Analysis Of Variance Method Research Articles

Comparison of the effectiveness of self-compassion-based mindfulness package with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy package on emotional in overweight women

Aim: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of self-compassion-based mindfulness package with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy package on emotional eating in overweight women. Method: The current research was practical and semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design along with a follow-up period. Among the overweight women in Isfahan who referred to weight control and weight loss centers and offices in 2019, 45 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the research groups. The research tool was the Van Strien et al Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (1986). Each of the self-compassion-based mindfulness groups by Haji Rostam (2019) and the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group Based on the approach of Teasdale et al (1995) underwent eight treatment sessions, and the control group did not receive any treatment. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and using variance analysis method with repeated measurements. Results: The findings showed that the mindfulness package based on self-compassion and the cognitive therapy package based on mindfulness on the desire to eat (F = 7.15, P = 0.001) and eating behavior (F = 5.74, P = 0.002) have had a lasting positive effect on overweight women. Conclusion: In this way, in order to improve the desire to eat and eating behavior in overweight women, the mindfulness package based on self-compassion and the cognitive therapy package based on mindfulness can be used.

Comparing the effectiveness of teaching cognitive and metacognitive strategies on academic buoyancy

Background and Aim: The present research was designed and implemented to compare the effectiveness of teaching cognitive learning strategies and metacognitive learning strategies on the academic buoyancy of Tehran students in the academic year 2020-21. Methods: The current research was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test along with a control and follow-up group. The research population included students who were studying in Tehran in 2021; A random sampling method was used to select the sample. They were replaced in the test 1 and test 2 groups and the control group. First, the pre-test was performed for all three groups, then one training group was taught cognitive learning strategies and the other experimental group was taught metacognitive learning strategies; However, there was no intervention in the control group, and at the end, a post-test was taken from all three groups. The questionnaire used in the research was the Academic Buoyancy Questionnaire by Martin and Marsh (2008). To analyze the data, the method of mixed variance analysis was used. Results: The interaction of stages with the experimental group was effective in three stages of measurement in academic monitoring (F=8.78, P=0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that according to the average scores of the pre-test and post-test and comparing them with the control group, the academic buoyancy of the students has increased; Also, a follow-up test was taken after one month, in which the post-test changes remained stable and stable.

CAPACITAÇÃO PSICOLÓGICA DE JOGADORES DE FUTEBOL A NÍVEL DE COMPETIÇÃO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Competitive sports compete for technology, tactics and physical fitness. There is also competition for the psychological quality of athletes. There is an intrinsic connection between athletes’ mental state in competition and their psychological characteristics. Objective: Explore the influence of soccer players’ psychological characteristics on the level of competition. Methods: This paper investigates 220 soccer players using a questionnaire. In this database, variance analysis, multiple comparisons, factor analysis and other statistical analysis methods were used to ascertain the psychological status of Chinese soccer players. Finally, the factors affecting the psychological characteristics of soccer players were analyzed. Results: There were differences in the psychological characteristics of soccer players at different positions and levels. Conclusion: There are specific variations in psychological status among different types of players. The factors that influence the anxiety level of soccer players are a multidimensional system. It contains both subjective and objective content. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

River water quality variation and grade characteristic values analysis method based on “hydrological frequency-water quality” fitting curves

River water quality variation and grade characteristic values analysis method based on “hydrological frequency-water quality” fitting curves

Abstract C053: Differences in hallmark gene sets in the Molecular Signatures Database between tumors from African American and White patients

Abstract To improve cancer outcomes, it is of critical importance to understand biological differences in tumors that ultimately accompany progression to a lethal phenotype. Compared to Whites (Ws), African Americans (AAs) suffer from higher mortality rates for some cancer types, such as prostate and breast cancer. The etiology for these cancer disparities includes an array of attributes related to societal, social, lifestyle, environmental, access and individual, ancestry-related differences. A combination of these etiologies can lead to differences in cancer biology and, therefore, differences in mortality. Differential regulation of various cancer-related pathways in tumor cells can contribute to differential mortality and morbidity outcomes, and influence cancer response to treatment. Therefore, we performed pathway analysis using publicly available gene expression datasets to compare the variation in established cancer-related pathways between tumors from AA and W patients. Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) is a widely used database to perform gene enrichment analysis in cancer biology. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets from 18 tumor types and the Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) method, we interrogated MSigDB hallmark gene sets between tumors from AAs and Ws. By comparing the gene set variations in tumors between AAs and Ws, we identified gene sets exhibiting significant (|∆ Z-score| > 2 and p < 0.05) variation by race. For example, our analysis revealed that the variation of 1) MYC targets increases in breast, colon, and uterine cancer from AAs compared to Ws, 2) G2M checkpoint and E2F targets increase in breast and uterine cancer from AAs compared to Ws, and 3) interferon gamma and alpha response and allograft rejection increase in renal clear cell carcinoma from AAs compared to Ws. We also performed survival analysis to identify the MSigDB hallmark gene sets whose variation scores exhibit differential association with overall survival among AA and W patients. Among the gene sets associated differentially by race with overall survival are MYC targets in breast cancer and PI3K AKT MTOR signaling in colon cancer; with variation exhibiting an association with higher overall survival among AA patients compared with W patients. Thus, our analysis reveals how the widely accepted MSigDB hallmark gene sets differ between tumors from AAs and Ws and differentially associate with survival among AA and W patients. The majority of published studies reporting pathways relevant to cancer biology have been based on data from W patients. Therefore, evaluation of hallmark gene sets in cancers from diverse patients has important implications for understanding cancer biology and developing precision medicine interventions. Citation Format: Muthana Al Abo, Daniel J. George, Steven R. Patierno, Jennifer A. Freedman. Differences in hallmark gene sets in the Molecular Signatures Database between tumors from African American and White patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C053.

Креативность и культурная конгруэнтность подростков

Background. The study of cultural congruence as a personality trait responsible for the regulation of adolescent behavior in relation to the rules typical for this age is one of the important tasks for developmental psychology. The range of rules despite its diversity has an invariant series. This invariant part of diversity is specific for each age stage. the contradiction between the need to follow generally accepted rules and conditions for the development of creativity associated with atypical and original products of creative activity makes up the problem of studying cultural congruence of creative teenagers. There is a lack of research on the relationship between two diametrically opposed psychological qualities of adolescents: cultural congruence and creativity. The objective of the study is to analyze the correlation between cultural congruence and creativity; as well as to study the influence of divergent thinking on the cultural congruence in adolescents. Sample. The research was conducted in 4 stages between March 2021 and March 2022 and involved 272 adolescents, ages 13 to 16 (М = 14.21; SD = 1.02), (139 male and 133 female). Students of 7th, 8th, and 9th grades at four lyceums in Kazan took part in the study. Methods. The methods included the test of divergent creative thinking (F. Williams, modified by E.E. Tunik, 2003), the questionnaire to diagnose the level of cultural congruence for adolescents (L.F. Bayanova, O.G. Minyaev, 2016), the test to identify creative abilities (H. Zievert, 1998). The study assessed the following parameters: curiosity, imagination, risk-taking, self-discipline, quick-thinking, divergent thinking, cultural сongruence as the ability to control behavior regarding the rules typical of the social situation of development in adolescence. Mathematical data processing was carried out using methods of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Cheddock scale, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. The research of the indicators of divergent thinking, creative characteristics, and cultural congruence of adolescents concludes that of the variety of dichotomous relations, a significant inverse correlation was found between the structural component of cultural congruence, i.e., “safety” and divergent thinking (confidence level is 95% (p ≤ 0.05; r = –12). It provides a partial confirmation of the hypothesis. The final stage of the research included an analysis of variance using the one-factor ANOVA method. Following the results of the analysis, it was found that the influence of divergent thinking on the cultural congruence of adolescents is not significant. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a weak correlation of the ambivalent factors, i.e., creativity and cultural congruence. The results show an inverse correlation between creativity and the “safety” scale of the method for diagnosing the cultural congruence for adolescents. The revealed ambivalence of the studied indicators distinguishes the nature of correlations, identified previously in the study of behavior regulation and creativity of preschool and primary school children.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Mindfulness Parenting Training Program along with Parent Management Training (Combined Training) with Mindfulness Parenting Training and Parent Management Training alone on Coping Strategies and Marital Satisfaction

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of the mindful parenting training program along with parent management training (combined training) with mindful parenting training and parent management training alone on coping strategies and marital satisfaction in mothers of preschool children. Methods: The current research was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all the mothers of preschool children in Kashmir city in 2019-2020, from which 120 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to four groups include 30 subjects that first group received Mindful Parenting Training and second group received Parent Management Training in 8 sessions 120 to 150 minuties weekley, and last group received Combined Training in 16 sessions 150 minutes, two sessions per week. Control group didn’t recived any program and was wait list. In all three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up, all people completed Enrich's (1989) marital satisfaction questionnaires and Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) coping strategies. Finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis methods with the help of SPSSV19 software. Results: The results showed that none of the educational methods were effective in marital satisfaction (F=0/08, P=0.98). This was despite the fact that in two problem-oriented (F= 6/97, P= 0/0001) and emotion-oriented strategies (F= 8/14, P= 0/001), this amount was significant. This means that in the post-test and follow-up phases, the combined training of parent management and mindful parenting was more effective. Conclusion: The findings of the research show that the combined training of mindful parenting and parenting management training can reduce emotion-oriented strategies and increase problem-oriented strategies, but it has no effect on marital satisfaction, so the awareness of parents, teachers, counselors, psychologists and other professionals about these trainings can be helpful.

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on experiential avoidance and emotional expression of women involved in emotional divorce

Background and Aim: Divorce is one of the most important family traumas that can have vulnerable effects on the individual and the society. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on experiential avoidance and emotional expression of women involved in emotional divorce. Methods: The current research method was conducted as a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design along with a control group with a follow-up period. The statistical population included all the women eligible for emotional divorce in Tehran who referred to the Atiyeh Psychology Clinic in 2022, from which 30 people were selected as available and randomly selected and in the experimental group (15 people) and witnesses (15 people) were replaced. The data were collected using Barati and Sanai's Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (1999), Gutman's Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (2008), Bund et al.'s Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (2007) and King and Emmons' Emotional Expression Questionnaire (1990) in the early stages. The test, post-test and follow-up have been obtained. Cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol was performed in 8 sessions (one session per week) for 90 minutes. To analyze the results, repeated measurement variance analysis method and SPSS.22 software were used. Results: The results indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in reducing experiential avoidance and emotional expression of women involved in emotional divorce, and this effect was permanent until the follow-up period. Conclusion: It can be concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective on experiential avoidance and emotional expression of women involved in emotional divorce and this treatment can be used to reduce the problems of women involved in emotional divorce.

New genetic markers for <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> strains typing

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious infectious disease in humans and animals that may be asymptomatic long-term and quickly develop to pneumonia and septicemia in immunocompromised state and due to predisposing factors. Melioidosis is endemic in countries with tropical and subtropical climates, where B. pseudomallei is a part of the soil and water microbiota of stagnant water bodies, as well as the plant rhizosphere. The recording of imported melioidosis cases in countries with temperate climate zone, along with the continued threat of using this pathogen as a bioterrorism agent, indicate the relevance of research aimed at developing modern methods for its diagnosing and typing. Current research in the intraspecific differentiation of pathogenic strains of infectious diseases tends to use two or more types of molecular markers. A promising direction for the B. pseudomallei strains genotyping is based on using a combination of VNTR loci, which provides a high discriminating ability of the method of multi-locus variable tandem repeat number analysis (MLVA), and slowly evolving single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The aim of this work was to identify new VNTR and SNP loci suitable for use as genetic markers in molecular typing of the melioidosis causative agent. 20 strains of B. pseudomallei from the collection of the Volgograd Plague Control Research Institute and whole genome sequences of 85 B. pseudomallei strains from the GenBank NCBI database were analyzed. While typing melioidosis causative agent strains from the GenBank NCBI database for 4 VNTR loci, 74 genotypes were identified, of which 64 were unique (HunterGaston index 0.997). It was found that the high allelic polymorphism of VNTR loci limited a potential to determine the geographical and phylogenetic relationships of B. pseudomallei isolates by using the MLVA-4 scheme, and the identified null alleles increased the risk of homoplasia. In this regard, the MLVA-4 scheme was supplemented with a VNTR marker in the BPSS1974 locus encoding a collagen-like protein as well as with SNP markers in the genes of lipid A biosynthesis lauroyl acyltransferase, RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoH, and glutamine amidotransferase. For amplification of the select loci, primers and probes were designed as part of the developed scheme, which were tested in the typing of B. pseudomallei collection strains. According to the results of a cluster analysis for 105 strains of the melioidosis causative agent, an integrated approach turned out to be optimal, allowing differentiation of strains within SNP groups based on VNTR profiles. The methodological approach developed for B. pseudomallei genetic typing, based on a comprehensive analysis of 4 SNP- and 5 MLVA-markers in our modification, allowed to differentiate strains according to the geographical regions of their origin and establish the clonal origin of isolates upon revealing cases of melioidosis.

Comparative Characteristics of Quality Parameters of Waters of the Oka River in Places of Water Intake of Utility and Drinking Water System in Ryazan

INTRODUCTION: Surface water sources play an important role in supply of large cities with water. Their waters are subject to anthropogenic pollution with different chemical compounds which may be significant risk factors for the health of the population. The article presents the results of comparative sanitary-hygienic characteristics of the water quality of the Oka river in places of water intake of utility and drinking water supply system of Ryazan. Being the only surface source of water supply, the Oka river provides 53% of the total water consumption of the Ryazan population, therefore a rational choice of the place of water intake can have a considerable impact on the effectiveness of water conditioning and purification and on the final quality of drinking water.
 AIM: To give a comparative sanitary-hygienic characteristic of the water quality of the Oka river in places of the water intake of the utility and drinking water supply system of Ryazan.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative evaluation of the water quality of the Oka river, as a surface source of water supply, was carried out based on the average long-term values of control parameters (organoleptic, microbiological, chemical) and the proportion of samples that do not meet hygienic standards in the sections of three water intakes in Ryazan in 20122019. The average parameters were compared by the method of variance analysis; for paired comparisons, Scheffe and Tamhein criteria were used, taking into account the results of Levene test. The statistical parameters were calculated in SPSS Statistics 19 program.
 RESULTS: The chemical composition of the Oka river water was characterized by the greatest pollution with iron (2+) and aluminum. The water of Oksky and Borkovskoy water intakes was characterized by higher average concentrations of iron (2+) and ammonia, as well as greater contamination with generalized and thermotolerant coliform bacteria, compared with the water of Sokolovsky water intake.
 CONCLUSION: A lower initial quality of the water in Oksky and Borkovskoy water intakes may be due to their location in the 'blind' river course characterized by the processes of eutrophication and slowed down water exchange. High concentrations of iron (2+) may be associated with supply of stream water from the underground sources or with anthropogenic pollution.

Effect of physical exercise on non-linear parameters of heart rate variability in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with autonomic nerve dysfunction. Nonlinear methods of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis have been gaining interest as a method of detecting changes in cardiac autonomic nerve function. Regular practice of physical exercise may cause improvement of this impaired autonomic nerve function. Objectives: To assess the effect of physical exercise on nonlinear measures of HRV analysis in male patients with COPD. Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka in 2018 on 60 diagnosed male COPD patients aged 40-75 years with disease duration of at least 5 years selected from the Department of Respiratory Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka. Thirty patients underwent physical exercise (walking for 30 minute and pursed lip and diaphragmatic breathing 10 minuts)for 3 months in addition to standard treatment. Thirty (30) patients received only standard treatment for 3 months. For comparison, 30 age matched apparently healthy males were also enrolled. HRV data of all patients were recorded before and after 3 months of follow up. HRV data of healthy controls were recorded once at baseline. For assessing autonomic dysfunction, nonlinear parameters of HRV were recorded by Power Lab 8/35. For statistical analysis, paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test were done as applicable. Results: SD1, SD2 and SD1/ SD2 were found significantly lower in COPD patients compared to healthy controls at baseline. After 3 months of physical exercise, significant increment of these parameters occurred with a trend of improvement in cardiac autonomic nerve function in these patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that physical exercise can improve cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction function in COPD patients. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2022, June; 17(1): 6-13

THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE FIRST CALVING COWS OF DIFFERENT CONDITIONS GROWING AND HOUSING

Introduction. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of different conditions of rearing and housing of the first calving cows on their productivity, reproductive capacity and stayability during lactation at the current stage of breeding. Materials and methods of research. The work was carried out based on the data of four breeding plants for the breeding of Ukrainian black and white dairy cows. The data of 3.610 first calving cows that calved during the last six years were analyzed. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by the method of two-factor variance analysis using computer programs. During the analysis, the data were divided by the age of first fertilization and the average daily gain before fertilization. Only animals with a duration of lactation of more than 200 days were selected to determine productivity indicators for lactation. The stayability was determined for the first 10 months of lactation. In determining the probability of abortion and stillbirth, calvings with stillborn calves and abortions after which lactation began are taken into account. Research results. It was established that the live weight of first calving cows, regardless of the housing, increased proportionally to the intensity of their growing. In stall housing, the live weight of first servis that were fertilized at different ages had no significant differences, while in free stall housing, the first calving cows that were inseminated before the age of 470 days had an advantage of 12–19 kg. In terms of milk yield for 305 days of lactation, the first calving cow that were kept tethered and were fertilized at an earlier age exceeded the animals of other groups by 29–148 kg of milk, and those kept without tethering by 564–989 kg. Intensively reared animals produced 244–539 kg of milk more when tethered, and when tethered, this difference was significantly greater and amounted to 530–1081 kg, compared to first calving cow with an increase of less than 800 g. A reading has been established for the trend of increasing the milk yields from the changes in the first fertilization. The intensity of the growth of the heifers before the flooding also has a positive impact on their day milk yield. The probability of unsuccessful calving does not depend on the age of the first insemination in stall housing, but in free housing, animals that were inseminated before 470 days of age had 36–46% more unfavorable results with calving than those that were inseminated in older age The probability of abortion and the birth of a dead calf during stall housing heifers with different intensities of growing before fertilization also had no significant differences, and during free housing heifers with an average daily gain of more than 800 g had 7–9 more cases of unsuccessful calving, calculated on 100 animal compared to heifers with a lower intensity of growing. Conclusions. Increasing the intensity of raising heifers and reducing the age of first insemination contribute to increasing their productivity. It is necessary to carry out constant monitoring of repair youngsters for fatness and to prevent obesity. It leads to a decrease in reproductive capacity, unfavorable calving and, as a result, an increase in the probability of culling in the first lactation, especially in in free housing.

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И СОСТАВ ТРАВОСТОЕВ ПАСТБИЩНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СЕВЕРА РОССИИ

The scientific work presents the results of 2017–2021, obtained at the experimental field of the Northwestern Dairy Farming and Grassland Management Research Institute in the Vologda region, on the influence of purposefully selected species and varieties of cereals and legumes, complementing festulolium and ryegrass, on the productivity and botanical composition of agrophytocenoses of the European North of the Russian Federation. The soil of the experimental site is sod-podzolic, medium cultivated, medium loamy. The scientific experience consists of 10 variants (including a control consisting of fescue, timothy and bluegrass), the repetition is threefold. Observations and records were carried out according to the methods generally accepted in forestry at the V.R. Williams Research Institute of Forage. The processing of yield data will be carried out by the method of variance analysis described in the "Methodology of field experience" by B.A. Dospekhov. It was found that on average, over 4 years of research on cereal grass with the use of fertilizers, productivity was 6.1–7.2 tons of dry weight, the content of feed units was 5.0–5.8 thousand, digestible protein 0.7–0.8 tons, metabolic energy 610–72.0 GJ per hectare. On legumes and cereals grass stands with the inclusion of meadow and creeping clover, the production indicators were: dry the weight is 8.2–8.4 tons, the metabolic energy is 84.8–87.6 GJ, the collection of feed units is 7.1–7.3 thousand and crude protein is 1.1–1.6 tons per hectare.

Physical, Chemical, and Organoleptic Characterization of Beetroot Leather (Beta vulgaris L.) with Additional CMC and Carrageenan

The beetroot leather with CMC (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose) or carrageenan as a binder resulted in beetroot leather with a dense clay texture and a good level of plasticity. Based on the benefits and content of beetroot and the addition of CMC and carrageenan, this research tries to characterize beetroot leather's physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics from various concentrations and types of thickening agents. This study was arranged in RBD (Randomized Block Design) with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. CMC was expressed as factor X and carrageenan as factor Y with each concentration level (0.1%; 0.3%; 0.5%). Beetroot leather was tested physically, chemically, shelf life, and organoleptically. Physical tests include color and texture tests. Chemical tests include moisture, ash, antioxidant capacity, and total sugar. The data from observing physical and chemical properties were processed using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method, further tested using DMRT (α=5%) and organoleptic using the Likert scale. The best treatment was found in X1Y1 (CMC 0.1%), which has good physicochemical content with a hardness level of 173.13g, deformation 2.07mm, dark purplish gray color, moisture content 15.72%, ash content 5.23%, total sugar 67.82%, and antioxidants 42.06%. Beetroot leather is easy to consume and has the best hardness level with a moisture content that is not too high, so it is not easily damaged. The organoleptic test showed that the respondents could not distinguish the five treatments and expressed their liking for all beetroot leather products.Keywords: Beetroot leather, CMC, Carrageenan, Characterization, Organoleptic

Rapid Nondestructive Detection of Chlorophyll Content in Muskmelon Leaves under Different Light Quality Treatments

In order to select the light quality suitable for plant growth, a quantitative detection model of chlorophyll content in muskmelon leaves was established to monitor plant growth quickly and accurately. In the paper, muskmelon “Boyang 91” was used as the experimental material, and six different light proportion treatments were set up. Through measuring plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, nodes, and other growth indicators, in addition to leaf chlorophyll content, the response difference of muskmelon to different light qualities was explored in a plant factory. The hyperspectral imaging technology was used to establish the prediction model for the chlorophyll content of muskmelon. The original spectrum was preprocessed and optimized by five pretreatments, and then the characteristic wavelengths were extracted by six methods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), and convolutional neural network (CNN) were established for optimal feature wavelength. The results showed that the plant height and stem diameter of the T3 treatment were higher than those of other treatments, and their values were 14.48 (cm) and 5.02 (mm), respectively. The chlorophyll content of the T3 treatment was the highest, and its value was 40.16 (mg/g), which was higher than that of other treatments. Through comprehensive analysis, the T3 treatment (light ratio: 6R/1B/2W, light quantum flux: 360 μmol/(m2·s), photoperiod: 12 h) was optimal. Meanwhile, the average spectral reflectance data of 216 leaf samples were extracted, and the S-G preprocessing method was selected to preprocess the original spectral data (Rc = 0.860, RMSEC = 1.806; Rcv = 0.790, RMSECV = 2.161). By comparing and analyzing the correlation coefficients and root mean square errors of six feature wavelength extraction methods, it was concluded that the variable combination population analysis (VCPA) method had the best model effect for feature wavelength extraction (RP = 0.824, RMSEP = 1.973). Ten characteristic wavelengths ( 396, 409, 457, 518, 532, 565, 687, 691, 701, and 705 nm) extracted by the VCPA method were used to establish the chlorophyll content prediction model, and the chlorophyll content prediction model of S-G-VCPA-CNN had the best performance (Rc = 0.9151, RMSEC = 1.445; Rp = 0.811, RMSEP = 2.055). The results of this study provide data support and a theoretical basis for screening the light ratio of other crops, and also present technical support for online monitoring of crop growth in plant factories.

Abrasive Wear Behavior of Nano-Sized Steel Scale on Soft CuZn35Ni2 Material

AbstractThis study examines the abrasive wear behavior of nano-sized steel scale on the CuZn35Ni2 Soft material. CuZn35Ni2 Soft material was used as a sample, and the three-body wear mechanism formed by nanoscale particles mixed with lubricating oil was investigated using a ball-on-flat tester. Three different loads, three different sliding speeds and three different environment variables were used in the experiments. A lubricant containing 0.15 and 0.3 wt.% nanoscale and a non-abrasive lubricant was used to form the medium. The experimental results were obtained as mass loss, wear depth and friction coefficient and the wear surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). The analysis of variance method was used to determine the effect of independent variables on the results. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the most effective parameter for mass loss and CoF was the environment, and the most effective parameter for the depth of wear was the load. It was concluded that there might be a difference of up to 10% in the coefficient of friction between the experiments and the predicted values. Still, in general, the predicted values and the experimental results agree.

Influence of the North Kazakhstan Plains Weather on the Productivity of the Spring Soft Wheat

Spring soft wheat is a primary agricultural crop of North Kazakhstan, the growing process of which is done in harsh weather conditions due to the fact, that early spring drought and the biggest rainfalls at the end of June and beginning of July, are normal in the region. Due to this fact, scientists and producers have mistakenly believed that in the Northern region, spring wheat should be sown later, adjusting the main phase of plant development “tillering – stem elongation” under the maximum summer rainfalls. The research aims to establish the dependence of spring wheat yield on the amount of spring-summer rainfall at different sowing periods. The following methods were used in the research: field method, methods of clustering, variation, correlation and dispersion analysis. Analysis of observations from 2012-2021 showed that years with an early-spring drought and mid-summer maximum rainfalls were less than one-third of ten and about 60% were years with no spring drought, although the maximum rainfall period was shifted to the June month. However, only one year (10%) was characterized by a severe spring drought and a shift of summer rainfalls to August. The highest yield (26.9 c/ha) of the studied wheat species was observed in years with an atmospheric precipitation shift at the beginning of the summer period and early sowing date. During years of early spring drought with the biggest rainfall in mid-summer, relatively high yields (20.5 cwt/ha) are observed in the later sowing dates. The practical value of the research is determined by the fact, that in Northern Kazakhstan the sowing dates of spring wheat are not closely tied to the calendar dates and depend significantly on the climatic conditions of the region and the weather conditions that prevailed in the spring and summer period of a specific year

Genome sequencing with gene panel-based analysis for rare inherited conditions in a publicly funded healthcare system: implications for future testing

NHS genetics centres in Scotland sought to investigate the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project diagnostic utility to evaluate genome sequencing for in rare, inherited conditions. Four regional services recruited 999 individuals from 394 families in 200 rare phenotype categories, with negative historic genetic testing. Genome sequencing was performed at Edinburgh Genomics, and phenotype and sequence data were transferred to Genomics England for variant calling, gene-based filtering and variant prioritisation. NHS Scotland genetics laboratories performed interpretation, validation and reporting. New diagnoses were made in 23% cases – 19% in genes implicated in disease at the time of variant prioritisation, and 4% from later review of additional genes. Diagnostic yield varied considerably between phenotype categories and was minimal in cases with prior exome testing. Genome sequencing with gene panel filtering and reporting achieved improved diagnostic yield over previous historic testing but not over now routine trio-exome sequence tests. Re-interpretation of genomic data with updated gene panels modestly improved diagnostic yield at minimal cost. However, to justify the additional costs of genome vs exome sequencing, efficient methods for analysis of structural variation will be required and / or cost of genome analysis and storage will need to decrease.

Distribution and expression of virulence genes (hlyA, sat) and genotyping of Escherichia coli O25b/ST131 by multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis in Tehran, Iran.

Escherichia coli ST131 is a pandemic clone with high antibiotic resistance, and it is a major causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) and bloodstream infections. This study evaluated the distribution and expression of virulence genes and genotyping of E. coli O25b/ST131 by Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) method among UTI in patients at Tehran hospitals, Iran.A total of 107 E. coli isolates were collected from UTI patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the pabB gene was used to identify E. coli O25b/ST131 and the prevalence of sat and hlyA virulence genes was also analyzed. The microtiter method quantified biofilm formation ability in E. coli O25b/ST131. The Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of sat and hlyA genes. Finally, MLVA was performed for E. coli O25b/ST131 genotyping by targeting seven tandem repeats. SPSS-16 software was used for statistical analysis. Molecular study showed that 71% of isolates carried the pabB gene and were considered E. coli O25b/ST131 strains. Also, 45.8% and 17.8% of isolates carried sat and hlyA genes, respectively. The 57.9% isolates had biofilm formation ability. Expression of the studied virulence genes showed an increase in strong biofilm producing E.coli O25b/ST131 strains. A total of 76 (100%) E. coli O25b/ST131 strains were typed by the MLVA method.High prevalence of E. coli O25b/ST131 isolates in UTI patients can be a serious warning to the treatment due to the high antibiotic resistance rate, expression of virulence genes, and biofilm formation.

Salient Targets and Fear of Falling Changed the Gait Pattern and Joint Kinematic of Older Adults

Fear of falling and environmental barriers in the home are two major factors that cause the incidence of falling. Poor visibility at night is one of the key environmental barriers that contribute to falls among older adult residents. Ensuring their visual perception of the surroundings, therefore, becomes vital to prevent falling injuries. However, there are limited works in the literature investigating the impact of the visibility of the target on older adults' walking destinations and how that impact differs across them with different levels of fear of falling. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of target salience on older adults' walking performance and investigate whether older adults with varying levels of fear of falling behave differently. The salient target was constructed with LED strips around the destination of walking. Fifteen older adults (aged 75 years old and above), seven with low fear of falling and eight with high fear of falling, volunteered for the study. Participants walked from the designated origin (i.e., near their beds) to the destination (i.e., near the bathroom entrance), with the target turned on or off around the destination of the walking trials. Spatiotemporal gait variables and lower-body kinematics were recorded by inertial sensors and compared by using analysis of variance methods. Data from inertial sensors showed that a more salient target at the destination increased older adults' gait speed and improved their walking stability. These changes were accompanied by less hip flexion at heel strikes and toe offs during walking. In addition, older adults with low fear of falling showed more substantial lower-body posture adjustments with the salient target presented in the environment. Older adults with a low fear of falling can potentially benefit from a more salient target at their walking destination, whereas those with a high fear of falling were advised to implement a more straightforward falling intervention in their living areas.