Analysis Of Telemetry Data Research Articles

On-line pattern discovery in telemetry sequence of micro-satellite

In micro-satellite engineering, telemetry data is the only basis for the ground staffs to judge the condition of spacecraft in-orbit, and is also a critical reference for testing, operation, and Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). In practice, the analysis and processing of raw telemetry data is very complicated and cumbersome. To maintain the micro-satellites' performance and ensure their reliability, it is important to implement on-line interesting pattern discovery in the ground station monitoring system or Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EGSE) system. The goal of this paper is to monitor evolving telemetry sequence of micro-satellite, and to discover subsequences that are similar to the given query sequence, under the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance. However, in the processing of telemetry sequence, massive amounts of data arrive continuously and it is infeasible to directly use DTW distance. Therefore, this paper improves the DTW and proposes a novel method (eDTW) that can perform pattern discovery on telemetry sequence online. First, the sub-sequence time warping matrix is constructed by taking the telemetry sequence as the X-axis and the query sequence as the Y-axis; Second, calculate the DTW distance from each unit, and the initial position of each path; Finally, determine the current local optimal subsequence and determine the next starting point of the next discovery. Experiments with telemetry sequence of Tsinghua University's NS2 satellite show that eDTW can discover interesting pattern quickly, with no buffering of stream values and without comparing pairs of streams. Our experimental case studies show that eDTW can incrementally capture correlations and discover trends, efficiently and effectively.

A new approach to the mathematical model of thermal energy balance

Formation of balance of thermal energy and the heat carrier for a thermal network is carried out for the purpose of increase of efficiency of work of the heat supplying organization. The standard approach proposes to write off the difference between the released and realized heat energy for heat losses. The article proposes a new approach to the formation of the balance of thermal energy and coolant. It includes statistical analysis of telemetry data relating to the released thermal energy. Heat consumption was estimated by contractual load for heating, ventilation and hot water supply. In the mathematical model of the thermal balance for each term weight coefficients were introduced. To obtain the numerical values of these coefficients, the method of least squares was used. The results of checking the adequacy of mathematical models that take into account or neglect thermal losses are presented. The obtained coefficients for the mathematical model of heat balance were used for the mathematical model of mass balance. The results can be used to predict the cost of production and transmission of heat energy and coolant, to assess the efficiency of the heat network and the formation of tariff applications for the future.

Fluctuating environments drive insect swarms into a new state that is robust to perturbations

In contrast with laboratory insect swarms, wild insect swarms display significant coordinated behaviour. Here it is hypothesised that the presence of a fluctuating environment drives the formation of transient, local order (synchronized subgroups), and that this local order pushes the swarm as a whole into a new state that is robust to environmental perturbations. The hypothesis finds support in a theoretical analysis and in an analysis of pre-existing telemetry data for swarming mosquitoes. I suggest that local order is sufficient to make swarms fault-tolerant and that the swarm state and structure may be tuneable with environmental noise as a control parameter. The new theory opens a window onto thermodynamic descriptions of swarm behaviours and extends a long-standing analogy with self-gravitating systems.

Drivers Characterization based on a Signal Analysis of Vehicle Telemetry

This paper presents a computational analysis of drivers behaviors by using signals and data generated from a velicular telemetry system. The proposal diagnoses driver's behaviours looking for potential and dangerous driving manoeuvres. Experimental testing has been performed in real environment around the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. The testing results show how driving diagnosis can be successfully achieved through the analysis of real time telemetry data that are directly related to the driver's actions.

Large‐scale movement behavior in a reintroduced predator population

Understanding movement behavior and identifying areas of landscape connectivity is critical for the conservation of many species. However, collecting fine‐scale movement data can be prohibitively time consuming and costly, especially for rare or endangered species, whereas existing data sets may provide the best available information on animal movement. Contemporary movement models may not be an option for modeling existing data due to low temporal resolution and large or unusual error structures, but inference can still be obtained using a functional movement modeling approach. We use a functional movement model to perform a population‐level analysis of telemetry data collected during the reintroduction of Canada lynx to Colorado. Little is known about southern lynx populations compared to those in Canada and Alaska, and inference is often limited to a few individuals due to their low densities. Our analysis of a population of Canada lynx fills significant gaps in the knowledge of Canada lynx behavior at the southern edge of its historical range. We analyzed functions of individual‐level movement paths, such as speed, residence time, and tortuosity, and identified a region of connectivity that extended north from the San Juan Mountains, along the continental divide, and terminated in Wyoming at the northern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains. Individuals were able to traverse large distances across non‐boreal habitat, including exploratory movements to the Greater Yellowstone area and beyond. We found evidence for an effect of seasonality and breeding status on many of the movement quantities and documented a potential reintroduction effect. Our findings provide the first analysis of Canada lynx movement in Colorado and substantially augment the information available for conservation and management decisions. The functional movement framework can be extended to other species and demonstrates that information on movement behavior can be obtained using existing data sets.

Analysis of telemetry, on-line and non-telemetry data for characterization of the physical activity of patients with heart failure

Several studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of heart disease can be accounted for between 0.4 and 2% in developed countries. The present study aimed to use the PA% of the telemetry data to estimate the 6-minute walk test result. A total of seventeen patients with heart disease; 3 females and 14 males; age: 57.35 yrs ± 9.54; body mass 98.71 ± 9.89 kg; average BMI 36.69 ± 3.67 were recruited into the study. Using the two sets of values describing physical performance, linear regression was calculated providing a mathematical equation, thus, the Physical Activity % value is used to estimate the distance traveled over a 6-minute walk test. On further data analysis, we have come to the conclusion that the distance walked during the six-minute-long test may be measured by PA% from the data of CRT device. With our method, based on the values received from the physical activity sensor implanted into the resynchronisation devices, changes in patients' health status could be monitored telemetrically with the assistance from the implanted electronic device. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(35): 1390-1395.

Reflected Stochastic Differential Equation Models for Constrained Animal Movement

Movement for many animal species is constrained in space by barriers such as rivers, shorelines, or impassable cliffs. We develop an approach for modeling animal movement constrained in space by considering a class of constrained stochastic processes, reflected stochastic differential equations. Our approach generalizes existing methods for modeling unconstrained animal movement. We present methods for simulation and inference based on augmenting the constrained movement path with a latent unconstrained path and illustrate this augmentation with a simulation example and an analysis of telemetry data from a Steller sea lion (Eumatopias jubatus) in southeast Alaska.

Imputation Approaches for Animal Movement Modeling

The analysis of telemetry data is common in animal ecological studies. While the collection of telemetry data for individual animals has improved dramatically, the methods to properly account for inherent uncertainties (e.g., measurement error, dependence, barriers to movement) have lagged behind. Still, many new statistical approaches have been developed to infer unknown quantities affecting animal movement or predict movement based on telemetry data. Hierarchical statistical models are useful to account for some of the aforementioned uncertainties, as well as provide population-level inference, but they often come with an increased computational burden. For certain types of statistical models, it is straightforward to provide inference if the latent true animal trajectory is known, but challenging otherwise. In these cases, approaches related to multiple imputation have been employed to account for the uncertainty associated with our knowledge of the latent trajectory. Despite the increasing use of imputation approaches for modeling animal movement, the general sensitivity and accuracy of these methods have not been explored in detail. We provide an introduction to animal movement modeling and describe how imputation approaches may be helpful for certain types of models. We also assess the performance of imputation approaches in two simulation studies. Our simulation studies suggests that inference for model parameters directly related to the location of an individual may be more accurate than inference for parameters associated with higher-order processes such as velocity or acceleration. Finally, we apply these methods to analyze a telemetry data set involving northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in the Bering Sea. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.

Investigating the Feasibility of Vehicle Telemetry Data as a Means of Predicting Driver Workload

Driving is a safety critical task that requires a high level of attention from the driver. Although drivers have limited attentional resources, they often perform secondary tasks such as eating or using a mobile phone. When performing multiple tasks in the vehicle, the driver can become overloaded and the risk of a crash is increased. If a vehicle is aware that the driver is currently under high workload, the vehicle functionality can be changed in order to minimise any further demand. Traditionally, workload is measured using physiological sensors that require often intrusive and expensive equipment. Another approach may be to use vehicle telemetry data as a performance measure for workload. In this paper, the authors present the Warwick-JLR Driver Monitoring Dataset (DMD) and analyse it to investigate the feasibility of using vehicle telemetry data for determining the driver workload. They perform a statistical analysis of subjective ratings, physiological data, and vehicle telemetry data collected during a track study. A data mining methodology is then presented to build predictive models using this data, for the driver workload monitoring problem.

D11 日光周辺域の地殻内におけるコーダ Q 値の空間分布 : 1993 年日光合同地震観測・広域テレメータの解析

D11 日光周辺域の地殻内におけるコーダ Q 値の空間分布 : 1993 年日光合同地震観測・広域テレメータの解析

Results of operation of scientific hardware «Space system of microacceleration compensation»

The paper presents the results of an experiment using the Space system of microacceleration compensation (SSMC) scientific hardware. The SSMC hardware has been developed and manufactured at the Institute of Space Device Engineering of Samara State Aerospace University with the participation of the Joint Stock Company Space Rocket Center PROGRESS and operated on the Photon-M №4 spacecraft in the period from July 18 to September 1, 2014. The experiment is dedicated to collecting information about the values of the magnetic field of the Earth and compensating accelerations by comparing the measured values with the calculated values for IRGF model. Characteristics of the SSMC scientific hardware and the basic data obtained in the analysis of telemetry data are presented. An averaged picture of distribution of the magnetic field of the Earth during the experiment is obtained.

Верификация модели обвязки схемы и идентификация грубых ошибок данных телеметрии в ПК «RastrWin3»

This paper addresses the issue of sorting rough errors of remote measurements. Available programs for processing and evaluation of incoming telemetry data do not provide a full capacity to identify the simplest, but often rough telemetry data errors with due regard to its binding to the circuit diagram. That is a main cause of unreliable results at condition estimation and related further calculations. The paper proposes to combine a simple check of measurement conformity at certain time sections with analysis of statistical remote measurement data for the time interval specified. Functional relations to be checked include: power balance control based on raw telemetry data, power loss analysis calculated with various measurements on the line as well as control of interconnected measurements. Measurement reliability is estimated by means of statistical and correlation analysis of telemetry data.

Changepoint analysis: a new approach for revealing animal movements and behaviors from satellite telemetry data

While telemetry is an invaluable tool for tracking animal movement patterns, the data generated by this technique is often challenging to interpret. Here, we addressed this issue by developing a novel method, based on changepoint analysis, which incorporated both the horizontal and vertical movement metrics and compared this output to that from a switching state‐space model (SSSM) that categorized behavior based on horizontal movement metrics. We deployed 20 satellite transmitters on postnesting loggerhead turtles at Rethymno, Crete, Greece between 2010 and 2011 to monitor their at‐sea behavior. We used both models to identify behavioral changes, such as the switches from migration to foraging, and from foraging to overwintering. The satellite‐tracked turtles exhibited three discrete migratory strategies, with 9 turtles migrating southwards to the coast of northern Africa, 6 turtles migrating northwards into the Aegean Sea, and 4 turtles remaining resident in the waters of Crete. The SSSM readily identified the switch from transiting to ARS behavior in most animals, but the CPA model was able to distinguish multiple modes and more subtle shifts in behavior corresponding with shifts from migration to foraging to overwintering behaviors. We have shown that by incorporating vertical movement metrics into the analysis of telemetry data, previously hidden shifts in behavior can be revealed. The resulting increase in ability to discern complex behavioral patterns of animals remotely will likely yield better management and conservation decisions for a wide array of organisms.

Duration of migration and reproduction in males is dependent on energy reserve in a fish forming spawning aggregations

Clarifying the relationship between individual energetic state and reproductive behav- iour is essential for understanding the life history strategies of fish as well as for determining fisheries management measures. Many papers have recently been published on fish spawning aggregations (FSAs), in which numerous fish migrate to specific sites for spawning, yet little is known about the relationship between individual energetic state and reproductive behaviour. We tested whether the individual energetic state affected the reproductive behaviour in male white-streaked grouper Epi- nephelus ongus, a species that forms FSAs. Body composition measurement of market specimens suggests that male E. ongus feed less and mainly use their lipid reserves for metabolism and testis development during the spawning season. An integrative analysis of body composition and acoustic telemetry data showed that there is a positive relationship between pre-migration lipid density and duration away from the resident area for migration and reproduction (duration away). These results indicate that fatter males with higher lipid density spent longer periods outside of the resident area, which may enhance the susceptibility of these individuals to intensive fishing pressure at the FSA site. Furthermore, the lipid expenditure during the duration away estimated in this study corre- sponded well with the energy expenditure for metabolism and testis development estimated through the metabolic theory of ecology, suggesting that we could accurately estimate the energy requirement for reproductive behaviours. This study highlights the importance of linking energy reserves to reproductive behaviours in other fishes forming spawning aggregations.

A Methodological Framework to Estimate the Site Fidelity of Tagged Animals Using Passive Acoustic Telemetry.

The rapid expansion of the use of passive acoustic telemetry technologies has facilitated unprecedented opportunities for studying the behavior of marine organisms in their natural environment. This technological advance would greatly benefit from the parallel development of dedicated methodologies accounting for the variety of timescales involved in the remote detection of tagged animals related to instrumental, environmental and behavioral events. In this paper we propose a methodological framework for estimating the site fidelity (“residence times”) of acoustic tagged animals at different timescales, based on the survival analysis of continuous residence times recorded at multiple receivers. Our approach is validated through modeling and applied on two distinct datasets obtained from a small coastal pelagic species (bigeye scad, Selar crumenophthalmus) and a large, offshore pelagic species (yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares), which show very distinct spatial scales of behavior. The methodological framework proposed herein allows estimating the most appropriate temporal scale for processing passive acoustic telemetry data depending on the scientific question of interest. Our method provides residence times free of the bias inherent to environmental and instrumental noise that can be used to study the small scale behavior of acoustic tagged animals. At larger timescales, it can effectively identify residence times that encompass the diel behavioral excursions of fish out of the acoustic detection range. This study provides a systematic framework for the analysis of passive acoustic telemetry data that can be employed for the comparative study of different species and study sites. The same methodology can be used each time discrete records of animal detections of any nature are employed for estimating the site fidelity of an animal at different timescales.

The Package “sigloc” for the R Software: A Tool for Triangulating Transmitter Locations in Ground‐Based Telemetry Studies of Wildlife Populations

Despite the advent of GPS collars and technology, a large portion of wildlife studies still relies on radio‐tracking to study the movement patterns, habitat selection, and space use of individual animals. I present here the “sigloc” package for the R software, which offers basic functions to analyze radio‐tracking data, methods to estimate the location of a VHF transmitter using azimuth bearings, and interfaces with other R packages and functions. These tools can be downloaded freely on the internet and provide a powerful environment for the analysis of radio telemetry data.

Close proximity detection interference with acoustic telemetry: the importance of considering tag power output in low ambient noise environments

When employing acoustic telemetry to study aquatic species, understanding the functional dynamics of the monitoring system is essential for effective study design, data interpretation, and analysis. Typically, researchers are concerned with maximum effective detection range and consequently tend to employ the largest most powerful tags the study species can carry without considerable energetic burden. In ideal acoustic conditions of low ambient noise environments, low attenuation, and reflective structure, higher powered tags can be detected at larger distances from the receiver, but they can also be subject to the phenomenon ‘Close Proximity Detection Interference’ (CPDI). This occurs when reflective barriers, such as a calm water surface and/or hard substrate, result in strong transmission echoes that interfere with the transmission sequence. As a result, transmissions in close proximity to the receiver are not effectively decoded and logged. CPDI was assessed from the results of three detection range tests conducted using the Vemco 69 kHz telemetry system in three contrasting study systems: a sheltered marine Arctic embayment, a temperate freshwater lake, and an exposed marine sub-tropical reef line. For the Arctic embayment, CPDI was absent with the lower power V9 tag (90% of transmissions received at 55 m) but was recorded for the V13 tag and was most prevalent for the highest power V16 tag (18% and 8% of transmissions received at 55 m, respectively). Comparing V16 tag detection profiles between study systems, CPDI was evident in the low ambient noise Arctic embayment and temperate freshwater lake (highest transmission proportions recorded at 370 and 207 m, respectively) but was absent on the high ambient noise sub-tropical reef line. Functional examples highlight the ways in which CPDI can affect different study designs if not acknowledged or accounted for. CPDI was shown to be the most prominent in low ambient noise study systems and should be considered when choosing tag type/power during study design. If unaccounted for, CPDI could lead to misinterpretation during the analysis of acoustic telemetry data. The identification of CPDI highlights the complexities associated with the functionality of acoustic telemetry systems and supports recommendations for thorough detection range testing.

What attracts elk onto cattle pasture? Implications for inter-species disease transmission

In Southwest Alberta, beef cattle and wild elk (Cervus elaphus) have similar habitat preferences. Understanding their inter-species contact structure is important for assessing the risk of pathogen transmission between them. These spatio-temporal patterns of interactions are shaped, in part, by range management and environmental factors affecting elk distribution. In this study, resource selection modeling was used to identify factors influencing elk presence on cattle pasture and elk selection of foraging patches; furthermore, consequences for inter-species disease transmission were discussed.Data on pasture management practices and observations of elk were collected from 15 ranchers during interviews. Pasture use by elk was defined based on telemetry data (from GPS collars deployed on 168 elk in 7 herds) and rancher observations. At the patch scale, foraging patches used by elk were identified by spatio-temporal cluster analysis of telemetry data, whereas available patches were randomly generated outside the area delimited by used patches. For pastures and patches, landscape and human-managed features were characterized using remote sensing data and interviews, respectively. Attributes of available and used pastures (or patches) were compared using resource selection functions, on annual and seasonal (or annual and monthly) time scales. Additionally, intensity of pasture use was modeled using negative binomial regression.Cultivated hay land and mineral supplements were associated with elk presence on cattle pastures, whereas pastures with manure fertilization and higher traffic-weighted road densities were less likely to be used by elk. The effects of landscape (elevation, aspect, water access) and vegetation (forest cover, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) characteristics on patch selection were consistent with typical elk habitat requirements. The presence of cattle and the traffic-weighted road density were negatively associated with patch selection. The apparent avoidance of cattle by elk reduced the risk of direct transmission of pathogens, except during winter months. However, human-managed features attracting elk to cattle pastures (e.g. hay land and mineral supplements) may increase inter-species pathogen transmission through indirect contacts.

Design and Implementation of Telemetry Data Post-Processing System

This paper presents a post-hoc analysis of telemetry data processing systems, introduces the design ideas and composition structure of the system, discussed in detail the design and implementation of key technologies demodulation processing module and the module frame involved. System to achieve a recording deal with post hoc analysis of telemetry data, to solve the current telemetry signal reception playback devices, high maintenance costs, has some economic benefits.

Water and energy management in an automated irrigation district

An important modernization process providing pressurized irrigation systems to the traditional surface irrigation districts has taken place in Spain over the last 20 years However, an adverse consequence of modernization is the important increase in the energy cost in the modernized irrigation districts, which is aggravated by the current high energy prices. The Almudévar irrigation district (AID), a traditional surface irrigation district, was transformed into a pressurized sprinkler irrigation system in late 2010. The irrigation network was equipped with a high-level telemetry and remote control system that reaches the hydraulic valves of the irrigated blocks into which the plots are divided. Therefore, the telemetry system enables the centralized management of the irrigation scheduling from the district office. The district is divided into four independent networks with their own reservoirs and electric pump stations. A comparison of the land structure, crop patterns and irrigation management between the modernized AID in 2011 and the pre-modernization AID in 2006-2008 was performed. The temporal evolution of the irrigation water and energy demands in the 2011 irrigation season was analyzed with the available telemetry data from 2011. An irrigation performance index (SIPI) of the monthly and seasonal frequencies was computed for the main crops of the AID. Most irrigation events were performed during the low electricity tariff periods (P6 electric tariff) due to the centralized irrigation scheduling. Meteorological constraints had a low incidence in irrigation scheduling. Generally, a slight decrease in total irrigation deliveries was observed before and after medium-to-large precipitation events, but no changes in irrigation deliveries was observed with increases in wind speed. The exploitation of telemetry data in the AID has been an important tool to optimize the contracted electricity power in each tariff period and in decreasing the electric bill of the AID. This type of telemetry data analysis, similar to the analysis performed in the modernized AID in 2011, could be used in other water use associations as an important decision-making tool to improve water and energy management and to control the irrigation cost.