Validity Of Analysis Research Articles

Drosophila Eye Gene Regulatory Network Inference Using BioGRNsemble: An Ensemble-of-Ensembles Machine Learning Approach

Background: Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are complex gene interactions essential for organismal development and stability, and they are crucial for understanding gene-disease links in drug development. Advances in bioinformatics, driven by genomic data and machine learning, have significantly expanded GRN research, enabling deeper insights into these interactions. Methods: This study proposes and demonstrates the potential of BioGRNsemble, a modular and flexible approach for inferring gene regulatory networks from RNA-Seq data. Integrating the GENIE3 and GRNBoost2 algorithms, the BioGRNsemble methodology focuses on providing trimmed-down sub-regulatory networks consisting of transcription and target genes. Results: The methodology was successfully tested on a Drosophila melanogaster Eye gene expression dataset. Our validation analysis using the TFLink online database yielded 3703 verified predicted gene links, out of 534,843 predictions. Conclusion: Although the BioGRNsemble approach presents a promising method for inferring smaller, focused regulatory networks, it encounters challenges related to algorithm sensitivity, prediction bias, validation difficulties, and the potential exclusion of broader regulatory interactions. Improving accuracy and comprehensiveness will require addressing these issues through hyperparameter fine-tuning, the development of alternative scoring mechanisms, and the incorporation of additional validation methods.

The Influence of Online Information Dissemination on Tourism Intentions: A Study of China’s Internet celebrity Cities

This study explores the pathways through which online information dissemination impacts tourism intentions in China’s internet celebrity cities. Through quantitative analysis, the study reveals how online information dissemination influences tourist attitudes and transforms them into tourism consumption intentions by enhancing city awareness, increasing information trustworthiness, and boosting online attention. The results indicate that city awareness, information trustworthiness, and online attention significantly and positively impact tourist attitudes, which in turn further strengthens consumption intentions. The study also finds that attitudes play a significant mediating role between these factors and consumption intentions. The research employs a questionnaire survey, along with reliability and validity analysis, regression analysis, and mediation effect analysis to ensure scientific and reliable results. The findings provide empirical evidence for city managers and tourism practitioners on how to enhance city tourism attractiveness through online dissemination, while also pointing out new directions for future research, with significant practical implications.

Validity analysis of γ-ray strength function models for radiative capture reactions of heavy nuclei

Accurate simulation of radiative capture reactions (RCRs) requires precise modeling of [Formula: see text]-ray strength functions (GSF). Various GSF models exist but need normalization based on experimental total radiative width (TRW) data. This study found that current normalization methods fail for neutron-induced RCRs in [Formula: see text]U and [Formula: see text]Th nuclei. In this regard, re-normalization values are proposed in order to improve model consistency at low energies. The standard Lorentzian (SLO) model fits experimental data best with minimal normalization.

GWAS and post-GWAS functional study reveal regulatory mechanism of piglet diarrhea.

Piglet diarrhea poses a serious threat to piglet health and the livestock economy, and is one of the most pressing problems in animal husbandry. This study aims to investigate the genetic factors involved in piglet diarrhea and to identify key genes that regulate this condition. We screened 600 diarrheal piglets based on unique diarrhea scores for resequencing and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Through this process, we identified 308 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and annotated 151 candidate genes. Extensive functional validation and systematic analysis were performed on key candidate genes KSR1, SKAP1, SLC35F6, and OR12. The study found that the four key genes were involved in the regulation of piglet diarrhea through various mechanisms. OR12 affects the levels of ZO-1 and claudin-1. Changes in the expression levels of KSR1 could alter the expression of IL1-β, IL6, and TNF-α, as well as cell migration and proliferation. SKAP1 could affect the expression of CD3 and CD4, and influence the migration and proliferation ability of cells. SLC35F6 is involved in cell apoptosis through the Bcl2/BAX/caspase3 pathway and can also affect mitochondrial membrane potential. The results of this study provide strong support for breeding programs aimed at disease resistance and offer potential solutions to the problem of piglet diarrhea.

The revised patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-R): validity, reliability, equivalence, and network analysis among hospitalized patients in the Chinese population

The revised patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-R): validity, reliability, equivalence, and network analysis among hospitalized patients in the Chinese population

Factor structure and validation of the electronic form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in patients with COVID-19

Background and Objectives: Background and Aim: Validity Scale Validation can help identify coronavirus disease patients; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the validation of the electronic form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This study is instrumental psychometrics that the statistical population includes all patients in 19 cases in Tehran. The number of samples was determined based on psychometric criteria to be 100 for the predictive validity section and 251 for the convergence validity section. Samples were selected by cluster sampling. Research data were collected electronically through two questionnaires of happiness (Oxford) and happiness of positive psychological characteristics by sending the questionnaire link to the participants' mobile phones. To evaluate the validity of the scale, content validity, convergence, and factor analysis methods were used. The reliability of the scale was assessed by internal consistency methods and class reliability. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the researcher-made questionnaire consists of three factors and has good validity and reliability. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the three-factor model. This questionnaire was administered along with the short form of the Oxford Happiness Scale, which had 13 items of good reliability and validity. Conclusion: The Oxford Happiness Scale in COVID-19 patients can be used to assess happiness in COVID-19 patients.

Development of Flipped Classroom Based Learning Devices Assisted by the Nearpod Application in Integrated Thematic Learning in Third Class of Elementary Schools

The educational era influenced by the industrial revolution 4.0 is called Education 4.0, which is characterized by the use of computerized innovation in every educational cycle. The problem that researchers encountered at SDN 8 Lawang Kidul and SDN 16 Lawang Kidul was the lack of use of varied learning media and the use of technology. This research aims to develop a Nearpod application-assisted learning tool based on Flipped Classroom for integrated thematic learning in class III elementary schools that is valid, practical and effective. This research is included in Research and Development research which uses the ADDIE development model. Data collection uses observation, questionnaire interviews and written tests. The research subjects were class III students at SDN 8 Lawang Kidul and SDN 16 Lawang Kidul. Data analysis uses a Likert scale by looking at validation analysis, practicality and effectiveness of the Nearpod Application-Assisted Learning Tool based on Flipped Classroom. This research produced a flipped classroom-based learning tool assisted by the nearpod application in integrated thematic learning in class III of this elementary school, namely for material expert validators who got a score of 92%, media expert validators got a score of 96% and language expert validators got a score of 92%. For the practicality questionnaire, teacher responses scored 95.5% and for the practicality questionnaire, student responses scored 90.04%, which is categorized as very practical. The effectiveness test shows an increase in learning outcomes from an average of 54.002 to 87.46. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the flipped classroom-based learning device assisted by the nearpod application in integrated thematic learning in class III elementary schools meets the valid, practical and effective categories so that it can improve student learning outcomes.

VALIDITAS PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF ADOBE FLASH CS6 PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA SEKOLAH DASAR

This research is based on the minimal use of technology-based media in the teaching and learning process in elementary schools, especially in Pancasila Education subjects. Teachers more often use surrounding objects and books as media, which makes students feel bored during learning. The aim of this research is to develop interactive multimedia using Adobe Flash CS6 for learning Pancasila Education, especially the Elements of the 1945 Constitution, in class V of SD Gugus 2, Nanggalo District, Padang City, which has high validity, practicality and effectiveness. This research is a type of research and development (Research & Development) by applying the ADDIE model which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The instruments used to collect data include validation, practicality and effectiveness instruments. Data was analyzed through validity, practicality and effectiveness analysis. The development of interactive multimedia Adobe Flash CS6 for learning Pancasila education in class V of SD Gugus 2, Nanggalo District, Padang City uses the ADDIE model. The results show that the average assessment of the three expert validators is 93.74%, which is categorized as very valid. The results show that any media is very suitable for use.

Development of Science Mobile Learning as an Innovation in Learning Media in Elementary Schools

Learning media innovation in the current era is starting to develop towards the use of technology. The learning media that is starting to develop today is smartphone-based. The use of smartphone-based media is inseparable from the rapid development and use of smartphones among students. Therefore, to reduce its negative impacts, it is necessary to develop smartphone-based learning media so that students can use their smartphones to help the learning process. This study aims to develop valid and practical science mobile learning that can be used to help the science learning process at the elementary school level. This type of research is R&D with the ADDIE type. The location of the research is at Hamzanwadi University with the research subjects being science education and PGSD students at Hamzanwadi University. Analysis of research data using V'Aikens related to media validity and practicality analysis related to the practicality of learning media. The results of the analysis show that the developed science mobile learning is valid feasible and practical to use in the science learning process in elementary schools.

Developing and validating a scale for English-medium instruction pedagogical competency in multilingual and multicultural classrooms

ABSTRACT This study aimed to create a scale that is better aligned with and tailored to the needs and perspectives of students for evaluating teachers’ EMI pedagogical competency in the multilingual and multicultural higher education context. Based on a literature review, a preliminary scale was developed. After an expert survey of six EMI experts to ensure face and content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the scale by examining its convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency. The result suggested that the scale was comprised of 22 items and 3 factors, viz., ‘general EMI pedagogical competency’, ‘adapt teaching to adjust for variation in culture and academic/linguistic ability’, and ‘boosting student involvement and positive affection toward EMI. The scale exhibited adequate reliability and validity and could be employed to evaluate tutors’ EMI competency in multilingual and multicultural classrooms. This study argued that in addition to possessing general EMI pedagogical competency, teachers should also develop additional competency related to widely-discussed student EMI anxiety and multilingual and multicultural backgrounds. This scale could serve as a framework for EMI professional development in the higher education sector, but also a tool enhancing teachers’ reflexivity in their EMI practice.

Clinical characteristics and nomogram model for predicting the risk of recurrence of complicated urinary tract infection in pediatric patients

Complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) has higher incidences of antibiotic resistance, recurrence, chronicity, and progression. There exist differences in the immune functions, anatomical structures and physiological functions of urinary tract system between children and adults. In addition, the immature stage of hygiene habit development and the inability to express discomfort accurately all contribute to cUTI recurrence in pediatric patients. cUTI recurrence in children can lead to serious consequences such as growth and development delay, renal scars, and progression to end-stage kidney diseases. Despite the high incidence of cUTI recurrence, no predictive model currently exists to guide targeted intervention in pediatric patients. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict the risk of cUTI recurrence in children, thereby facilitating targeted prevention and treatment strategies in pediatric patients. The nomogram was developed based on a retrospective cohort that included 421 pediatric patients with cUTI at West China Second University Hospital from January 2020 to August 2023. The patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set in a 3:1 ratio. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors and construct the nomogram for predicting the risk of cUTI recurrence, followed by validation and performance analysis. Of the 421 children with cUTI, the recurrence rate of cUTI was 68.4% (288 cases) during an average follow-up duration of 22.9 months. The nomogram comprised female gender, history of urinary tract surgery, Escherichia coli in urine culture, renal dysfunction, and vesicoureteral reflux as predictors of cUTI recurrence in pediatric patients. The model showed favorable performance with C-index values of 0.735 and 0.750 in the training dataset and the validation dataset, respectively. The decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram might be clinically useful. The reliable nomogram would be beneficial for clinicians to identify children with high risks of cUTI recurrence for targeted intervention.

A head‐to‐head comparison of situational judgment tests and assessment centers for measuring and predicting the same performance dimensions

AbstractTo date, a limited set of studies have compared the criterion‐related validity of low‐fidelity (SJT) versus high‐fidelity (AC) simulations for predicting job performance. Unfortunately, these studies validated these simulations through the overall assessment rating (OAR) instead of on the basis of specific dimensions. Given SJTs and ACs were compared that measured different dimensions, our understanding of the relative and comparative validity of these assessment approaches in measuring the same set of dimensions is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a head‐to‐head comparison of the criterion‐related validity of the AC and the SJT (and their incremental validity) while keeping the performance dimensions under investigation constant. Data were collected from 406 applicants for supervisory and management positions in a large Iranian steel industry company. In this process, a general mental ability test, a personality inventory, an SJT, and an AC were used as predictors, and supervisory ratings of job performance dimensions (Thinking, Feeling, and Power) served as criteria. The AC had relatively high validity for all three dimensions, whereas the SJT had a similar validity only for the Thinking dimension. So, the SJT was significantly weaker in assessing the Feeling and Power dimensions. These results were confirmed by incremental validity analyses. Overall, this study shows that understanding the relationships between predictor and criterion dimensions plays a critical role in developing valid selection systems.

Chinese Version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool: Critical Patient Reliability and Validity.

To translate and validate the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool. Timely assessment of the pain degree of nonverbal intensive care unit (ICU) patients can provide humanistic care. However, there is a lack of pain assessment tools that can meet the needs of patients who cannot use language in ICUs in China. A cross-sectional survey. We conducted forward-backward translation of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool. A total of 300 critically ill patients in the intensive care unit who could not communicate verbally completed the Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to verify structural validity, and content validity and reliability analyses were also conducted. The Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.901) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.981), with good split-half reliability. Content validity was established through acceptable item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index scores. Exploratory factor analysis showed a single factor explaining 71.79% of total variance, and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed good model fit. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.917 between the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool. The Chinese Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool demonstrated significant differences in scores between different states of consciousness and illness severity, supporting its known-groups validity. The Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool is a reliable and valid tool for nonverbal pain assessment in ICU patients in China. The Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool can assess the pain of patients who cannot use language in ICU, which provides a new valuable assessment tool for Chinese clinicians and nurses in pain assessment and management. Our study followed the STROBE Checklists. Patients actively cooperated and participated in data collection during the implementation of the study.

Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Mozambique: Validation of the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition (PC-PTSD-5).

The confluence of conflict-, climate-, and public health-related emergencies in Mozambique increases the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few brief screening tools for PTSD have been validated in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to validate the five-item Primary Care PTSD Screen for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5), the PC-PTSD-5 in Mozambique. This study recruited 957 participants who completed the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus) and PC-PTSD-5, a convenience sample from primary and tertiary care settings in Maputo, Mozambique. Participants were administered a diagnostic interview for psychiatric disorders and the PC-PTSD-5 screening tool. We evaluated the criterion validity of the PC-PTSD-5 concerning the MINI-Plus diagnosis of PTSD, the internal construct validity and reliability using confirmatory factor analysis and Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20), discriminant validity of the PC-PTSD-5 in comparison to other common mental disorder and suicide risk screening tools, and measurement invariance of selected cutoffs by age, sex, and comorbidity. Internal consistency of the PC-PTSD-5 was high (KR-20 = 0.837), and confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a single PTSD factor fits the data well. PC-PTSD-5 items were moderately correlated with other psychiatric symptoms. Criterion validity analyses revealed that a cutoff score of 3 provided high specificity (0.833) and moderate sensitivity (0.673). This cutoff score performed optimally across age and gender; however, a cutoff score of 2 was preferred if the participant had no psychiatric comorbidities. Screening with the PC-PTSD-5 may facilitate case detection and linkages to appropriate treatment for individuals affected by potentially traumatic events in Mozambique. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Role of Human Values in the Relationship Between Industry 4.0 and Job Insecurity in an Emerging Economy

ABSTRACTThis study analyses the relationship between Industry 4.0, human values and job insecurity in Colombia against significant technological changes and global economic challenges. It aims to understand how human values mediate the relationship between Industry 4.0's technological advances and the perception of job security in the current era of economic and social uncertainty. Utilising a Likert scale, the study gathered 714 survey responses from employees in medium and large Colombian companies. The study used a multistage multivariate analysis approach, starting with unidimensionality analysis, followed by reliability and validity analysis to measure accuracy. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were subsequently employed to test the underlying factor structures of the data. Finally, structural equation modelling integrated the findings, forming a model that sheds light on the relationships among the studied variables. The analysis revealed strong human values such as commitment, collaboration, tolerance, honesty and loyalty in the workplace. Interestingly, participants had a low perception of job insecurity, indicating a more complex relationship between technological advancements and job security perceptions. This study offers valuable insights into how human values shape the workforce's response to the rapid changes of Industry 4.0, particularly in an emerging economy like Colombia.

SPFDNet: Water Extraction Method Based on Spatial Partition and Feature Decoupling

Extracting water information from remote-sensing images is of great research significance for applications such as water resource protection and flood monitoring. Current water extraction methods aggregated richer multi-level features to enhance the output results. In fact, there is a difference in the requirements for the water body and the water boundary. Indiscriminate multi-feature fusion can lead to perturbation and competition of information between these two types of features during the optimization. Consequently, models cannot accurately locate the internal vacancies within the water body with the external boundary. Therefore, this paper proposes a water feature extraction network with spatial partitioning and feature decoupling. To ensure that the water features are extracted with deep semantic features and stable spatial information before decoupling, we first design a chunked multi-scale feature aggregation module (CMFAM) to construct a context path for obtaining deep semantic information. Then, an information interaction module (IIM) is designed to exchange information between two spatial paths with two fixed resolution intervals and the two paths through. During decoding, a feature decoupling module (FDM) is developed to utilize internal flow prediction to acquire the main body features, and erasing techniques are employed to obtain boundary features. Therefore, the deep features of the water body and the detailed boundary information are supplemented, strengthening the decoupled body and boundary features. Furthermore, the integrated expansion recoupling module (IERM) module is designed for the recoupling stage. The IERM expands the water body and boundary features using expansion and adaptively compensates the transition region between the water body and boundary through information guidance. Finally, multi-level constraints are combined to realize the supervision of the decoupled features. Thus, the water body and boundaries can be extracted more accurately. A comparative validation analysis is conducted on the public datasets, including the gaofen image dataset (GID) and the gaofen2020 challenge dataset (GF2020). By comparing with seven SOTAs, the results show that the proposed method achieves the best results, with IOUs of 91.22 and 78.93, especially in the localization of water bodies and boundaries. By applying the proposed method in different scenarios, the results show the stable capability of the proposed method for extracting water with various shapes and areas.

The psychometric properties of Chinese version of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome-quality of life scale (GTS-QOL) for children and adolescents

BackgroundGilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a persistent neurological disorder that profoundly affects the quality of life for afflicted individuals, however, tailored health-related quality of life (QOL) measures for Chinese pediatric GTS patients are lacking. This pioneering study aims to develop a QOL scale for Chinese children with GTS.MethodsA cohort of 1,121 children (aged 6–16 years) diagnosed with GTS participated in scale development. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to assess the factor structure of the GTS-QOL-Chinese, examining goodness-of-fit indices, factor loadings of individual items, and covariances between factors. Validity was determined through interscale correlations and comparisons with external measures to establish convergent and discriminant validity.ResultsFollowing reliability and validity analyses, a Chinese version of the 24-item GTS-specific quality of life scale was conclusively established, encompassing five subscales (psychological, compulsive, cognitive, physical, social). The scale demonstrated high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.93, and validity was substantiated through interscale correlations ranging from 0.46 to 0.68. EFA identified five factors, explaining 61.26% of the total variation. CFA further confirmed the scale’s robustness, with all goodness-of-fit indicators meeting acceptable criteria (AGFI = 0.86, PCFI = 0.78, GFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.06).ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the GTS-QOL scale has exhibits robust reliability and validity and is valuable for assessing the quality of life of Chinese children and adolescents with GTS. This scale may assist in tailoring interventions and improving patient care.

Evaluating model fit for type II censored data: a Bayesian non-parametric approach based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence estimation

Model checking evaluates the appropriateness of a statistical model based on the observed data, and it is essential to make valid statistical analyses. In this paper, a new procedure for model checking type II censored data is proposed. This procedure combines the Kullback-Leibler divergence, the Dirichlet process, and the relative belief ratio. The method is implemented via a computational algorithm and is explained through several examples.

The use of surrogate matrices in bioanalytical preclinical safety testing using chromatographic methods: a recommendation from the European Bioanalysis forum.

Within the bioanalytical community, the use of blank matrix from preclinical animals for bioanalytical method validation and sample analysis is common practice and required in the context of guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. At the same time, its use has been challenged by the scientific community for decades, since there is ample scientific evidence to allow the use surrogate matrices for this purpose. Nevertheless, legacy and current regulatory thinking continues to be reluctant to allow the use of surrogate matrices in bioanalytical testing except for so-called rare matrices. As part of ongoing discussions in relation to the ICH M10 Guideline, the European Bioanalysis Forum re-challenges the unnecessary use of blank matrices from preclinical animals and believes that, as part of community responsibility and ethical standards and when supported by data, the use of surrogate matrices should become widely accepted. It is in this context that targeted experiments were conducted within the European Bioanalysis Forum to gather additional data and re-open the discussions with all involved and that it should become acceptable to use surrogate matrices wherever possible.

An investigation of the Bernstein’s strengths Scale: factorial validity and network analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, mental health, and the strengths of the healthy adult self

BackgroundBernstein’s heuristic model of personal strengths describes 16 positive attributes of the healthy adult self, grouped into four higher-order factors: self-directedness (identity, self-reflection, self-confidence, self-assertion, imagination/creativity), self-regulation (emotional balance, resilience, self-control, self-care, reality testing), connection (empathy, compassion, humour, responsibility), and transcendence (gratitude and wisdom). The study aimed to explore the factorial validity of Bernstein’s Strengths Scale developed for the assessment of these constructs. Furthermore, we explored the association of strengths with attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) symptoms and mental health in a nonclinical sample using a network approach.MethodsFive hundred and twenty-eight adults filled out an online questionnaire, including Bernstein’s Strengths Scale (BSS), the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHC-SF), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS).ResultsThough our data showed an acceptable fit to the 16-factor model, the Self-control subscale and item 28 of the Compassion subscale were excluded because of reliability issues. The final model with 15 factors and 44 items showed excellent fit, χ2(797) = 1130.149, p < .001, RMSEA = 0.028, 90% CI [0.024, 0.032], SRMS = 0.049, CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.991. Principal component analysis revealed three instead of four second-order factors. In the network model, Self-confidence and Wisdom emerged as the most influential nodes. ADHD symptoms were negatively connected to Responsibility, Self-care, Identity, Emotional balance, Self-confidence, and mental health, while they had positive edges with Humor, Self-reflection, and Imagination/creativity. Mental health was positively related to several strengths, with the strongest association being between mental health and Gratitude.ConclusionThe BSS has acceptable factorial validity and is a reliable tool for assessing the personal strengths of the healthy adult self. ADHD symptoms in adults may be associated with deficits in personal strengths, but protective factors could also be identified. Addressing personal strengths in psychosocial interventions for ADHD in adults may improve patients’ emotional well-being and everyday functioning.