with evidence of breeding common frogs found in 66.1% of ponds with 11,478 frogspawn clumps counted on the first set of surveys. Only 12.2% of ponds were found to contain common toads, and small newts (Lissotriton spp.) were identified in only 7.4% of ponds. In relation to the quality of breeding habitat, 24.5% of ponds were assessed as drying out annually, which significantly reduces the suitability of these ponds for breeding. This figure is predicted to increase with anthropogenic climate change reducing the number of breeding ponds available to amphibians in the absence of intervention. Furthermore, the majority of the ponds surveyed were assessed as offering poor or below average suitability for great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) and nearly half of the ponds surveyed were found to have poor or bad water quality, which can increase stress levels for larval amphibians and may adversely affect mortality levels. However, as the analysis of water quality was subjective, these findings should be treated with caution.

Analysis of water quality from boreholes within Africa University, Mutasa district, Zimbabwe

Analysis of water quality from boreholes within Africa University, Mutasa district, Zimbabwe

Analyzing the influence of parameters on water quality using logistic regression

This article explores the application of machine learning techniques to analyze and evaluate water quality. In particular, the article focuses on the use of logistic regression to identify and analyze key parameters affecting the potability of water. The application of logistic regression in water quality analysis not only allows us to build models for prediction, but also to formulate recommendations for improving water treatment and monitoring processes. As a result, the resulting data and models can be used to develop strategies to provide safe drinking water, which is important for the health and well-being of the community. Thus, the article proposes a modern approach to analyzing water quality using logistic regression, which allows for a deeper understanding of the relationships between water parameters and its potability, as well as the development of effective methods for water quality management.

Synthesis of green fluorescent carbon dots and their application in mercury ion detection.

Green fluorescent carbon dots (GCDs) were synthesized using o-phenylenediamine and ethylenediamine through a one-step hydrothermal method, thereby eliminating the need for further processing. The GCDs exhibited strong green fluorescence that was effectively quenched by Hg2+ and Fe3+, with minimal interference from other metal ions, anions, and small biological molecules. By optimizing the buffer solution, interference from Fe3+ was mitigated, which enhanced the robustness of the GCDs as a fluorescence probe for Hg2+ detection. The detection range for Hg2+ was 0-100 μM, with a detection limit of 300 nM. The quenching mechanism was thoroughly investigated, and the GCDs were successfully applied to detect Hg2+ in real water samples, yielding satisfactory results. This work highlights the potential of GCDs for practical environmental monitoring and water quality analysis.

Humic composites - sorbents for analysis of river water quality

The current state of the problem shows that climate change is accompanied by a certain impact on the basic parameters of human life, among which a special place is occupied by the problem of water resources, their quality, quantity, possibilities of consumption, purification and others. In this regard, much attention is paid to assessing the quality of consumed water, since its use is determined by a number of factors, including: irrational use, pollution (chemical/biological), uneven distribution. A rather complex environmental situation has formed in the Kyrgyz Republic, associated with an increase in the level of man-made pressure on the environment. This influence, in turn, is accompanied by the emergence of new problems of protection and reproduction of geo- and biological resources. To analyze the quality of river water samples of the Alamedin River (spring and autumn samples) were selected, followed by purification with modified humic materials in the form of humic composites containing hybrid nanoparticles of iron oxide and rare earth metals. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of sorption modes on modified humic composites when analyzing water samples from the Alamedin River.