Analysis Of Technical Efficiency Research Articles

Off-season onion production in North Benin: An analysis of technical efficiency through the stochastic approach

Off-season onion production in North Benin: An analysis of technical efficiency through the stochastic approach

Technical Efficiency Analysis of Layer and Broiler Poultry Farmers in Pakistan

Achieving high production with limited resources is a major challenge faced by poultry farmers in countries with developing economies, such as Pakistan. Optimization of the technical efficiency (TE) of poultry business operations is a promising strategy. A representative sample of 210 poultry farms in the province of Punjab in Pakistan was analyzed for TE. The studied sample comprised 105 layer chicken farms (battery cage system, egg production) and 105 broiler chicken farms (environmental control shed system, meat production). A Cobb–Douglas stochastic frontier production analysis approach with the inefficiency effect model was used to simultaneously estimate TE levels and identify factors that influence efficiency. The results indicated that flock size, labor, feed, and water consumption are positively related to egg production, whereas vaccination was found to be insignificant. For broiler businesses, flock size, feed, and water consumption were positively related to the output, whereas labor and vaccination were found to be insignificant. The results of the TE inefficiency effect model revealed that farmer age, education, experience, access to credit, and access to extension services all had a significant and positive influence on the technical efficiency of both layer and broiler farmers. The estimated mean TE level of layer and broiler poultry farmers was 89% and 92%, respectively, evaluated against the benchmark of the identified frontier of efficient production with prevailing systems. The study concludes that it is possible to increase egg production by 11% and meat production by 8% by making more efficient use of the available resources and technology. To improve poultry farmers’ efficiency, policy interventions should focus more on the pronounced effects of variables such as education, farmer experience, credit access, and extension services.

A Mathematical Approach of Voltage Sag Analysis Incorporating Bivariate Probability Distribution in a Meshed System

In this paper, different mathematical expressions are derived to compute the residual magnitude of voltage caused by faults along the line and on the bus. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults are taken into consideration, and the consequences of the various fault distributions are considered. A new way of assessing a sag is proposed that incorporates the method of fault position and mathematical expression based on sequence currents and voltages. The fault impedance is introduced to obtain a better result. A fast and efficient load flow analysis technique produces quick computational results. In addition, the sag analysis is performed using the bivariate joint discrete probability distribution method that gives a clear idea about the probability of occurrence of sag in a meshed network. The suggested approach is applied in the IEEE 39-bus system and with an existing real-time electrical power distribution system in India.

Analysis of technical efficiency of irrigated onion (Allium cepa L.) production in North Gondar Zone of amhara regional state, Ethiopia.

Onions are a significant source of revenue and food security for households. Despite their importance in human nutrition, economic benefit, and area coverage, in Ethiopia, onion productivity is significantly lower than it should be. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by examining efficiency variations and determining the variables that affect onion farmers' levels of efficiency in the North Gondar Zone of Ethiopia. The sources of data were both primary and secondary. 205 onion farmers from the Gondar Zuria, Takusa, and Dembia districts were chosen using simple random sampling proportional to sample size. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather primary data from these participants. A Cobb-Douglass production function, a single-stage stochastic frontier model, and descriptive statistics were used to investigate the technical efficiency of onion production at the farm level. The mean technical efficiency of an irrigated onion was 53%, according to the maximum likelihood estimates of the stochastic frontier analysis. By enhancing agricultural methods using current technology, it is possible to raise the average production efficiency of irrigated onions. The stochastic frontier model's maximum likelihood estimates revealed that plot size, Di Ammonium Phosphate, and oxen have a significant effect on onion output; education, livestock holding, experience, and frequency of watering have a positive and significant effect on technical efficiency, whereas family size and marketing training have a negative and significant effect on technical efficiency. Therefore, the government or any relevant bodies should deliver continual scheduled training and an integrated adult education at the existing farmers' training center; modern livestock production techniques; further groundwater resources and proper watering technologies should be used since currently farmers use an inefficient irrigation system, specifically furrow irrigation.

Performance evaluation and multi-criteria decision analysis of thermal energy storage integrated geothermal district heating system

Geothermal energy use in district heating systems has been prevalent and familiar in areas with rich sources for many years. In conventional geothermal district heating systems (GDHS), the geothermal fluid is transported to a heat center to give its heat energy to the secondary fluid. Then, this secondary fluid is circulated in the city network to give its heat energy to the heating circuit by the heat exchangers in the substations. Finally, the geothermal fluid is re-injected to handle the continuity of the resources. This current system works under the designed conditions of a heating system with significant electricity consumption and enormous heat waste. In this study, a thermal energy storage (TES) system was integrated into substations instead of heat exchangers to prevent the waste of heat and overconsumption of electricity by obtaining just-in-time working conditions. In this regard, a shell and tube latent heat TES system was designed for residential use for peak loads and integrated into the heating circuit of GDHS, preserving the current main structure. A number of 37 available cases were formed parametrically to evaluate the system's performance. These cases were analyzed thermodynamically by energy and exergy methods. The net present value (NPV) method was used to evaluate the cases' economics. Finally, an efficiency analysis technique with output satisficing (EATWOS) was conducted to determine the most efficient design from the viewpoints of exergy efficiency, NPV, and CO2 emissions.

Analysis of technical efficiency among youth involved in crop production in Njombe Region, Tanzania

Analysis of technical efficiency among youth involved in crop production in Njombe Region, Tanzania

Comparative analysis of technical efficiency of piglet farming in three production center provinces in Indonesia

Pork production occupies the third position in Indonesia, after chicken and beef. Even pigs occupy the top rank in contributing to Indonesia's live animal exports. The purpose of this study was to com-pare the level of technical efficiency of smallholder piglet production farming in three centers of pig production areas, namely North Sumatra, Bali, and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The research data was sourced from secondary data at the farm level, collected by the Central Statistics Agency of Indonesia, through the Livestock Business Household Survey. This research utilized the stochastic production frontier model to assess the production efficiency and the one-step maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method to measure the level of technical efficiency and the significance of the factors. The re-sults show that the average level of technical efficiency of piglet production farms in Indonesia is rela-tively low. Piglet production farms in Bali have the highest efficiency level and NTT is the lowest of the three provinces being compared. The number of pigs, feed expenditure, capital, and vaccinations are important factors in influencing production and the level of technical efficiency. Public policies that can increase farmers' access to production factors and better pig farm vaccine management become a necessity.

Analysis of technical efficiency of irrigated tomato production in North Gondar Zone of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a country with a total population of more than 110 million, of which about 80% of the total population is engaged in subsistence farming in rural areas. Although the agricultural sector plays a great role in the Ethiopian economy, it is characterized by low productivity due to technological and socioeconomic factors. Improving smallholder irrigated tomato production, and productivity would contribute to enhancing food security and alleviating poverty. Therefore, this study was investigated to fill this gap to analyze the technical efficiency of irrigated tomato production and its determinant factors in North Gondar Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Primary data were collected from 160 farmers selected using a multistage sampling procedure and analyzed using descriptive statistics, a parametric stochastic frontier production function model. The stochastic frontier and Cobb–Douglas functional form with a one-step approach were employed to analyze efficiency and factors affecting efficiency in irrigated tomato production. The estimated gamma parameters indicated that 0.69% of the total variation in tomato output was due to technical inefficiency. The means technical efficiency was found 60%, and about 6480.19 kg of tomato output per hectare was lost due to inefficiency factors implying there is a room for improvement in technical efficiency by 40% with the present technology. The Stochastic Production Frontier (SPF) result revealed that plot size at 1% and UREA at 10% probability level significantly influenced tomato production. The socio-economic variables that exercised an important role for variations in technical efficiency positively were the level of education, TLU, fair water distribution service and water in the morning, and in contrast watering frequency, marketing training, and credit were found to increase inefficiency significantly among farm households. To get better farmers' efficiency in the production of irrigated tomatoes continuous marketing training should be established and strengthening the available farmers training center (FTC) to improve farm productivity. The government and any concerned bodies should be built irrigation canals and other alternatives to reduce watering frequency. There should be a timely and sufficient supply of UREA to improve farmers’ efficiency in the production of tomatoes.

Analysis of technical efficiency and its determinants among tobacco producers in Uganda: An application of data envelopment analysis

This study aimed at analyzing technical efficiency and its determinants among tobacco producers in Uganda. To achieve this, primary data were drawn from 200 tobacco farmers using semi-structured questionnaires. In order to determine the technical efficiency and its determinants, Data envelopment analysis and Tobit regression model were used for the analysis respectively. From the results, we observed that the mean TE was 49%, implying that the farmers were 51% inefficient. Furthermore, input prices, land size, farmers’ age, farm income and farm location were found to be the determinants of technical efficiency. This study recommended that the government should subsidize farm inputs as well as training the farmers on input combinations in order to increase technical efficiency level. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 24-29, June 2022

ANALISIS EFISIENSI PADA USAHATANI JAGUNG DI KAWASAN AGROPOLITAN KABUPATEN CIAMIS

Corn is one of the food crop commodities cultivated in Ciamis Regency, one of which is in the Ciamis Regency agropolitan area. The differences of corn farming productivity at five locations in the agropolitan area which shows the use of production factors is not yet efficient. The research was carried out using a survey method on corn farmers in Panumbangan District which was taken as the research location intentionally (purposive sampling). The population size is 1,545 people and the samples are 94 people is determined using the Slovin formula. Analysis of technical efficiency were analyzed using a stochastic frontier production function, allocative efficiency were analyzed using a cost function where the data analysis used the Front4.1 application. Economics efficiency is combination between technical efficiency and allocative efficiency. The results showed the level of efficiency achieved in corn farming in the agropolitan area of Ciamis Regency were efficient (>0.70), with an average of 0.88 for technical efficiency; an average of 0.81 for allocative efficiency; and an average of 0.72 for economics efficiency

The Efficient Techniques for Non-Linear Fractional View Analysis of the KdV Equation

The solutions to fractional differentials equations are very difficult to investigate. In particular, the solutions of fractional partial differential equations are challenging tasks for mathematicians. In the present article, an extension to this idea is presented to obtain the solutions of non-linear fractional Korteweg–de Vries equations. The solutions comparison of the proposed problems is done via two analytical procedures, which are known as the Residual power series method (RPSM) and q-HATM, respectively. The graphical and tabular analysis are presented to show the reliability and competency of the suggested techniques. The comparison has shown the greater contact between exact, RPSM, and q-HATM solutions. The fractional solutions are in good control and provide many important dynamics of the given problems.

A Comparative Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Agribusiness and Non-Agribusiness Enterprises in Eastern DRC

The purpose of this study was to determine whether agribusiness could be competitive compared to non-agribusiness employment opportunities in terms of technical efficiency and profitability. We used data collected on all seven operating cassava community processing centers (CCPCs) and 150 comparable non-agribusiness enterprises in South Kivu province. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), as well as cost–benefit ratios and net monthly revenue, were used to examine technical efficiency and profitability. Our results showed that agribusiness was more competitive than non-agribusiness in terms of technical efficiency and profitability. The cost–benefit ratio shows that every dollar invested in agribusiness earns investors US $2.8, while it earns investors in non-agribusiness US $2.1. Moreover, technical efficiency increases significantly with agribusiness. These results show that agribusiness can compete with other non-agribusiness activities, and it remains a solution to youth unemployment in the region.

Considering Environmental Factors in Technical Efficiency Analysis of European Crop Production

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a popular tool to determine technical efficiency of agricultural production. One issue that arises in some nonparametric frameworks is the heterogenous endowment with determinate factors, such as agroclimatic conditions. Environmental factors clearly lie outside of the sphere of influence of the decision-maker and pose natural limits to increasing efficiency and productivity of agricultural production. Calls for rationalization or better allocation of production inputs might thus not be adequate if concerned studies do not properly account for exogeneous factors of efficiency. The presented paper addresses the existing attempts to deal with the issue and analyzes the effect of soil quality on technical efficiency, calculated for crop producers of 122 European regions (FADN), using a regularly employed two-stage DEA framework. The effect of soil quality is then accounted for by adjusting the input factor land by a land quality factor. First, results show that environmental factors, e.g., soil quality, have a significant positive effect on technical efficiency. Further, the proposed land adjustment reveals structurally different results for some individual efficiency estimates, which indicates that neglecting the effect of environmental factors on efficiency might yield misleading policy implications.

Analisis Efisiensi Teknis, Alokatif dan Ekonomi pada Usahatani Padi Sawah

Abstract: Purpose: Research objectives: the effect of input factors for lowland rice farming production, and technical efficiency, allocative, and economic use of lowland rice farming inputs. Method: The population is 908 farmers and the sample is taken using Sugiart's calculation, which obtained 51 samples by determining the sample by simple random sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis with Cobb-Douglas production function, technical efficiency analysis with DEA ??approach, allocation efficiency analysis and economic efficiency analysis. Results: 1) land area production factor, phonska fertilizer and KCL fertilizer significantly affect rice farming production, 2) technical efficiency value of 0.856, 3) allocative efficiency value of 2.72, 4) economic efficiency value of 2.32 . Conclusions: Lowland rice farming is not efficient in terms of technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency. Keywords: 1. economic efficiency 2. allocative efficiency 3. technical efficiency 4. rice

Efisiensi Usahatani Jagung Pipilan di Kecamatan Marang Kayu Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara

In traditional farming, production factors are generally used for generations. The factors of production used are not well measured, as a result, farming is carried out inefficiently. Another factor that causes inefficient farming is driven by social factors of farmers. This study aimed to determine the price efficiency, technical efficiency, and economic efficiency of shelled corn farming. This research was conducted in Marang Kayu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Data were collected through interviews with a sample of 46 farmers. Price efficiency analysis of shelled corn farming using Cobb-Douglas function analysis. Technical efficiency analysis using frontier production function version 4.1c. Calculation of economic efficiency by calculating the multiplication between the value of price efficiency and technical efficiency (EE = EH x ET). The results showed that the price efficiency of 0.941 means inefficient, technical efficiency of 0.998 means inefficient, and economic efficiency of 0.9391 which indicates that shelled corn farming is inefficient.

Technical efficiency analysis of shrimp farms in Andhra Pradesh, India using stochastic frontier approach

Brackishwater aquaculture sector is dominated by the exotic vannamei shrimp farming, which is the economic engine of Indian aquaculture. In 2019-20, exports of 12,89,651 t of Indian marine products fetched foreign exchange worth ₹46,662.85 crores and farmed shrimps accounted for about two-thirds of the shrimps exported. Shrimp farming is export oriented and market price often fluctuates widely impacting the profitability significantly. We conducted this study to estimate technical efficiency of the shrimp farmers In Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh State which tops in shrimp aquaculture in the country. The data were collected through structured questionnaire using personal interview from 80 farmers during COVID 2020 pandemic period. The farm specific technical efficiency varied from 75 to 94% with a mean of 93%. The estimates of the discrepancy parameter γ indicated that 93% of the difference between the maximum possible output and actual output were due to differences in technical inefficiencies of farmers Feed and labour are the significant variables compared to other variables. The results indicated that farmers need to be encouraged to apply more feed to increase shrimp production. Keywords: Stochastic production frontier, Sustainability, Technical efficiency, Vannamei shrimp aquaculture

Economic cost and technical efficiency analysis of thermal management of a triple pack of lithium-ion battery with forced airflow and nano-phase change materials

In this paper, the thermal management (THMA) of a lithium-ion battery pack (BPA) and economic analysis of the cost of cooling electricity consumption are studied numerically. The BPA contains 23 cylindrical batteries in such a way phase change material (PCM) surrounds the batteries. Finally, 7 different models are employed by changing the angle of the vanes from 0 to 5° in the period of 0–25 min and BPA temperature, as well as the amount of molten PCM and outlet temperature, are studied. Economic analysis is done for three European countries at 5 Reynolds numbers. The use of guide vanes with an angle of 1° creates the lowest maximum temperature (TM) and the average temperature (TAV) of the BPA, especially at times above 15 min. The airflow guide vanes with angles of 1 and 4° causing the lowest and highest air temperatures at the outlet in more than 20 min. Also, the vanes with an angle of 1° create the maximum amount of solid PCM. Economic studies also show that the lowest and highest power consumption for PCM charging occurs at the Reynolds numbers of 300 and 500, respectively.

Toward Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Tunisian Citrus Sector: Impact of Pricing Policies on Water Resources Reallocation

This study aims to analyse Tunisian farmers’ ability to pay (ATP) in a citrus area and propose a penalising price strategy based on the block-pricing process to decrease over-irrigation without affecting farmers’ incomes. The methodology is based on the residual imputation approach to determine farmers’ ATP, a stochastic production frontier to estimate the technical efficiency to determine optimal water irrigation quantity and calculation of the price elasticity of demand for an effective penalty and the Gini index before and after penalisation to study equity improvement. A survey was carried out on a sample of 147 citrus farms in the Nabeul Governorate, Northeastern Tunisia. The technical efficiency analysis confirms that an optimal quantity of 5000 m3/ha guarantees the maximisation of yields and profits. Above this quantity, the amount of overused water could be penalised without significantly affecting farmers’ incomes. Results also reveal that water overconsumption represents 28% of available resources and the ATP varies according to technical efficiency. Therefore, the proposed penalty system could reduce water overconsumption by 44.56% without deteriorating agricultural welfare. To improve water management as well as farmers’ welfare, this study recommends an increase in the technical efficiency level of farms to optimise all production factors for any implemented pricing policy.

Advanced sample preparation techniques for rapid surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of complex samples

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful and promising analytical technique for fast, non-destructive, and sensitive analysis of trace analytes. However, the serious matrix interference effect of complex sample is a bottleneck that limited rapid SERS analysis. Therefore, it is essential to introduce proper sample preparation techniques to address the limitation for advancing SERS analysis. With adaptable sample preparation techniques, target substances could be separated and purified from complex matrices, matrix interference effect could be eliminated/reduced, and finally pure SERS spectra could be obtained. However, the process of traditional sample preparation usually requires the tedious and time-consuming operation, large solvent consumption, high labor intensity, as well as low efficiency. Given that SERS is an ultrafast analytical technique, there is a great desire to develop advanced/modern sample preparation techniques for fast and efficient analysis of complex samples. To attract much attention and raise research enthusiasm on the beginning, recent development on advanced sample preparation techniques for rapid SERS analysis of complex sample was reviewed. (1) ‘All-in-one’ strategy for simultaneous separation, enrichment, and in-situ SERS detection. (2) Integrated strategy for high-speed pretreatment and high throughput analysis. (3) Derivatization strategy switches on the SERS activity of molecules with weak responses. (4) Field-assisted strategy for preconcentration acceleration. (5) Instrument combination strategy for online processing and real-time SERS analysis. Finally, conclusions and perspectives on future development were briefly discussed.

TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF THE IRANIAN POWER PLANTS: A SEMI-DISPOSAL DEA APPROACH

One of the most important issues is to achieve maximum production of energy from a particular energy source, which ensures the complete protection of the environment. The current paper as the first application of flexible and powerful semi-disposability approach, performs an empirical technical and environmental efficiency analysis for 39 natural gas and gasoline power plants, including governmental and private property, during the years 2011–2016. Different scenarios for environmental analysis, namely, weak disposability, strong disposability and semi-disposability with different returns to scale assumptions are performed in the analysis. The primary results of multivariate assessment based on constant returns to the scale shows that 7 power plants with state ownership and 8 power plants with private ownership were among the most efficient power plants from the technical-environmental perspective. Parametric and non-parametric tests are performed and the result shows better performance of private power plants compared with governmental power plants.