Analysis Of Temperature Distribution Research Articles

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Solar Distillation Panel with Various Flat Plate Materials

As the world population continues to grow, the demand for clean water is increasing daily, making it a crucial resource to access. However, there are ways to harness abundant resources like solar energy and seawater to produce clean water. The present studies have conducted experimental investigations to convert seawater into freshwater using solar stills, where solar energy is utilized as the primary heat source for evaporation. The temperature distribution inside the solar stills was analyzed using a flat plate made of three different materials: copper, stainless steel, and aluminum. To examine the temperature distribution and performance of the solar stills, researchers employed computational fluid dynamics simulations (Ansys R15.0). The results showed variations in temperature distribution among the three plate materials. Copper flat plates achieved the highest temperature, approximately 44.5 Celsius, followed by aluminum at 43.91 Celsius, while stainless steel exhibited the lowest temperature at around 42.01 Celsius. The average heat flux across the three materials was approximately 581 W/m2. Additionally, observations indicated that the amount of convection occurring in copper flat plates was 121.108 Watts; in aluminum, it was 118.517 Watts; and in stainless steel, it was 105.05 Watts. The radiation energy for stainless steel flat plates was 29.93 W; for copper, 16.14 W; and for aluminum, 13.49 W.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Solar Distillation Panel with Various Flat Plate Materials

As the world population continues to grow, the demand for clean water is increasing daily, making it a crucial resource to access. However, there are ways to harness abundant resources like solar energy and seawater to produce clean water. The present studies have conducted experimental investigations to convert seawater into freshwater using solar stills, where solar energy is utilized as the primary heat source for evaporation. The temperature distribution inside the solar stills was analyzed using a flat plate made of three different materials: copper, stainless steel, and aluminum. To examine the temperature distribution and performance of the solar stills, researchers employed computational fluid dynamics simulations (Ansys R15.0). The results showed variations in temperature distribution among the three plate materials. Copper flat plates achieved the highest temperature, approximately 44.5 Celsius, followed by aluminum at 43.91 Celsius, while stainless steel exhibited the lowest temperature at around 42.01 Celsius. The average heat flux across the three materials was approximately 581 W/m2. Additionally, observations indicated that the amount of convection occurring in copper flat plates was 121.108 Watts; in aluminum, it was 118.517 Watts; and in stainless steel, it was 105.05 Watts. The radiation energy for stainless steel flat plates was 29.93 W; for copper, 16.14 W; and for aluminum, 13.49 W.

Improving building energy efficiency through ventilated hollow core slab systems

The increasing desire for comfort and healthy indoor environment, as well as improvements in energy standards in recent years, have stressed the need to make an active use of the building mass to achieve the maximum energy saving This is why the application of ventilated hollow-core slab systems (VHCS) can be considered as one of the innovative approaches. These systems have precast concrete slabs with tubular voids directing ventilation air on its length. In the present study Solving this system numerically using the ANSYS fluent program to study the temperature distribution and air flow in the 3-D test model of the present study to determine the feasibility of applying this system in an arid climate especially in Iraq by checking the inlet velocity and temperature and to predict the impact of these operating parameters on human comfort and energy savings. The study aimed to provide a numerical analysis of a conditioned zone's temperature distribution using VHCS. The investigation was carried out on a scale model room of size (1 m × 1.2 m × 1 m) with a scale factor of ¼. Four distinct scenarios were examined: the first two cases occurred during a no-load time in the night when there were no internal or external loads and examined the effects of changes in inlet temperatures and air velocities. The remaining two scenarios were conducted during an occupied period with internal heat gain of 630 W/m2 and external heat gain of 800 W/m2 based on the SHGC for the summer season of Iraq. As previously demonstrated, setting the inlet velocity to 1 m/s resulted in an optimal temperature and velocity distribution in the main flow, irrespective of changes in the external and internal loads and temperatures of the supply core. The findings shown that input air velocity and temperature affect heat remove efficiency. In addition, numerical outcomes have also illustrated that the Thermal Active VHCS System, while used in combination with ventilation strategies, could indeed regulate the space conditions by cooling down the building's ceiling, thus eradicating stored heat. All investigations found VHCS systems suitable for air conditioning in dry and hot locations. The systems are known for their ease of use, simplicity, high performance, comfort, and energy savings. They can also reduce peak loads to boost structural energy efficiency.

Temperature distribution analysis of gap type conductors and carbon fiber composite core conductors based on finite element

Temperature distribution analysis of gap type conductors and carbon fiber composite core conductors based on finite element

Performance analysis of ground source heat pump systems for constant temperature and humidity air conditioning in industrial buildings: a case study

Abstract The ground source heat pump (GSHP) system has gained widespread popularity for its provision of efficient and environmentally sustainable cooling and heating solutions for buildings. While the performance of GSHP systems has raised significant concerns, research predominantly focuses on residential and office buildings, leaving a gap in understanding their applicability in industrial settings with constant temperature and humidity air conditioning needs. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the performance of a hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) system implemented within a cigarette factory located in the hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) of China. Through a comprehensive analysis of operational data and long-term monitoring under three cooling conditions, essential parameters including water temperature characteristics, indoor temperature and humidity, system efficiency, power consumption, and soil temperature distribution were examined. The findings revealed that the weighted average coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pumps (COPhp) and the whole system (COPsys) was decreased from 5.05 to 4.32 and 3.32 to 2.89, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between low cooling load high energy consumption, and low COP. The inlet temperature of the condenser exhibited a declining trend, which was attributed to the intermittent operation of condensation heat recovery. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of indoor temperature and humidity distribution within the controlled room was presented and found that almost all the rooms serviced by this system meet the specified design requirements. This research contributes to an enhanced understanding of the viability of HGSHP systems in industrial settings and provides valuable references for improving their energy efficiency and overall performance.

Theoretical analysis of using multiple borehole heat exchangers for production of heating and cooling energy in shallow geothermal reservoirs with underground water flow

In this work the feasibility of using the double-U borehole heat exchangers (BHE) in multiple arrangements for production of heating and cooling energy has been investigated.Theoretical case studies are given for a few hypothetical lithological cases corresponding to the lithology that can be found in City of Zagreb. The results show interference between the borehole heat exchangers and limits of use of shallow reservoir with respect to slow convection and loss of accumulated energy in the reservoir. Special emphasis is placed on the description of the groundwater flow determined by the parameters of the shallow geothermal reservoir, such as permeability, water saturation, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and soil density, topography, precipitation, etc. Simulations have been performed in FeFlow coupled with Python user-scripts for individual control of the BHE’s, and the surface equipment is modelled using RES2GEO. To assess the accuracy of numerical predictions in simulating thermal responses, FeFlow software was utilized to conduct Thermal Response Tests (TRT) for individual Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHEs). These numerical results were then juxtaposed with empirical TRT data collected from a site near Velika Gorica, a town within the City of Zagreb. For each case simulation is done for one year with one hour resolution. The temperature distribution analysis highlights notable differences between scenarios, where the temperature field with lower permeability experiences significant variations, particularly near the BHE. Here, temperatures can soar to 20 °C during cooling periods and plummet to 4 °C in heating seasons. These fluctuations cause overheating and subcooling of the reservoir, impairing the heat pump’s efficiency and necessitating increased electricity consumption. By using Multivariate linear regression and Multi-layer perceptron regressor method, the main parameter for determination of COP of ground source heat pump. The analysis reveals that the majority of errors fall within the range of ± 5 %, although the MLA prediction method exhibits slightly more frequent errors. Additionally, the R2 scores demonstrate strong performance: the MLA procedure achieves 0.95 for heating and 0.99 for cooling, while the MLP procedure attains 0.99 for both heating and cooling phases.

Structural Analysis of Thermal Diffusion and Non-Uniform Temperature Distribution along the Sidewall Thickness of STS316L during Gas Tungsten Arc Butt Welding

This study investigated how welding affects the thermal deformation of square cells produced for casks, which are dry storage containers for spent nuclear fuel. We aimed to minimize structural deformation by utilizing STS316L as the material for the square cells. We explored a method of subdividing the square cells and joining them through butt welding. Keeping the upper plate thickness constant, GTA butt welding was conducted while varying the column’s wall thickness, followed by measurement with a laser vision sensor. The heat conduction and thermal strain were then calculated using a finite element analysis (FEM). Both experimental and analytical results confirmed that there was significant thermal deformation in the cases of thick-walled columns due to variations in heat conduction distribution, with the resulting deformation patterns depending on thickness.

Temperature distribution analysis and mechanical property prediction of wire loops in the Stelmor air-cooling system

During the Stelmor air-cooling process, the temperature distribution has a significant impact on the wire loops' final mechanical properties. The temperature distribution during air-cooling process is accurately solved by establishing three-dimensional model and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. It is also found that the heat transfer coefficient on the cross section of the wire loop is very different, with a difference of 70–100 Wm−2K−1. The average value of the surface heat transfer coefficient of the wire loops section is used to replace the surface heat transfer coefficient of the wire loops, which improves the temperature distribution calculation accuracy, which is not considered by previous scholars. The finite difference method is used to calculate the mathematical model of the temperature distribution during the Stelmor air-cooling process. It is found that the maximum temperature difference of the wire during the cooling process is 90–110 K. The prediction model of mechanical property of wire after air-cooling was established, and distribution of mechanical property of the wire loops was obtained, and the reason for the uneven distribution of mechanical property of the wire loops was found.

Numerical Analysis of Temperature Distribution in AA1100 Friction-Stir Welded Joints by Finite Difference Approximation

Numerical Analysis of Temperature Distribution in AA1100 Friction-Stir Welded Joints by Finite Difference Approximation

Enhancing Mini Greenhouse Design: A CFD Analysis of Temperature, Humidity, and Wind Flow Distribution

Enhancing Mini Greenhouse Design: A CFD Analysis of Temperature, Humidity, and Wind Flow Distribution

Frictional heating effects on entropy generation with nonlinear Rosseland radiation: Implementation of generalized differential quadrature method

This article examines heat transfer and entropy generation analysis for boundary layer flow, considering the impacts of frictional heating and nonlinear Rosseland thermal radiation. The equations governing momentum and energy in a two-dimensional boundary layer are transformed into self-similar equations via similarity operations. The generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is then used to numerically solve the no-dimensional governing equations. Entropy generation and Bejan numbers are computed using the acquired solutions and are then plotted against the emerging flow parameters. An in-depth analysis of temperature distribution, entropy generation, velocity profile, and Bejan number. A high level of agreement was seen when the results from the literature were replicated using GDQM to verify the accuracy of the numerical code. It is found that a self-similar solution exists in the presence of viscous dissipation. The primary contributor to entropy generation at the interface is fluid friction, in contrast to heat transfer. Further, the findings indicate that entropy generation positively correlates with the Prandtl number, heating parameter, radiation parameter, and Eckert number. Notably, the results show that a decrease in operational temperature causes a decrease in entropy production.

Planning Tools for Decentralized Heat Supply: Modeling the Effects of Volatile Renewable Energies

An increasing share of decentralized feed-in is necessary for the transition of district heating networks but it comes with various challenges. Software tools for modelling, simulation and optimization allow a theoretical examination of those challenges and possible solutions. Some of these have been used and further developed in the research project ZellFlex. One selected examination is the flexibility of supply temperatures by varying setpoint temperatures for a decentral solar thermal system (500 m²) integrated into an existing district heating network. The analysis of the supply temperature distribution in the network showed: A decrease of the solar thermal feed-in set point temperature by 5 K compared to the supply temperature of the central heat producer seemed acceptable in terms of security of supply, while a 10 K reduction comes with a high risk of undersupply. Furthermore, it was discovered that the points of time with the lowest supply temperatures at the consumers were just before and after they were provided with solar heat due to specific effects concerning temperature loss of the fluid.

Study on the decompression behavior during large-scale pipeline puncture releases of CO2 with various N2 compositions: Experiments and mechanism analysis

Impurities in the captured CO2 stream from various industrial sources may introduce uncertainty into the transient releases of transportation pipelines. Due to limitations in the experimental scale, there is currently limited analysis of the vertical cross-sectional temperature distribution and the pressure response along the pipeline during the releases of impure CO2. The mechanism by which impurities affect the decompression wave and the alterations in phase-change pathways remains unclear. In this study, building upon the existing large-scale pipeline, we established an impurity injection system. Using the common impurity, N2, as a variable, the decompression behavior of the CO2+N2 mixture in the puncture releases and the influence mechanism of N2 were investigated. The results show that the effect of N2 on sound velocity causes a significant decrease in the decompression wave speed. N2 raises the minimum temperature, and it is more pronounced in large-diameter releases; for instance, the minimum temperature during the 100 mm release is always higher than that in the 50 mm release. The gas-liquid mixture closely follows the dew point line, conforming to the Gibbs equilibrium criterion. The experimental scale mirrors real-world operating conditions, endowing the research findings with practical applicability. Concurrently, it furnishes dependable data for numerical researches.

Experimental and numerical analysis of temperature distributions in SA 387 pressure vessel steel during submerged arc welding

Abstract The present study aims to explore experimental investigations and numerical simulations for temperature distributions at heat-affected zones within SA 387-Gr.11-Cl.2 steel during the submerged arc welding (SAW) process. Experimental endeavors entailed welding steel plates under controlled conditions, precisely measuring temperatures at key locations by thermocouples. A special program based on 3D Goldak’s double ellipsoidal model was developed in ANSYS Parametric Design Language for moving heat source calculations in the finite-element analysis (FEA). For welding an 8 mm thick plate with one pass, the suitable parameters were found to be 600 A current, 31 V voltage, and 10 mm·s−1 welding speed. The experimental cooling periods were found to be slower than predicted by FEA. When temperature distributions were compared between experimental and FEA results, an average variation of 1.88% at peak temperatures and 11.8% at completion time was observed. The results showed the temperature distribution at various time steps, illustrating the transient nature of the welding process. The results highlight the capacity of the FEA model to predict temperature profiles during SAW accurately, presenting a potent tool for optimizing welding parameters without extensive trial and error.

Local Proton Heating at Magnetic Discontinuities in Alfvénic and Non-Alfvénic Solar Wind

We investigate the local proton energization at magnetic discontinuities/intermittent structures and the corresponding kinetic signatures in velocity phase space in Alfvénic (high cross helicity) and non-Alfvénic (low cross helicity) wind streams observed by Parker Solar Probe. By means of the partial variance of increments method, we find that the hottest proton populations are localized around compressible, coherent magnetic structures in both types of wind. Analysis of parallel and perpendicular temperature distributions suggest that the Alfvénic wind undergoes preferential enhancements of T ∥ at such structures, whereas the non-Alfvénic wind experiences preferential T ⊥ enhancements. Although proton beams are present in both types of wind, the proton velocity distribution function displays distinct features. Hot beams, i.e., beams with beam-to-core perpendicular temperature T ⊥,b /T ⊥,c up to three times larger than the total distribution anisotropy, are found in the non-Alfvénic wind, whereas colder beams are in the Alfvénic wind. Our data analysis is complemented by 2.5D hybrid simulations in different geometrical setups, which support the idea that proton beams in Alfvénic and non-Alfvénic wind have different kinetic properties and different origins. The development of a perpendicular nonlinear cascade, favored in balanced turbulence, allows a preferential relative enhancement of the perpendicular plasma temperature and the formation of hot beams. Cold field-aligned beams are instead favored by Alfvén wave steepening. Non-Maxwellian distribution functions are found near discontinuities and intermittent structures, pointing to the fact that the nonlinear formation of small-scale structures is intrinsically related to the development of highly nonthermal features in collisionless plasmas. Our results contribute to understanding the role of different coherent structures in proton energization and their implication in collisionless energy dissipation processes in space plasmas.

Analysis of Temperature Distribution on the Coffee Roaster Drum for a Capacity of 2 kg Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Coffee, one of Indonesia's largest commodities, is often processed using traditional methods and tools that rely heavily on manual labor and can be labor-intensive. To make the coffee roasting process more efficient and reduce the need for human effort, a coffee roasting machine can be used. This study aimed to analyze coffee roasting drums using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to determine the optimal drum thickness and rotation speed in a coffee roasting machine. The study considered three different thicknesses (1mm, 2mm, and 3mm) and three different rotation speeds (60rpm, 65rpm, and 70rpm). The coffee roasting drum was modeled using CFD. The study's results showed that a drum thickness of 2mm and a rotation speed of 70rpm achieved the best heat distribution during roasting, reaching the desired temperature in 900 seconds. This information could be used to design a more efficient coffee roasting machine or improve the performance of existing machines.

Analysis of microclimate temperature and relative humidity distribution of local poultry house in a subtropical area of Nigeria

The design of the ventilation system to ensure microclimate condition are optimum in poultry houses in the Nigerian context requires knowledge of the microclimate parameter distribution, which is lacking in the literature. This study investigated the patterns of temperature and RH distributions in a typical local poultry house. The specific objectives were to (i) analyse the vertical and horizontal distributions of the microclimate parameters in battery cage poultry housing and deep litter poultry housing, (ii) identify whether the distribution is homogenous or heterogeneous, and (iii) identify the data spread of parameters. An experimental intensive naturally ventilated local poultry house was used for this study. It consisted of deep litter (DL) and battery cage (BC) poultry housing systems partitioned by an air wall. Daytime, nighttime, rainy, and dry season temperature and RH distributions in the BC and DL poultry housing were analysed. Approximately 1.2 °C temperature difference was recorded between the poultry house and the ambient environment during the day and night. The temperature and RH distributions in the poultry housing were heterogeneous. Approximately 5% and 67%–73% of the daytime and nighttime temperature data, respectively, and 37%–41% of daytime RH fell within the optimum values.

Analysis of vortex structure, temperature distribution, and near-wall flow development for an inclined jet interacting with crossflow of different boundary layer conditions

In modern gas turbines, film cooling confronts complex near-wall flow conditions. Because of the low velocity ratio and the inclined injection in film cooling, the jet is more attached to the wall, making the influence of the local boundary layer critical. This paper investigates the interaction between the inclined jet and the mainstream boundary layer using large eddy simulation (LES). Four inflow boundary layer conditions were investigated, including a thin laminar case (δ/D = 0.5) and three turbulent cases with different thicknesses (δ/D = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0). The jet velocity ratios are 0.23, 0.46, and 0.91 for each inflow condition. To consistently extract vortices of varying intensities, a local threshold was proposed using λci criterion. Based on the extracted vortices, a comprehensive analysis of the vortical strength, size, and position for horseshoe vortex (HSV), counter-rotating vortex pair (CRVP), and shear layer vortices (SLV) is performed under different inflow conditions. The results provide a clear picture of how HSV and CRVP form and evolve. Quantitative patterns are disclosed for the vortex lifting and vortical decay. Moreover, the thermal transport effects of HSV, CRVP, and SLV are examined. It was proven that these vortices dominate the coolant coverage, coolant core lifting, and thermal diffusion, respectively. Meanwhile, the jet has a significant impact on the near-wall flow development. The length of transition and the magnitude of thickening were discovered to be correlated with the jet velocity ratio and inflow thickness. Overall, these findings present a fresh perspective in understanding the flow and heat transport processes for inclined jet-in-crossflow.

Analysis of heat generation during friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 2024-T4 and its impact on joint characteristics

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a successful welding technique for joining of aluminium and many other materials with the required joint configurations. During this welding process, large amount of heat is generated, which influences the integrity, performance, and microstructure of the weld joints. In this study, both experimental and numerical approaches are adopted to analyse the influence of heat generation on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of friction stir-welded joints of AA2024-T4. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is constructed for quantitative analysis of heat flux, heat generation, temperature distribution, strain rate and viscosity. The model is validated by experimentally measured temperature data, and both agree well. The results showed that both heat flux and strain rate are more or less symmetric about the tool axis whereas plastic material flow is asymmetric. Heat flux affects the grain size and mechanical properties of the joint.

Concept and Life Cycle Assessment of a Tiny House Made from Root Section Structures of a Decommissioned Large-Scale Wind Turbine Blade as a Repurposed Application

With the green energy transition, the wind industry has grown rapidly in recent decades. Wind turbine blades (WTBs) are primarily manufactured from glass fibers and thermoset matrix composites. Considering their lifetime from 20 to 25 years, significant amounts of wind turbine components will eventually enter the global waste stream. Currently, recycling is not sufficiently optimized and commercially available. Other strategies, such as repurpose, are becoming relevant to divert components from waste streams. This research explores a pathway to sustainable repurposing of decommissioned WTBs. The concept of a tiny house constructed from the root section of a 5 MW/61.5 m WTB is presented (“5 MW house”). The deformations and stresses of the repurposed composite structures were investigated using a finite element analysis based on the three load cases, defined by (1) a combination of snow load and payload, (2) a combination of wind load and payload, and (3) a thermal stress analysis of a critical temperature distribution of the 5 MW house. Furthermore, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts of the proposed concept. The numerical analysis results showed that the 5 MW house can withstand the applied loads, and that the deformations are within acceptable limits. A reduction of up to 97% in environmental impacts for most impact categories was calculated, compared to a wooden tiny house, whereas climate change, ozone depletion, and eutrophication potential were up to 3.7 times higher, mainly due to the weight and composition of the 5 MW house. The authors believe that the proposed concept may be a high-volume repurposed solution for large-scale WTB root sections.