Texture Analysis Research Articles

Diagnostic accuracy of texture analysis applied to T1- and T2-Relaxation maps for liver fibrosis classification via machine-learning algorithms with liver histology as reference standard.

To explore texture analysis' ability on T1 and T2 relaxation maps to classify liver fibrosis into no-to-mild liver fibrosis (nmF) versus severe fibrosis (sF) group using machine learning algorithms and histology as reference standard. In this single-center study, patients undergoing 3T MRI who also had histology examination were retrospectively enrolled. SNAPSHOT-FLASH sequence for T1 mapping, radial turbo-spin-echo sequence for T2 mapping and spin-echo echo-planar-imaging magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) sequences were analyzed. Grey-level co-occurrence matrix texture analysis features were extracted from T1 (TA-T1) and T2 (TA-T2) maps from single-slice whole-liver region-of-interest. The extracted features were evaluated as predictors for nmF and sF group classification separately using support-vector-machine algorithm combined with principal component analysis in case of texture features. Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV) was used to identify the most significant features and the importance of selected features was assessed with permutation importance algorithm. A combined model was identified and evaluated. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used for scoring and model comparison. 46 patients (mean age 52.8±16.1 years, 23 males) were evaluated. TA-T1 performed comparably to MRE (0.748 vs 0.759, p=0.905) and T1 performed slightly worse compared to MRE which was not statistically significant (0.692 vs 0.759, p=0.396). MRE outperformed T2 (0.759 vs 0.552) and TA-T2 (0.759 vs 0.515). RFECV algorithm identified four features: MRE, T1 and 1st two TA-T1 principal components, constituting the first combined model. The permutation importance identified T1 as feature of very low importance, therefore a second combined model was constructed, omitting T1 from the first combined model. Even though both combined models performed higher than MRE (0.759 vs 0.797, p=0.597 for MRE vs MRE+T1+TA-T1, and 0.759 vs 0.817, p=0.373 for MRE vs MRE+TA-T1), it was not statistically significant. TA-T1 performed comparably to MRE in liver fibrosis classification to nmF and sF groups, and even though not statistically significant, combining those with MRE increased the performance, suggesting their complementary nature. Given the broad availability, robustness and short scanning times of T1 mapping, we would advocate for the inclusion of T1 mapping in every clinical and research liver examination.

Encapsulated fucoxanthin improves the functional properties and storage stability of Undaria Pinnatifida and apple freeze-dried snack food during accelerated storage.

Carotenoids, recognized for their antioxidant and anti-aging properties, are commonly used in functional foods. To enhance the application of fucoxanthin (FX) in the food industry, this study employed the ion gel method for encapsulating FX and combined it with raw materials such as Undaria pinnatifida homogenate and apple pieces to create freeze-dried crunchy chunks. The study evaluated the effects of encapsulated-FX on the functional and structural characteristics of the Undaria pinnatifida and apple freeze-dried chunks over accelerated storage period under high temperature and humidity. Various analyses were conducted, including physicochemical properties, texture analysis, color evaluation, sensory assessment, and simulated digestion analysis. The results demonstrated that the FX-rich freeze-dried crunchy chunks exhibited favorable structural properties and appealing flavor. Notably, after the accelerated storage period, the encapsulated-FX maintained significant antioxidant activity, along with excellent thermal and light stability, indicating high storage stability. Additionally, the main ingredients, sodium alginate (SAA) and pectin (PE), significantly enhanced the stability of FX during in vitro digestion. This study provided a straightforward approach for producing freeze-dried snack foods rich in stabled-FX, contributing to the diversity of value-added algae products. Furthermore, it laid a theoretical foundation and reference for the future development of nutritional products.

Assessment of silver-copper co-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass as an advanced pulp-capping material.

To evaluate the multifunctionality of silver-copper co-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), with the goal of developing an advanced pulp-capping material. The synthesis of materials was conducted using the sol-gel method, following the approach described in previous studies but with some modifications. The composition included 80 mol% SiO₂, 15 mol% CaO, and 5 mol% P₂O₅, with additional components of 5 mol% silver, 5 mol% copper, or 1 mol% silver combined with 4 mol% copper, designated as Ag5/80S, Cu5/80S, or Ag1Cu4/80S, respectively. Furthermore, crystal phases, surface morphology, and ion-releasing activity were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were employed to assess wound-healing effects, while human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were utilized to evaluate osteogenic effects. Textural analyses indicated that Ag1Cu4/80S was successfully synthesized using modified procedures, demonstrating comparable ion co-releasing activity. Ag1Cu4/80S exhibited low toxicity and high cell proliferation rates, with a migration rate of 46 %, significantly higher than the <10 % observed in other groups. In terms of osteogenesis, hDPSCs treated with Ag1Cu4/80S displayed enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, with mineralization levels 1.6-fold greater than those of untreated controls. The synthesis of Ag1Cu4/80S was successfully optimized. This material demonstrated significant wound-healing and comparable osteogenic effects relative to other tested materials, highlighting its potential for dental applications. Ag₁Cu₄/80S demonstrated a comparable effect on osteogenesis, indicating its potential to promote mineralization and suggesting its applicability in dental treatments.

Characterize Firmness Changes of Nectarine and Peach Fruit Associated With Harvest Maturity and Storage Duration Using Parameters of Force-Displacement Curves.

Fruit firmness is a critical attribute for evaluating the quality of peaches and nectarines. The precise measurement of fruit firmness plays a key role in maturity assessment, determining harvest periods, and predicting shelf-life. Texture analyzers are increasingly employed for accurate fruit firmness measurement, offering advantages in reducing operator errors compared to the traditional Magness-Taylor test. However, the parameters defining firmness vary across the literatures. To optimize the parameter(s) for characterizing the firmness of peaches and nectarines, we evaluated 31 parameters derived from force-displacement curves using fruit with various maturity levels and storage durations. Our findings affirmed that the conventional Magness-Taylor measurement effectively delineated firmness changes associated with varying maturity levels, while its ability to capture firmness changes due to storage duration was constrained. On the contrary, parameters extracted from the steady phase (P2), which depict flesh properties after penetrating to a specified depth, exhibited strong performance across diverse maturity stages and storage durations. As effective firmness characterization parameters should differentiate various sample groups based on both maturity and storage duration criteria-pivotal factors influencing softening, the P2-derived parameters are thus deemed more appropriate for firmness characterization. Given the stability of the steady phase (P2) within the force-displacement curve and the high correlation among the P2-derived parameters, it is more recommended to use the end force value of P2, corresponding to the force value at 10 mm depth to represent the firmness of peaches and nectarines.

Transfer of Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium from food-contact surfaces to stone fruits

Contaminated food-contact surfaces are a potential route for spreading microorganisms to stone fruit during postharvest handling. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that affect the transfer of bacteria from food contact surfaces to stone fruits. Coupons (1 × 1 cm) of polyurethane (PU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were inoculated with rifampin-resistant variants of Salmonella (five-strain cocktail) or Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 at ~5 or ~ 7 log CFU/cm2. Inoculated coupons (n = 8–11) were attached to a texture analyzer, and uniform contact conditions (5 N, 5 s) were used to explore the impact of bacterial species, inoculation level, donor surface, the presence of dried peach juice or wax, recipient produce commodity, and the dryness of inoculum. Whole fruits were transferred to 20 mL of 0.1 % peptone, rubbed for 2 min, and then the diluent was plated onto trypticase soy agar supplemented with rifampin at 50 μg/mL. Whole fruits were enriched when populations were anticipated to fall below the limit of detection (1.6 log CFU/fruit). At an inoculum of ~5 log CFU/coupon, Salmonella and E. faecium were recovered from the fruit by enrichment but not by plating. At ~7 log CFU/coupon, transfer rates, i.e., ratio of populations on recipient fruit to donor surface, were not significantly (P ≥ 0.05) influenced by either bacterial species (Salmonella [0.26 % ± 0.77 %] versus E. faecium [0.068 % ± 0.071 %]) or donor surface (PU [0.085 % ± 0.098 %] versus PVC [0.16 % ± 0.16 %]). The rates of transfer of E. faecium from contaminated PU to peaches (0.050 % ± 0.031 %), nectarines (0.066 % ± 0.076 %), and onion skins (0.048 % ± 0.059 %) were not significantly different. The mean transfer rates of E. faecium increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the presence of dried wax (18 % ± 16 %) or peach juice (1.3 % ± 2.6 %) on the PU surface compared with the control (0.080 % ± 0.086 %). The transfer rates of E. faecium from contaminated surfaces were also significantly influenced by the drying time post-inoculation; the drier the inoculum, the lower the transfer rates. The presence of residues or moisture on food contact surfaces facilitated the transfer of microorganisms during dry handling of fresh stone fruits. The results underscore the importance of implementing adequate cleaning, sanitation and, where appropriate, drying of equipment surfaces to effectively remove organic residues and mitigate the risks of cross-contamination.

Comprehensive characterization and unprecedented photocatalytic efficacy of TiO2-CuO-La2O3 and TiO2-CuO-Bi2O3 nanocomposites: A novel approach to environmental remediation

In this comprehensive investigation, the properties of TiO2-CuO-La2O3 and TiO2-CuO-Bi2O3 nanocomposites were systematically explored, unveiling their structural, textural, optical, and photocatalytic characteristics. X-ray diffraction analysis identified key solid phases, while scanning electron microscopy revealed consistent surface features, emphasizing the reproducibility of the observed structures. Textural analysis highlighted the mesoporous nature of the nanocomposites, with TiO2-CuO-La2O3 exhibiting a higher surface area, indicating potential for enhanced adsorption and catalytic activity. Optical exploration demonstrated distinctive features, and the incorporation of Bi2O3 reduced the band gap, suggesting applications in photocatalysis or optoelectronics. Further insights into molecular composition, bonding dynamics, and surface defects were provided by FT-IR and photoluminescence spectra. Photocatalysis experiments confirmed the activity of the two nanocomposites, with TiO2-CuO-Bi2O3 demonstrating superior performance. Kinetic studies underscored the importance of reactive species in photocatalytic reactions. Solar irradiation experiments demonstrated the high efficiency of the 500Ti-Cu-Bi7 nanocomposite, with 91% dye degradation, confirming its superior photocatalytic performance and suggesting promising applications in environmental remediation and catalysis.

Virtual texture analysis to understand microstructure effects on deformation twinning and detwinning behavior in BCC metals

Virtual texture analysis to understand microstructure effects on deformation twinning and detwinning behavior in BCC metals

Optimization of invasomal gel of miconazole nitrate for the treatment of topical fungal infections

The treatment of deep topical fungal infections poses considerable obstacles. Miconazole nitrate which is used in the management of fungal infections has limited effectiveness owing to its poor aqueous solubility. The current study focuses on the improvement of solubility and permeability of miconazole nitrate through the skin by loading it into invasomes composed of soy lecithin and cilantro oil. The effects of varying amounts of soy lecithin and cilantro oil as independent variables was studied on entrapment efficiency and drug diffusion in-vitro by using the central composite design. An optimized formulation comprising of 104 mg of soy lecithin and 0.8 mL of cilantro oil was prepared and evaluated. Further, it was loaded into a gel base and evaluated for texture analysis, antifungal activity, in-vitro and ex-vivo drug diffusion. The entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug diffusion for different formulations ranged from 84 ± 0.82 to 90 ± 0.74 % and 56.96 ± 1.51 to 86.3 ± 1.23 % respectively. Entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug diffusion of optimized formulation were 85 ± 2.19 and 88.15 ± 1.57 % respectively. Particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index of optimized formulation were 138.4 ± 2.25 nm, -45 ± 1.21 mV and 0.254 ± 0.12. The spherical shape of vesicles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. DSC thermogram revealed a partial conversion of crystalline to partial amorphous form of the drug due to encapsulation in a lipid matrix. The in-vitro and ex-vivo drug diffusion from invasomal gel was 88.15 ± 1.28 % and 77.9 ± 1.8 %, respectively. The in-vitro antifungal assay revealed that the invasomal gel exhibited a 1.5-fold increase in antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans compared to miconazole nitrate. This could be result of enhanced solubility, better drug diffusion and presence of cilantro oil. The results were conclusive of the enhanced effectiveness of miconazole nitrate in treating fungal infections by formulating it into invasomal gel formulation.

MRI classification of progressive supranuclear palsy, Parkinson disease and controls using deep learning and machine learning algorithms for the identification of regions and tracts of interest as potential biomarkers.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis has shown promise in differentiating neurodegenerative Parkinsonian syndromes and has significantly advanced our understanding of diseases like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in recent years. The aim of this study was to develop, implement and compare MRI analysis algorithms based on artificial intelligence (AI) that can differentiate PSP not only from healthy controls but also from Parkinson disease (PD), by analyzing changes in brain structure and microstructure. Specifically, this study focused on identifying regions of interest (ROIs) and tracts of interest (TOIs) that are crucial for the algorithms to provide clinically relevant performance indices for the distinction between disease variants. MR data comprised diffusion tensor imaging (DTI - tractwise fractional anisotropy statistics (TFAS)) and T1-weighted (T1-w) data (texture analysis of the corpus callosum (CC)). One subject sample with 74 PSP patients and 63 controls was recorded at 3.0T at multiple sites. The other sample came from a single site, consisting of 66 PSP patients, 66 PD patients, and 44 controls, recorded at 1.5T. Four different machine learning algorithms (ML) and a deep learning (DL) neural network approach using Tensor Flow were implemented for the study. The training of the algorithms was performed on 80% of the data, which included the entire single-site data and parts of the multiple-site data. The validation process was conducted on the remaining data, thereby consistently separating training and validation data. A random forest algorithm and a DL neural network classified PSP and healthy controls with accuracies of 92% and 95%, respectively. Particularly, DTI derived measures for the pons, midbrain tegmentum, superior cerebral peduncle, putamen, and CC contributed to high accuracies. Furthermore, DL neural network classification of PSP and PD with 86% accuracy showed the importance of 19 structures. The four most important features were DTI derived measures for prefrontal white matter, the fasciculus frontooccipitalis, the midbrain tegmentum, and the CC area II. This DL network achieved a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 85%, resulting in a Youden-index of 0.72. The primary goal of the present study was to compare multiple ML-methods and a DL approach to identify the least necessary set of brain structures to classify PSP vs. controls and PSP vs. PD by ranking them in a hierarchical order of importance. That way, this study demonstrated the potential of AI approaches to MRI as possible diagnostic and scientific tools to differentiate variants of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism.

Optimized Heat Treatment for Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Processed IN718: Correlating Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties

This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 (IN718) manufactured via electron beam melting (EBM). The EBM‐processed IN718 exhibits a unique grain structure with columnar grains along the build direction (BD) and equiaxed grains perpendicular to it. Contrary to typical solidification textures, the strongest texture intensities are observed for (110) and (111) orientations, attributed to in situ δ phase precipitation during high‐temperature processing. The microstructure notably lacks cellular structures common in additively manufactured materials, instead featuring δ phase formed through in‐situ aging. A tailored heat treatment strategy is developed to control δ phase precipitation at grain boundaries, mitigating grain boundary sliding (GBS). This treatment results in &lt;100&gt; texture and large columnar grains, leading to a twofold increase in yield strength compared to the as‐printed (AP) condition. Interestingly, the AP EBM IN718 shows no signs of dynamic strain aging (DSA), distinguishing it from conventionally processed IN718. This comprehensive analysis of microstructure, texture, and mechanical behavior provides valuable insights for optimizing EBM processing and heat treatment of IN718 for enhanced performance in high‐temperature applications.

The effect of sunflower wax and carnauba wax on the storage stability and sensory evaluation of palm-based chocolate spread

This study investigates the storage properties and sensory evaluation of palm-based chocolate spreads formulated with sunflower wax (SFW) and carnauba wax (CW) in a wide range of temperatures. Hardness, spreadability and stability assessments of chocolate spreads with 3.5% SFW and 3.5% CW were made over a 24-week storage period. The hardness, spreadability and stability of the chocolate spreads were analyzed by means of Texture Analyzer, observation and LUMiFuge Stability Analyzer, respectively. A sensory evaluation of these chocolate spreads was conducted using a 7-point hedonic scale. The hardness of both chocolate spreads was influenced by low temperatures of 5-10 °C during the storage study. Decreasing and increasing trends were observed for samples stored at 5 and 10 °C, respectively. However, both palm-based chocolate spreads remained spreadable at 5 °C even after 24 weeks of storage. Both chocolate spreads demonstrated stability at 40 °C after 24 weeks of storage. The sensory evaluation revealed that chocolate spread with 3.5% CW was the most widely accepted by sensory panelists. Therefore, chocolate spread with 3.5% CW has the potential to be utilized over a wide range of temperature applications of 5-40 °C.

Efficient and Effective Detection of Repeated Pattern from Fronto-Parallel Images with Unknown Visual Contents

The effective detection of repeated patterns from inputs of unknown fronto-parallel images is an important computer vision task that supports many real-world applications, such as image retrieval, synthesis, and texture analysis. A repeated pattern is defined as the smallest unit capable of tiling the entire image, representing its primary structural and visual information. In this paper, a hybrid method is proposed, overcoming the drawbacks of both traditional and existing deep learning-based approaches. The new method leverages deep features from a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to estimate initial repeated pattern sizes and refines them using a dynamic autocorrelation algorithm. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on a new dataset of fronto-parallel textile images as well as another set of real-world non-textile images to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. The accuracy of the proposed method is 67.3%, which represents 20% higher than the baseline method, and the time cost is only 11% of the baseline. The proposed method has been applied and contributed to textile design, and it can be adapted to other applications.

Effects of isolation methods on physicochemical properties of defatted starch from the acorn (Quercus brantii).

This study explores the innovative combined effects of alkaline isolation with ultrasound pretreatment on the physicochemical properties of acorn (Quercus brantii) starch. The optimal pH for maximizing the yield of alkaline-isolated acorn starch (AAS) was determined, followed by comparison with alkaline-isolated defatted acorn starch (ADAS), ultrasound-pretreated acorn starch (UAS), and ultrasound-pretreated defatted acorn starch (UDAS). The results demonstrated substantial improvements in yield and purity, with the highest yield (68.97 ± 0.16 %) achieved at pH 9. ADAS showed high purity, with protein and fat contents of 1.82 ± 0.07 % and 0.025 ± 0.02 %, respectively. UDAS exhibited superior swelling power, solubility, and turbidity, indicating enhanced functional properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed variations in granule sizes across treatments, from 12.42 μm (ADAS) to 10.72 μm (UDAS). X-ray diffraction analysis showed C-type patterns with crystallinity ranging from 31.25 % (ADAS) to 26 % (UAS). Thermal analysis demonstrated UDAS had the highest peak viscosity and lowest thermal parameters. Texture analysis indicated that AAS formed a softer gel, while ADAS displayed greater hardness and gumminess. These findings highlight the effectiveness of combining alkaline isolation with ultrasound pretreatment to improve acorn starch quality for sustainable applications in food and biotechnology.

Texture Analysis of Inconel 718 with Different Modes During Single-Track Laser Surface Re-Melting

Texture Analysis of Inconel 718 with Different Modes During Single-Track Laser Surface Re-Melting

Molecular mechanism of protein-lipid interactions in steamed egg gelation and deterioration: A quantitative proteomic study.

Steamed egg (SE), a traditional egg dish, exhibits steaming time-dependent textural properties. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying SE gel formation and deterioration through quantitative proteomics combined with physicochemical characterization. Results showed optimal gel formation at 11 min steaming, while prolonged steaming (23 min) led to gel cracking and sensory deterioration. Textural analysis showed the hardness of SE continued to increase with the increase of steaming time, but the water-holding capacity decreased significantly. Quantitative proteomic analyses revealed that lysozyme and ovalbumin may play a key role in SE formation by influencing protein aggregation through their chargeability and high glycosylation. In addition, the extension of the steaming time disrupted the structure of apolipoproteins, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL), under the influence of NaCl. The protein parts of LDL were partially involved in the gel structure while the lipid parts were partially free, and these changes might be the main reasons for the creation of voids in the egg custard gels and the decrease of the water-holding capacity. Our findings provide molecular insights into SE gel formation and deterioration, offering theoretical guidance for improving the texture of commercial SE products.

Radiomics for osteoporosis detection – current opportunities and prospects: a literature review

Background. The prevalence of osteoporotic fractures continues to increase as the population ages and undergoes a demographic transition, which is relevant for developed countries, including the Russian Federation. Radiomics may become a valuable tool for detecting osteoporosis in the future. Aim. This literature review aims to demonstrate the development and application of radiomic analysis in the diagnosis of oncological and non-oncological diseases, and for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Materials and methods. The literature corresponding to the topic of the review was searched in the PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary over the past five years. Data on the prevalence and epidemiology of osteoporosis were taken from articles over the past fifteen years. The databases were searched for keywords: radiomic, osteoporosis, texture, MRI, CT, non-oncological radiomics, texture analysis, radiomic analysis. The review includes data from original articles. As a result, 247 articles were identified, of which 59 studies were included in the analysis. Conclusion. Currently, there are a limited number of studies exploring the possibilities of radiomic analysis for the detection of osteoporosis. Further research is needed on the radiomic analysis of CT and MRI images to detect osteoporosis, in comparison with recognized existing techniques – DRA, FRAX.

Analysis of Foam Mobility and Foam Texture in Heterogeneous Microfluidic Porous Media

Analysis of Foam Mobility and Foam Texture in Heterogeneous Microfluidic Porous Media

Modeling of process and operating modes for efficient selective disintegration in coriander seed grinding

Introduction. In increasing the production of essential oil from coriander seeds, an important role is given to reducing indirect losses from crushing, especially during harvesting and processing of the crop, since the content of crushed and damaged seeds reduces the sowing and food qualities of essential oil from coriander seeds. The goal of the research is to establish the relationship between the strength of the seed, the forces acting on it and the deformations occurring in it in order to find out what value of force action can be considered acceptable for coriander seeds. The Research methods. Experimental studies were carried out on the Structurometer ST-2 texture analyzer. It allowed to implement both simple and complex multi-stage methods for analyzing virtually any type of product in automatic mode, while the user had the ability to independently compile them, adjusting both the speed of the indenter and the speed of loading the product. The course of the analysis with the construction of corresponding graphs was displayed in real time on a personal computer, while the user had the ability to comprehensively process the results obtained. The Results. The diagram of seed compression has been given, and the destructive deformation, as well as the loads acting on it, are established. Coriander seeds of all varieties are assumed to be spherical. The sphericity values for different humidity levels vary from 0.820 to 0.867 [1, 2]. The dependence of the impact force on the destructive capacity of the grinder working element significantly depends on the modulus of elasticity and allows determining the critical force that destroys the grain during force contact. Knowing the destructive load and comparing it with the morphology of the internal structure of coriander seeds, it is possible to grind the seed mass in stages and selectively, varying access to the essential oil and oil-bearing areas, selectively isolating the most valuable and thermolabile essential oil components of the coriander seed mass, isolating them at the first stage of the preparation process for extracting these substances from coriander seeds due to selective cryodesintegration of the seed mass. Conclusions. As shown in [3], the dependence of the deformation and maximum pressure in the contact plane on the compression force of the seeds has been modeled experimentally on a texture analyzer - Structurometer ST 2, which has made it possible to obtain numerical values of the Poisson ratio and Young's modulus for elastic deformation of the coriander seed mass.

Textural analysis and artificial intelligence as decision support tools in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis – a systematic review

Textural analysis and artificial intelligence as decision support tools in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis – a systematic review

Identifying etiologies of heart failure using non-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: cine imaging, T1 and T2 mapping, and texture analysis for T1 mapping

Identifying etiologies of heart failure using non-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: cine imaging, T1 and T2 mapping, and texture analysis for T1 mapping